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THE. UNIVERSITY 
OF ILLINOIS 
LIBRARY 


95719 
Sse 


MAY 18 1946 
NOV 27 1946 


ND oO? Ina 
/ { , j\O7 y) 
Viti 


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JUN S 1951 


JUN 6-1966 


MEHEMOTRS 


OF THE 


CARNEGIE MUSHUM. 


1901-1904. 


VOL. I. 


W. J. HOLLAND, Editor. 


J. B. HATCHER, Associate Editor. 


PITTSBURGH. 
PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE 


CARNEGIE INSTITUTE. 


- 
> 


PREPATORY NOTE. 


The first volume of the Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum is brought to its con- 
clusion with the publication of Dr. William H. Ashmead’s exceedingly important 
Monograph upon the Chalcidoidea, the descriptive portion of which is based upon 
the collections made in South America by Mr. Herbert H. Smith, now the property 
of the Carnegie Museum. No less valuable from a scientific standpoint than the 
concluding paper of the series embodied in this volume are the papers of Mr. 
Hatcher on Paleontology and the Osteological Monograph of Dr. Shufeldt. 

It is with a feeling of satisfaction that the Editor contemplates the issue in final 
form of this volume, which marks the initiation in the city of Pittsburgh of an 
enterprise which is destined to give to it as the years go by an enduring reputation 
as acenter of scientific culture. To the fame of Pittsburgh as the seat of some 
of the most Cyclopean industries of the age is being added reputation as a seat of 
learning. Under the cloud of smoke, which attests the industry of her inhabitants, 
and is the sign of her material prosperity, live men who find their pleasure in ex- 
ploring the wonders of the material universe, and the record of their discoveries 
and researches will from year to year be found in the Annals and the Memoirs of 
the great Museum which the more than princely generosity of Mr. Andrew Car- 
negie has called into being. Here are being brought together from all over the 
globe materials for study illustrating the different arts and sciences, and upon these 
collections is destined to be built up an extensive literature, which will add to the 
sum of human knowledge. Among the first fruits of this movement the following 
pages are found, and they are submitted to the attentive regard of students through- 
out the world in the confident belief that those who are capable of correctly esti- 


mating the value of such publications will find in them both pleasure and profit. 


W. J. HoLuanp. 
THe CARNEGIE Museum, 
March 31, 1904. 


ili 


585564 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


PAGE. 

Preratory Nore . : : : ; : : ; ‘ Vv 

List oF Fieures IN ‘TEx? , 5 : ; } : : vil 

List oF PLATES : : : A ix 
Memoir I. Diplodocus Marsh, Its Osteology, Taxonomy, and Probable 
Habits, with a Restoration of the Skeleton. J.B. Hatcher. (Pub- 

lished July, 1901) : 5 : : l- 64 
Memorr II. Oligocene Canide. J. B. Hatcher. (Published September, 

1902) . 65-108 


Memoir III. ‘The Osteology of the Steganopodes. R. W. Shufeldt, M.D. 
(Published September, 1902) . 109-224 


Memoir IV. Monograph of the Chalcidoidea. William H. Ashmead, 


Se.D. (Published March, 1904) : F : : 5 . 225-551 
SprectaAL InpEx To Monoarary or W. H. AsHMrAD ; : . : 533 
GENERAL INDEX TO VOLUME . ; : ‘ : : : ; : 553 


LIST OF FIGURES IN TEXT. 


PARot eal 


FIGuRe. 


_ 


Skull of Diplodocus longus Marsh 
Pe EMEP Ys OOM GET LIUPHOUOCUG ONT ra) «Fn Ga S 5, creed n.niv ew Pia nieied Ol wicparm ates bul wanted x 


Section of Maxillary Bone of Diplodocus longus........-..000.c0ce eee eeeee 


Atlas of Diplodocus longus, Side View... . 
PNGLsIOL OU DLOACTA LONG Let ON Gp VALE Wy -cstaucte cer «acpi eda aie aval Syckeieile a aici eoereuetarete che 
Axis OheLiplodacuscarneqi, seem irom) Mieht S100... jist us ee ee ne ee ee eee als 


. Tenth, Eleventh, and Twelfth Cervicals of Diplodocus carnegii, Seen from Right Side. . 


8. Posterior View of Eleventh Cervical of Diplodocus carnegii...........: Stina Aaa 


. Inferior View of Sacrum and Ilia of Diplodocus carnegii... 6.0600 eee 
. Sacrum and Ilium of Diplodocus longus Marsh, Seen from Below......-....-.++--+- 


- Codssified Caudal Vertebree of Diplodocus carnegit... 21.2... ee. e cece te cee ee cee 


. Superior View of Pair of Sternal Bones of Diplodocus carnegii..... 0.0.00 e eee eee 


pasupposed: Clavicle ote malodocius Commegui isc <= lettin sia) ele siriloue ole le elo eine rie wlonanelsraieie ake 


. External View of Right Seapula and Coracoid of Diplodocus carnegii.... 0.6.0... 04 ++ 


. Proximal End of Left Femur of Diplodocus carnegit. .... 0.2... 0c cece cece eee eee 


eDistalebndorlbetheblemun of Wyplodaeus CoOmneguucis «cc «om elects =e ele = sere siele ele ee 
. Oblique Internal Front View of Left Femur of Diplodocus carnegii.... 2.0... .4 00.5: 
. Proximal End of Right Tibia and Fibula of Diplodocus carnegii.... 2.0.0... 0. ee eee 


. Distal End of Right Tibia and Fibula of Diplodocus carnegii.... 0.0.0.0 eee eee 


. Superior View of Astragalus of Right Pes of Diplodocus carnegii... 0... 006600 e eee 


Front View of Right Hind Foot of Diplodocus carnegit.......-..+...0ee crete sees 
Front View of Right Hind Foot of Brontosawrus excelsus Marsh... ......0..50+005- 
Cross-sections of Left Femur of Diplodocus carnegii. 2... 6666 ee 
. Cervical Vertebra of Diplodocus longus Marsh........ 25.0060 5e see c eee e eens ian 
PART II. 
Semi Of Daphomd felons COW: a5 secs or atau Aa eee nls oem arene eee cee eee 
Inferior View of Basicranial Region of Skull of Canis familiaris.... 0.0. .000 005 e ees 
Inferior View of Basicranial Region of Skull of Daphanus felinus.. 0.0... 06 000200 
. Crown View of Right Superior Sectorials of Prodaphenus scottii, Daphenus felinus, and 
OE ESE iy DAT ge tO Cae ge aici 0 ae ee a ee 
. Crown View of Right M., of Daphonus felinus... 00... .0 0000 eee e eee ener eens 
. Side View of Type of Proamphicyon nebrascensis Hatcher... 0... 6.600 e eee eee 
. Crown View of Superior Dentition of Type of Proamphicyon nebrascensis Hatcher . .. . . 
vii 


96 
98 


Vill LIST OF FIGURES IN TEXT. 


FIGURE. PAGE. 


PARD Tr 
. Right Lateral View of the Skull of Phaéthon wthereus........-..5--+++-+2+-eeeees 118 


2. Superior View of Mandible of Phaéthon wthereus...... 26.000 ce cc cevenscsuscucees 121 


] 
2 
3. Left Lateral View of the Skull, Including Mandible, of a Specimen of Anhinga anhinga. 151 
4 


. The Same Skull Seen from Above, Mandible Removed.................--+--+-++-- 151 
5. Ventral Aspect of the Sternum of Anhinga anhinga..........-...2-++-eceeseeseeee 160 
6. Left Lateral View of the Same Bone Shown in Fig. 5 .... 2.2... esse cece cere eenas 160 
7. Anterior Aspect of the os furcula of Anhinga anhinga....... 0... .e cece eee eee ees 160 
8. Mesial Side of the Scapular End of the Same Bone Shown in Fig. 7 ............---. 160 
9. Anconal Aspect of Right Humerus of Anhinga anhinga ...................+.--... 162 

10. Anterior View of Right Femur of Anhinga anhinga..............0+0eceeeeeeeaee 162 
11. Right: Coracoid. of Anhinga anhinga:.... 5 oc: ccs = «sare ya ci eee ene ae 162 
12. Left Lateral View of the Skull of Phalacrocoraz urile..... 0 .....42 seeceacvnerees 166 
13. (Palatal Rerion of a Nouns Phalacroconaa rile. eee eat et ee ee ee 167 
14, Dorsal Aspect of Anterior Part of Cranium of a Young Phalacrocorax wrile........... 167 
15. Lateral Aspect of Beak of a Young Phalacrocoraz urile .............+.+.+++-++.:- 167 
16. Right Lateral View of Sternum and Bones of the Shoulder-girdle of a Cormorant 
CPhalagrocomaar Witla) ste mora tov occse ORs esate tees emer ee Net le ae 172 
17. Knee Joint of a Cormorant (Phalacrocorax urile) <2 5 02. 2. + «oes whee oe ee 174 
18: Knee Jomt of Phalacrocoran ure, Seen Bromine Hronh 2-ct sete 174 
19: Ventral! A'spect of Rostrum of; Pallas? (Cormorant cic tees eee ae eee eee 177 
2.0. Lateral Aspect of Rostrum) of Pallas’ Cormorant:).4. + 2 ine oe pee irae 
21. Right Ramus of Lower Mandible of Pallas’ Cormorant, External Aspect............. Wind 
22. Right Ramus of Lower Mandible, Internal Aspect................+0+-02-0--+ae- 177 
23. Right Metacarpals.(Pallas’ Cormorant) 2.02 0% oi. cc cts ais agen oie eked eae 177 
24. Right Coracoid of Pallas’ Cormorant, Ventral Aspect.........-.-.....----..+---- 178 
20. mternum of Pallas’ Cormorant, \Vieniral@As pect: ye. cece ceils tc) edhe er een tere 178 
26. Femur of Pallas’ Cormorant, Anterior Aspect ......--. 20+ +2000 eee eee sees seve tits: 
27. ‘Tarsus of ‘Pallas’ Cormorant, Anterior Aspects 1 2nyaice= yaar ele ante eee 178 
28. Tibia,of Pallas’ Cormorant, AmterionsAspecte sn sins ce tt ten ttt etter eee 178 
29. Left Lateral Aspect of Pelvis of Pallas’ Cormorant.................+...+.5...0-=- 181 
30... Dorsal Aspect of Pelvis of Pallas’ Cormorant:e tacts cite tee 181 
31. Phalacrocorax perspicillatus, Inferior Aspect of Cranium...................-..--. 184 
32. Phalacrocorax perspicillatus, Left Ramus of Jaw, External Aspect.............-..-. 184 
33. Phalacrocorax perspicillatus, Mandible and Left Palatine External Aspect........... 184 
34. Phalacrocoraz penicillaiues Cranium sete eee ee 186 
30. Philacrocor das persprcriciiiess. @rarivtiU eye eee aie incre) eken tee Net mate tlhe eee en 186 
36. Phalacrocorax carboxy Granvumiieree ete te os ei cre einer oe ata 186 


37. Dorsal Aspect of themPelyisiot Breqatan aqua. welt aici es eae eerie ere te 209 


XVII. 


XVIII. 


XIX. 
XX. 
XXI. 


LIST OF PLATES. 


. Diagram of Quarry C. 

. Skull of Diplodocus longus Marsh. 

. Cervical Vertebree of Diplodocus carnegii Hatcher. 

. Cervical Series of Diplodocus carnegii Hatcher. 

. Anterior View of Cervical Series of Diplodocus carnegii Hatcher. 
. Posterior View of Cervical Series of Diplodocus carnegii Hatcher. 
. Anterior Dorsals of Diplodoeus carnegii Hatcher. 


. Anterior, Posterior, and Lateral Views of the Anterior Dorsals of Diplodocus carnegii 


Hatcher. 


. Posterior, Anterior, and Lateral Views of Twelve Anterior Caudals of Diplodocus car- 


negii Hatcher. 


. Comparative Views of Pelvis of Diplodocus and Brontosaurus. 

. Hind Limb and Foot of Diplodocus carnegii Hatcher. 

. Pelvis and Caudal Vertebree of Diplodocus longus Marsh, after Osborn. 

. Restoration of the Skeleton of Diplodocus carnegii Hatcher. 

. Top and Side View of Skull of Dapheenus felinus Scott. 

. Side, Top, and Inferior View of Right Side of Skull of Protemnocyon inflatus Hatcher. 


. Inferior View of Posterior Portion of Skull of Cynodictis gregarius Cope ; Left Ramus 


of Dapheenus felinus Scott; Crown View of Right Ramus of Protemnocyon inflatus 
Hatcher ; Crown View of Right Ramus of Daphenus felinus Scott; Inferior View 
of Left Side of Skull of Daphenus felinus Scott. 

Vertebre of Daphenus felinus Scott. 

Mesosterni of Daphanus felinus Scott, Seen from Above ; Os Penis of Cynodictis gregarius 
Cope; Os Penis of Daphenus felinus Scott ; Axis of Protemnocyon inflatus Hatcher ; 
Superior View of Atlas of Same ; Left Side of Third Cervical of Same ; Front View 
of Right Hind Foot of Daphenus felinus Scott ; Front View of Right Fore Foot of 
Same. 

Limb Bones of Daphenus felinus Scott. 

Mounted Skeleton of Dapheenus felinus Scott. 

Dorsal Aspect of the Pelvis of Plotus levaillanti ; Basal View of the Skull of Phaéthon 
ethereus ; Superior Aspect of the Skull of Phaétthon flavirostris ; Skeleton of the Left 
Foot of Fregata aquila; Ventral View of the Sternum of Phaéthon ethereus ; Left 


Lateral Aspect of the Trunk Skeleton of Phaéthon flavirostris. 


. Right Lateral View of the Skull and Mandible of Sula gossi; Basal View of Same 


Skull; Basal View of the Skull of Sula brewsteri. 
ix 


x 


PLATE. 


XXIII. 


XXIV. 


XXV. 


XXVI. 


XXVII. 


XXVIII. 


XXIX. 
XXX. 


LIST OF PLATES. 


Superior Aspect of Skull of Su/a gossi; Superior Aspect of Skull of Sula brewsteri ; 
Left Lateral View of Trunk Skeleton of Sula gossi. 

Left Lateral View of Skull of Phalacrocorax pelagicus robustus ; Left Lateral View 
of Phalacrocorax albiventris ; Lett Lateral View of Skull of Phalacrocorax urile ; 
Basal View of Skull of Phajacrocorax melanoleucus ; Left Lateral View of Skull 
and Mandible of Phalacrocorax dilophus ; Superior Aspect of Skull of Palacrocorax 
p. robustus ; Superior of Skull of Phalacrocorax dilophus ; Superior Aspect of Skull 
of Phalacrocorax melanoleucus ; Superior Aspect of Skull of Phalacrocorax albiventris. 

Dorsal View of Trunk Skeleton of Phalacrocorax urile ; Left Lateral View of Trunk 
Skeleton of Phalacrocorax urile. 

Anconal Aspect of Right Carpo-metacarpus of Fregata aquila ; Left Lateral View of 
Skull of Phalacrocorax melanoleucus ; Anconal Aspect of Proximal Phalanx of the 
Medius Digit of the Manus of Right Pectoral Limb of Fregata aquila ; Basal Aspect 
of Skull of Phalacrocorax dilophus ; Basal Aspect of Skull of Phalacrocorax p. 
robustus ; Basal Aspect of Skull of Phalacrocorax albiventris ; Dorsal Aspect of 
Sternum and Os Fureula of Phalacrocorax albiventris. 

Anconal Aspect, Right Ulna, Pelecanus sharpei; Anterior Aspect, Left Femur, 
Pelecanus sharpei; Anterior Aspect of the Left Tibio-tarsus, Pelecanus sharpei ; 
Palmar Aspect of Left Humerus, Pelecanus sharpei; Basal View of Skull of 
Pelecanus fuscus ; Basai View of Skull of Pelecanus sharpei ; Left Lateral View of 
Skull of Pelecanus sharpei ; Anterior Aspect of Right Coracoid of Pelecanus sharpei ; 
Anconal Aspect of Left Carpo-metacarpus, Pelecanus sharpei ; Superior View of 
Skull of Pelecanus fuseus ; Superior View of Mandible of Pelecanus fuscus. 

Dorsal Aspect of Sternum and Codssified Os Furcula of Pelecanus sharpei ; Palmar 
Aspect of Left Pectoral Limb of Phalacrocorax urile ; Inner Aspect of Right Pelvic 
Limb of Phalacrocorax urile. 

Skull, Including Mandible, of Fregata aquila (No. 18,485, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). 

Ventral Aspect of Pelvis of Pelecanus sharpei ; Ventral Aspect of Sternum and 


Shoulder-girdle of Fregata aquila ; Left Lateral Aspect of Sternum of Fregata aquila. 


XXXI-XXXIX. Figures of New Genera and Species of Chalcidoidea, described by William 


H. Ashmead. 


Publications of the Carnegie Musewm. Serial No. 21. 


MEMOLRS 


OF THE 


a NEG Le MUSEUM. 


NOK. No. 4. 


W. J. HOLLAND, Pu.D., Sc.D., LL.D., Eprror. 


J. B. HatrcHer, Pu.B., Assocrare Eprror. 


CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 


OR THE 


SUPERFAMILY CHALCIDOIDEA, 


WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF 


NEW SPECIES IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM, 
COLLECTED IN SOUTH AMERICA BY 


HERBERT H. SMITH. 


By WILLIAM HARRIS ASHMEAD, A.M., Sc.D., 


ASSISTANT CURATOR, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


PITTSBURGH. 
PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE 
CARNEGIE INSTITUTE. 
JANUARY, 1904. 


For sale by Messrs. Wm. Wesley & Son, 28 Essex St., Strand, London, England ; Messrs. R. Friedleender u. Sohn, 
11 Carlstrasse, Berlin, N. W.6, Germany ; and at the Carnegie Museum, Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S. A. 


THIS VOLUME 


IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED 'TO 


DR. CARL W. von DALLA TORRE 


THE EMINENT BOTANIST AND HYMENOPTERIST, PROFESSOR IN THE 
UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK, WHO, IN THE COMPILATION OF 
‘“CATALOGUS HYMENOPTERORUM,’? HAS DONE SO 


MUCH FOR WORKING HYMENOPTERISTS 


THE AUTHOR 
WaAsHtnatTon, D. C., January, 1904 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


[D020 TULA CETIN, & ORE ei Rie pague end Re Estee DO Ges roc CHRO Ea CRU RT Con Ss a ce ili 

Saar ARTIC CRIS AEPESL UU cet cers nae Sty ee CaP se pe sis nlm c sa <icfiarein tacos stewie cic «aac te a da aA s Be x 

Una Lite natal Bais pe dd wre bee © SGieib B Bice ORG)O Cena Ree erage Oo ae 225 

Part I. Classification of the Chaleid Flies, or the Superfamily Chaleidoidea............. 226 

Raby letining Wasrillieermearets Moyers tamer Seca cate ialevers ancora ene ktitiiae Oi geal a aievonsebads Pahoa 226 
SES ana eet ee aa A HAI ATRIA Ne etiav= a eat ae G5, a 2 Riv shan ds cra: eon Vycye"s py <1 Seapets whe Sekai, Slave 23 

spanleron su uiainl esse ernest ctl he Mens oS ian on Riis uch oe arenas 232 

PSU ATA Eyer Leper DLO MIN Eee bay Nels sessesNcy otek vote srt tity ape nase site e casbare eum eteyey eerste 232 

Pale role Creneramer cr tert eces ec ve et oc dart ery aim omy Aha Ede ee Gaal ais 233 

UP ear yoo mets VCO PMA CN ES regs, cra, c1eV-4s-ency pe teiss owskekerele alae) «, 8 soererdese oa isterehe ers 234 

Mails lemepien (Cron Gear pacer tenet CPN cp siles Se val arc taveh acerca rol etal eta ae cheapest ec alee 235 

Et sara tl yee Mert ae Meme ca rsy Trak ses ta cya teeak onary ey tay he) oS ec ohacas cine Weave Wate aay ae ere a Ns 235 

alietlexotesiiiamltltesre en emt terotke tre oes) teh, ec lah cts vabenerte coc Oe ee ereon als ohaeeueeie ere 236 

OUEAUIT ve lemme canine eran na Mare aucish comers et erevecins sithoke [o's iets Sneha dats 237 

ablemoia G enenamerpe were Moerman fe ie Miia ic Aree, ciao woe ele 237 

Sesra pa eed aT Oem ol ee eae INDIA cece aS whey os hes cys cha ssioxsia) #4) <sota a ni Gente OUR wearin hs 241 

MAb lero te rene lamer ter esto pi cers rca scare ove ene oeeie oe ais Bako mes Wee ee. PHA 

Jit) ETT Ry) Td PVC 210 ee 242 

SEEN is COSTER, Sean Be Se ck cet Oe Cae nee ant aS Bate RRR ee =A io 242 

SENET APL UN Se 0S 0 COTY Te Re ee ena eeR 244 

TER iE TSE, gth.g & Siieas Bien OFOmOIe th VAS EE aa cs Na et tec RR a a 244 

PSUS LANENT Late Wes Dest LATENT pets ayel sist siete way cvsvorasle saline ccs ie..sa a elon susmat ere ae) ers 244 

Eas lem Dian Gren elebae cet est ertenet a vale re sectere oe AO aE ec eke nc eam ea She 244 

Seas MURAL ANN Nien CUENINGIEN ESS ce et ofy Gia nipak way « nce AD Sa ae shell o,axcie sve via were ce, fare 245 

TRAST foee 6 Aes SOS = CeCe ee RIP OD ay Pac SES Oy ieee a 245 

IReeT ANG TWILL CCIE TSENG BOO ie, Pre ces cnc atic OI NCAARES A SLR 246 

A AALy once RU LANNY LES ye teroke be octane eye verey o) cacew aieieieiaiktS, cl chaomic: <-sisyateke ciara era oou ans. 246 

Slee eC Raat! SyEU Leah CT BR eg ert ca 246 

Gal lemoin Grermerdarserctr etc emyetays iaiatsvektvers aesto) ¢ sls ace ve spel'él e's iersr URW cise o o's ale 247 

sleeve IIIS. COPIOUS: Hons Sha! ie bine GERD OCs ARG Coote Oar 247 

ee ere hee nn ecpemneter es eave) ene pene OS Os ses ec oie Bi bie isa vl ahave Hi vie 4 ce 248 

Abwleyd o(CLYTETG ITS accents a hie es GcIn oie CERO Ca ee a 248 

plicityl Oa ie CHOY eer eae mere emery. oy a.4's ate uchvarn as. atta wimias ae ales es 248 

AVAIL: ISTO tals occas OS eRe te CHOIR IETS CCRC AIC renee 250 

leita Lem hi Grenle Caeeme ne tenes eee clare cerns okies swiss mere Hale ceis ie ele eratelele ADO. 

Pies bree ele emma hice rbebliniter, peetereis Mite ere xlocc cust <ikiel et eiaia\aiv oyee-ayeravevels: e'alure® 254 

ANSTO Garg NER VA GIET 5 fey Bab ah Sy SACI ny OCR OTE nary ae irae 254 

Piiiow A VeMEEL AIOE] LITT eral eh tarts sctete tyekarots io icield< sisiere's see cae» 254 

MAS Gain, COYOTE 6 Stati cB ORCI GG Rien Oe RRS RO Re ee ne as ea 254 


vi TABLE OF CONTENTS 


‘Tribe V0 -Dirhimint. <e0%,.¢.6 od ane ore en ee ne ee eee 257 

Table of Genera’ 2.0: sca es Sida Fe ee ee, Seen ae eee 257 

Family LX) “Warytomidee: 5:0. oie trie aes eS = ies te eee oe eee ec 
Table of 'Tribess. 2.00 8.004 oe sree Ss rw os OO en ae ee ee 258 
Tribe: Ty AAT 58 pated Sse eet ec Syosset ee ee 258 
Tablecof (Genera -c.ioves os a cote ele Biohes She aoe eee 258 
TPribeEL.; * Weosominy:. 5 5:27 ucheze 2s sepa eicietejegeseacteneyeto ru oy rel erent Mee eee etter 259 

Table of Genetat.\ sacs stoic ce he ls ee oe I ee ee 259 

Rribew Els Biuny tonne] ee erie eer er ictec ee eee eo eae eee 260 
TableatGeneraas sicaihal okie etude oor cao OTe eros eee Ee ee 261 

Mribe UVi, WRileyanispeterct- tee cieks or cieere perenne tenons hacen IeNcitt  erenteae 263 

Table: of \Genieras siti ssa ek SE eae A Slo tarcke ese nee e TEL eee ee 264 

Tables V;;; “Decatominis <5 soiree al oes ee oe Oe ere 265 
Tablevol Generad os scic occ a ie iantd etter Sates ras aie ae oie 265 

Family LXV; © Perilamipidse sso) a 0. oreo sis a niente ee i anon eae ee 265 
Mable of Gener 05 0s een Ee ea ee ee 266 
Pamily (LX: V <9 BinehiartGaee wicce.< ache woes) sy taauay Me onac3.o abaneynge aaegeteel aha eee 266 
Mablenok Generar socks sales koe ee eee eee ee ERO en ka ee 267 
Family LXV I. “Miscogasteridei. 3 ssw sinc a) atlierae a) apse ts a Seana pepe cue aee are 270 
Tablesof.Subfamilies), sc.ccstee os ako ceachn tier Scene Oe err ere ae ae Priel 
Subfamily 0. * Penis. sea. 2.2 oot ete on cnet obabs penance tei eee een Parl 
Table-of Generan. 3. acc cerce os knits oe Oe ee eerie Dea 
SHintmplhe lie AbeGhipibias once Cosoanel sododossdacoscosomopodedosas 272 
TablecofDribesiak . oe ce eo eh rk, IS ia lao Sears Ronee eee 273 

Abinto KI MiGh pin GAACAsOmcmoomacanatad cagpdoequbponon cacy € 273 

Mableyot' Genera :sy22 even speak sain ake Oo TO Oe eee 273 

Mrtbenll.:, . Metastemini. 22.:ccok a c.5.6 chk cco poretaeeue aerate rota SPC one ere 275 

Table lot! Genera. ced ecco eels cht Soe a IE Oe eee 275 

Subfamily ILI, Miscogasterinm .!.\..<,< oon lesa | ot fauee See cts eer ee 276 

Table of: Bri bees sa verufocale week sck AC eeoy r eeyaie Ra eR eee Dili 

Tribe 1,! “Halticopierini. <2. -): rae a Siesta oth ain, tee ete ie eee PATEL 

Table ‘of Genera, ipo. elec ed, oe eee a en ee 277 

Tribe II. Miscogasterin! Oe Ee re nA mea Aa Saco de 278 
‘TablevofiGenerais os iciando cca CaS Ole ee ee RO Cn Re ee eee 278 

Subfamily WViy Welapinse: eyes 1c ates etter liens aie eee ee 279 
TablesofGenerasjac 2. «<5 2, nel ansliena cae oc eewe eee earn eee er re 279 

Bamily a xeViii:; \Gleonynitdsets. <5 ee one ene clei eeepc sete ee 280 
‘Table.of Stibfamilltes io) s5-).. ease. 2 ow te ereye eee oo een ieee Cae eee 280 
Subfamily I. (Chalcedectins se )esc,nicteis siete oe arene eter eee 281 

Table. of Generads cos ik. 3.0 es eo ie ee Oe ee ee 281 
Subfamily’ Ti’) (@leonyminse ss <i glee arte Roce er ners ra eee 282 

Table: of (Genera <i -cstcre cepacia ase ee ee Oe 282 
Subfamily We Pelecinelliimses sic ceesvateceeeie stayed ete pee eee 285 
Subfamily. [iV (Colotmechnine 7505 2.58 ecise eeetcl -hecieaete eeeean ee 285 
Family LoxXoV ELD Bmoeyrtidse yee cae esate iors ere vareta ols ook cee e el ee eae 286 


Table of Subfamualies sf s2.c 5 ade a alates ene Cuan ace as ear tot oko Arte atoh once etter ane none 286 


TABLE OF CONTENTS vil 


Spur mea valine UIP ELOVIN Sowerater-verers chika, «cg oy nereN eto caste seekec= ve extuele aicets Sele 287 
RAD exOte len Des eepy oer havin ora Stee rate eS re oon a @ tie. babies aus esd Siemens 287 
dnrben eerie lminte sree cree ters ccspa-a si oiafarcua sdelerarlorseel nase ei aie Soete: 287 
AAR. EEN, GAS SEB bce a tit Gan OA OICHe Ono es Oe kone SE Een cae 287 

ripen lee aria gstierainntrs papstever a ciara a steps share ever ae ey Siows ayn seeeimctaae Bese 291 
ab levois Genera peers cr reer, hates eictausy ore 0 MS ale rele Beas ea was 291 
Sunni DUES: DT aH eae Aiseibin cents oC Ronee RIS Mc nck or eoS er SOP aoe 292 
Mableco teres seers aec year rcere tee tet si aicvt oi As. ox soll any einai shane Silene SMEG 292 
Eitasi pers le mes CEDORN ITI eepeteas te eyeeee class stess Gon'c. osha er oa 5 SeSIR AR oene tae eee ehemetereits 292 
ula akon CHELAN Pa eats an cheerios ee aie: ot ocheve cine Olek aay Acne oe aiuad aba ae 293 

ANY Mig” “Ny ine Ale 6, cect Oe aa poe a acdooue Soboou eel! 
Peay tote Generale tnacca smear tected ate a ete aiccstarsialalecss Maree sett eta ate 297 

A Brand oysy JUG) Rt 14 arial Sac SPS cin EES eRe Ina eE as Ain Chard Oo ciaiicear oleic 298 
Mia Leto fel Gren Greer rey srarciey tis) aire te enero hate Leta cavaboneet eee tant aronetions 298 
JbaloalWo,  Zwaditaneie aah Soret ees on al eeu s SOO dob os Too ciGe 311 
PD locos Gremeravetn «arsteccraictiiclccdeus ator aus carat ovata ot ahaa Mt so Oe eee 311 
Staite be Wier OEliiee es sz chee + cslies w'a Draketncote whayeicle' = erate as bore wieele Sula 
inten IDDUDS. . TetenOGhsoion setae oe Ea bean bobo ons used po oaosouduce 311 
SRabletatesupranaies teria syn cake, seh creme acc 2) coe th Pon Pelee uins ee Reine emia ty arch see 312 
pS eaanaverenaige Bee OE ber a Vuicpenthse io fi ced aera = eG) a SET Sea ate, OS ccea ered. oldl 5 ayers 312 
Warp sley Ota Meni es eaves sere. oats eh wee eke ec aae Socucsens ane) neta onan aE rc ol aie S318} 
Thee dl.’ MIG MAINA cn. nog b Boga gbnd Co bMmue gc oND megud 6feoen etc oe 

MY DEB 2s aS US PEN VAN Tot. Coat aye OR Eee oR REC RE RRTicniry tee Presa Iotael eae cer Sime Rou a 313 

invlog JO, Isai ils cionas 6 peo ob6 GOdae de cd s0Io Sueradusiges adc 315 
Sab evo tereniense sae cote cta sc ee Ger ataiehe Sa Sia Loman Fancinlereeeese S15) 315 

shrew Uleerm A rtelamieeeentsgeclowters a x occas teva sreseiey ae Aol oreile leew ienay ieee aaa aly 
TIER Gaye CE paiva eee teh crc RRL ea ee ORS Ea ernie eames ol 

rte we Vepec ie COPOrTa linia set ovesic, siaretouenavciel ete ere stoner a tas Pet's Cade: cremcdciaiinns\ aay se 318 
alerts] ene tan Grenieriney mets vere arere arate each aesreh vont a eer actay elena eee tals Se 318 
Stomimilky ING WI Wainesn Goa obo omc og etodopon pacp etme OE AICO.G 318 
Valerie meribesscweeterielorenate isa cia clans fos a olereuearatae Sretes Rete Boag Clase yecenets 322 
Mrerbies Us a RU BIMOCEMIN Ny sere. « Sfoiaiy: = Shee incaeihietepseteced erate Raskeaa et Spas 5 eenla 5 et 
ableroHe Generar ke cittede fre sale c.cl cist ene aictereretalcdenBs Piers stasis Se eue OAD 

iri besiiamme ly lenisiniamer ncetecrt acter tie cet a ctehe ess aire ctenatch dares Sula ath os 323 
Mealy en Ober CELA page a caer aes Die eee Mite cree cyehe ete and Sis: ailare: test evere 323 

Avelyn Ut, © IEC JENN Joon ules tho aon bo bb.So Onm Be arn oro nace ra 
Tab levotm Generate nt eer isics hc vicle Cities chile aiew ce hee aes Oe 

Ser aor Deanne (AN CNN te Oa ayes Eee een en le a eieyeterals 8 as AWais aR A Hee 8 OBO 
DRY ay Cesa P( GHSTENR hess Sept CHT SrCkcne COLO CS RCAC RE ORO cit ny EER RO ae a 
Subfamily IV. Sphegigasterine ................ Soetoro cay coeeoreat eee 327 
PAD LEOLMILCINGR SNIP ENC et ecen te Ie rol. ge ene clt siclelsoiaeeahtiwcrs oh eeyet os DO 
Cee aE oe Pte cits cee Aube She afta isd elas t.e Male ca aee kee see Boe 

AR nseaye (Grants ao eee is RO wea eR Pane ere 

DRYING Sle pe ACU VAICULUNE cree hae Sie dace Wipe Wiese eve cee ead wie anes wees 329 
iat] EMOTO CIS MEER ear hea cis ORR PEIN WATS slureh.¥.s cera stands OLO 
Pikes) AR PME MEBELELIDN dic. s oases me eee tele ss Oe recd sees ries OOO 


vill TABLE OF CONTENTS 


Table of Gemera ini jced ices ce cyaga ines she oo oe Rete oe ee eee 330 

Tribe: EV: “Cratomini:; 30 jcc oOo Oo he ae ee eee iene ae 332 
Table. of ‘“Generay.s0s2 ts cate eee ee arene Eee er eee te 332 
Subfamily FV. (Spalanptine:. 22.6 jc e 22:5. es eee ans ee eerie BBE 
Table: of Generans sss cc Seto Sees Eel eel rege Eee Se TS OI eae eee 333 
Subfamily (V-), (Diparinw: ssc. pie eee ee ere tie ieee tee ee 334 
Tableiof ‘Generatce 2 hice fetes Chea ne oe ete 334 
amily: 1Xox = Bilasmaidas 5,4 ste aie is set etic fee een ene ere ey eee 335 
Tablesof ‘(Generanyevice cis) oo ee ot eee ee ee 335 
Letras bia 62. @.4 Baal onil() eich ison pa nieGotonede na adscsopocduadadscodsaconcgons tb 
ARN eorteroul oie iil (Om wats metoks ooo Obie oo hea nko es ch hale nee 337 
Subfamily, Us ented ominser yen pone ter Weta te vee ears eee eee eee eae 337 
Table of “Eiribes.s sti.o1.s a eavovecSicrctere, ue RR ene Oe coe Ree enti ee aes 337 
Tribe Ws Letracampimt’s soc <r) -ponetst-poi oes eee vane ele cr aetna een eee eae 337 
Table‘ of! Genera) 3 soc iests bn ea A Oe eee eae 338 

Tribe Li.y (Omphalantc ..3-1oc.n. au ere ee ee ee 338 
Table"of Genera. . serio he dic ante Pana eee ae eee 309 

Tribe EhL,< Bnted oni ise ao ses sti cra, Pato Sel a ee aie a Ree 340 
Table of (Gieniera sac, fg ~ 5 sete Sr Serer ee eee et ne Sa 340 

Tribe EV.) | Pediobitinis.eces feo tean eit Se ee eee ted cee ee 343 
Subfamily £1. -Aiphelinine. 2.2 Sere ate 22 ees iw ee ee Pe ee eee 344 
Table of “Eres ie. store ch secs nas Se ie oe eee ee he O45 
Tribe I.) Aphelinint® .p.<'- 2 foca.8 ego hee oe eee are ee ee 345 
Table Of: Genelasck ete ats ose d SO ee ee eee eee 345 

Drbe We] —Pteroperieini acres notes eee ee ee et eee eee ee 347 
Table of Genera inc 0s 6:00 ca ore eS EE ee AL 
Subfamily TE, Tetrastichinses. .... oa ad ie ae oe ee 347 
"Table Of Tribes -0'so.0.5.¢ deans ot 2a Oe Eee eee 347 
Tribe L. - ‘Ceratoneurini:< <3.602. 3 6 Soe eee ee eee 347 
Tribe EL. "Létrastichinits 22.5% ae ose oe ee eee eee 347 
Table of) Generay) 2550's Sat OR ee eee 348 
Sabfamily DV. Blachertins: 2. 2% s+ = -Sciseie ta nra tree ee ee 350 
Table of Tribes ca.):2.5.. S550 cas ocelot eee ee Eee Eee 351 
Tribe I.» Buplectrini. 2.2055 a6. & 5) caso ean = fe ey ote pet gee 351 
Mableof (Genera oss ches onic See Coon eee nee a} Sig eee 351 

Tribe EE, Opbelinini: :).se../s-j52 for ek eles speeds = ee Sea ee 
Table of Genera. ...':-5-canoe hPa ode Dee RE ee LenS ae 

Tribe PE Wlachertint «236% a5 0e eee , baul's east Ae Bene Oe 
Table,.or, Genera: 52. <:5::,<:4 ala actos ale oe ee Mee eitlan ee See eee 354 
Subfamily “V.. ulophine..... «0.05 seetbton cates - ce oie er ieee 
Table of. Tribes s: 62 vjec oA Sersens © alee ee her re ee: ee eee eee te 
Tribe WL... Hulophint...:.3, 5...5:.c.. alee se eee a eee ke 356 
Table. of \Genera’s itis cadu, 0 anit Sen eo oe In ee 356 

Tribe LL. “Elemiptarsenini.\5 3702 a pacino ne ee ane eer 358 
Table .of Genera: 5 scs6 ann dons ee ee es 


Family LACXIL ) ‘Triehogrammidie:.<o. <5 oadss-ainraine iefals, | <iatcke nee 358 


ix - 


TABLE OF CONTENTS 
SEACH IMD LAM CRM ern percret dears: saa eens ic iie (teen neem era evens otis mules erate ve ate ood, e 359 
‘Stiateninlie Ts, lO lire Saniey oi Meetenn eiaermicer gos te Se dice mn CEI aoe Cee 359 
sleet LOnOle Greneneererat se ese sates ape crate, ee. occa e aun ore eniraDas ep Nes Slee ds 359 
Supiamilya Wl eesuor cho mrearmauiince pint years sts cise tae eeracie cis crevice mi ¢sereis oe 360 
Blatt ee Oty Gren creteenn cies et on ta ala ho uw esaits oxen in, wleveieiesPe Gear: BSUS x00" er0r6 360 
COST STS Bib. d A a SSI Ba TEI De oe at a 361 
SSB e Digi rainltee sf wate eae. Ge are Lets ee kg) aay sie Wie bre eee: +8 ean oe 362 
SHEN eE MIL as OHALOCER UNIO toh Bets ast is + + sis s ejay wee ecwe wie ea kw oes ee 362 
sPablexo tain bese ttee truss ieee ee eis iene 2ehch ays Fe vesecee es atagniane ones wists 362 
iPuibew les Quctoninime trates toad re, giannis che < ci bie aandies a, ogee eis Se powele hal 362 
alee Ofe Gauci tcmrure tot corp ota ocrcinte aio chat aimeanrayecorers Giais. dior 362 
gRripealie ss Gran ttoceniittyatyamtr cts cess te cusses eres ae sae S aiele Vey vesiaveyens whe s 362 
Hab lesa ha Genenavamiar raat. tei of AM A A faycie Pee leg treet, Cutie onate Be 362 
EO Diatell yee MUNN eee ees ots IS oc Sey Waaiw ahs yeas EAS oa 363 
PADRE Aye IAs ee ate CARNE sre Seat cca Gh th pate eae n mecatathy eons Eocbe Altes 363 
Biol eM OTH 4s Soon eietetls Geer ete RR MONO IE pease Cae ee OTe Coe 363 
ptableromGenerasens wear sete te Asie oe aay casas oer OSs vier 363 
Ay opel PONS cts thn Be. Oreo Acdae i, Biniese Deas oe We eee See, 5 363 
Aleta Genera see eee entree artes te ci ereeae Siecle re etic 363 
Genera unknown to author and! not classified)..........-2.+.-- eee cee reese cece 364 
Genera incorrectly placed with ‘Chaloidoides, . 0.0... 02 cess eee detec cdieweees 364 
WiteratiTerandeAlb DEC VIALlONs ackaperr wen on tai N wc a) crdicoe a2e'c, fre alse tientitess a he eley ame ieee 522 
Bibliography of genera alphabetically arranged................00 eevee cece ee ees 365 
AEE egee SOUL A menicany @halcidoidedenyas vite gt aio ones ours wt yeneorisie eielsr ee eters 394 
Family [Nee AHROILG cee Symmes rataeh sc ccl aleidy a gates wisls areaaopace lest: wise ates 394 
Family TUNG Tere vin sees estar et Heo ee fev aicas he nc one Vet aagitae SgaWeralen eerste elie 395 
Family | WPS on) LCM EIOTENG Lois eres ts oleae Raita oan acer ae Stcache NG RUSE ENCE OIC tack 402 
LEE SCCp UNG ey 9201 TEL ARS Fig 0) c 700 FY a ea i ar a 458 
Barrie ve SME NG AV soe LUAU TOL CG GOs totes cte ve NC cra cre, Sst apsute abe ec dav ci chet ocelot wledeye: wuss ards 467 
Family WEEMON pesados oyna mange forave le cuiec® aiarsie qiekage she claheyt pie, so ciosens. See 4 » 467 
ara yam NG Viale INGO Caste nIC cere cerns) alov<- cyeiai<re age) etareiels < shekaienetcts @'si\slebs.s) «oars « 474 
LS ag) be AY WG) oF ya 0 on eee ec Se ake 483 
Bieri byes eNO VATA pein oy tl sein 3, rete ener ays ci elev ohcictere aye catia te Srameisdele Mars staaner4 4 oa ems 486 
STAR Sl 02.3 Sem soy ne CU PaO a a ee a I 497 
Family IEDR “LB EIS nih Eos eaewal Ae pone eencio ae OG hoeis 7 DI ORNS DA Reece 502 
Reo | TUSSI. Tnilayal Nees ac nic dan eo BOR oc.o Abit om Aube Boku Oce ic oOome 503 
Pavers ADOT Abit eean i Clse as eo ao oe Gre Oe wee Seo. Ole Siew ia TaicacO Orcnenen 521 
AFG rent vague Leese MtLemmmes VS YUN Srey aan See AtE ier ian nS ata ats ls ahs) cakac a, cxsatevsisieisiaysiislahs. 6241 52] 
LUTE CUD TRENDS ao Gao teboheneoter oe tra Prono. cee clans Arcee, Se tee nn oe ey a oa aca 522 
Repeal PNR, eee era Onin iai ee aie Os ales cites CE) Ks Seine pusaiees cues 5383 


2 


ERRATA ET CORRIGENDA. 


Page 240, line 27, Ofetesella should read Ofitesella. 

Page 254, line 30, Anacryptua should read Anaeryptus. 

Page 261, line 43, Prodecotoma should read Prodecatoma. 

Page 293, line 40, (type Phanodescus) should read Phenodiscus. 

Page 297, line 7, Tetracnemoidea Ashmead should read Tetracnemoidea Howard. 

Page 318, line 7, Nasonia Ashwood should read Nasonia Ashmead, 

Page 335, line 33, Australia should read Australian. 

Page 339, line 20, Roudani should read Rondani. 

Page 342, line 2, Asecodas should read Asecodes. 

Page 347, line 3, Tetrastechinz should read Tetrastichine. 

Page 355, line 7, Stenomesioidea should read Stenomesioideus. 
Page 362, line 9, Abdomen petiolate should read abdomen sessile or subsessile. 

Page 364, line 38, Diplalepis should read Diplolepis. 

Page 365, line 1, (= Megastigmus Dalman) should read (= Megaspilus Westwood). 
Page 371, line 13, (= Kriechbaumenella Dalla Torre) should read (= Kriechbaumerella). 
‘Page 373, line 31, Hnargopelte should read Huargopelte. 

Page 377, line 32, (type HH. dichrous Thomson) should read (type H. niger Ashmead). 
Page 380, line 5, Lymnenon should read Lymncon. 

Page 389, line 15, (type Malea Ashm.) should read mellea. 

Page 400, line 19, Plesiostigmodus should read Plesiostigmodes, 

Page 496, line 7, Parencyrtus brasiliensis sp. nov. should read Parencyrtus brasiliensis Ashmead, 
Page 502, line 14, Subfamily V. should read Subfamily TV. 

Page 505, line 6, verticellatus should read verticillatus. 

Page 537, line 14, Dimmoctia should read Dimmockia. 


NOTE BY THE AUTHOR. 


Some pages of my MS. were lost, either in transmitting or in the printing office, and some 
species in the Index do not appear in the body of this work. These are : 

Decatoma equiramulis Mayr, D. breviramulis Mayr, D. longiramulis Mayr, Spilochaleis mesomela 
Walk., Ceratosmicra flava Ashmead, and C. Koeblei Ashm. 

To the Bibliography of the Genera should be added : 
ApreroLeLaps Ashmead, Fauna Hawaiiensis, I., 1901, p. 312 (type A. nigriceps Ashm.). 
Aseiba Cameron ( = Cerchysius Westw. teste Howard), Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., [., 1889, p. 127. 
Brucuosius Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 314 (type B. laticeps Ashm.). 
Nerocatotaccus Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 320 (type Catolaccus tyloderme Ashm.). 
NeoLevaps Ashmead, Fauna Hawaiiensis, I., 1901, p.312 (type N. hawaiiensis Ashm.). 
Packardiella Ashmead, n. n. for Pteratomus Packard, ante, p. 364 (type Pteratomus putnamii 


Pack.). 
Tetracnemoidea Howard, Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., XXI., 1898, p. 233 (type T. australiensis 
Howard). 


Westwoodella Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 359 (type Oligosita subfasciata Westw.). 
Xanthoatomus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante p. 360 (type Y. albipes Ashm.). 


X1 


ae 
eee Labs om 


MEMOLIRS 


OF THE 


CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 


VOL. 4: NO. 4. 


CLASSIFICATION OF THE SUPERFAMILY CHALCIDOIDEA. 
By Wm. Harris AsHmeap, A. M. 


INTRODUCTION. 


About fourteen years ago Mr. Herbert H. Smith placed in my hands for study 
part of his extensive collection of South American parasitic Hymenoptera, repre- 
senting the old families Proctotrypidxe, Cynipidx and Chalcidide. The collection was 
a valuable one and when I took it I confidently expected to find time to finish with 
it within two or three years; but so much other material was thrust upon me for 
study that I found it a physical impossibility to do it justice in that length of time ; 
only a few short papers on it have been published. The work accomplished during 
these past fourteeen years has I think fully demonstrated that I have not been idle, 
my knowledge of the groups, genera, and species of the Hymenoptera has greatly 
increased and broadened, and I now feel better able to do justice to the splendid col- 
lection received so many years ago. 

The Herbert H. Smith collection of insects, made in South America, repre- 
senting nearly all orders, has been acquired by the Carnegie Museum, Pitts- 
burgh, Pa., and much to my regret, the many fine species, except a set of dupli- 
cates in my hands, and which I had always hoped might be secured by the 
National Museum, must go to that Museum. Dr. W. J. Holland, the Director 
of the Carnegie Museum, desires now that I complete my work as soon as pos- 
sible and return the material in my possession. In acceding to this request I 
have stipulated that he publish my classification of the chalcid-flies, or the Super- 
family Chalcidoidea, as a part of this work, and it is through his liberality that 
I am able to give so many fine illustrations and present in a more attractive form 


my ideas on the classification of another great complex in the Order Hymenoptera. 
225 


226 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


The Proctotrypoidea, and _Cynipoidea in the collection will be described in another 
paper. 

In this contribution I have restricted myself to elucidating the chalcid-flies and 
have divided it into two parts. ‘The first part is devoted to a classification of the 
superfamily Chalcidoidea; the second part deals with the South American Chalci- 
doidea. In this latter part, besides my report upon the Herbert H. Smith collection, 
the descriptions of the new genera and species, is given a complete bibliographical 
catalogue of all the known South American species. 


PART I. CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID-FLIES, OR THE 
SUPERFAMILY CHALCIDOIDEA. 


Among the ten great groups or superfamilies of the Hymenoptera, recognized by 
the author, there is none so large numerically, more important economically, or so 
difficult to study and classify as the superfamily Chalcidoidea or the Chalcid-flies. 
The species exist everywhere not by hundreds, but by thousands and millions, and 
they are probably of far greater importance, from an economic standpoint, than are 
the Ichneumonoidea or ichneumon-flies. 

Only a few of them, comparatively speaking, are in any sense injurious, a single 
minor group, the tribe Jsosomini, in the family Eurytomide, alone being injurious 
to vegetation. All the others, except the fig-insects forming the family Agaonidz, 
the Megastigminx, a subfamily in the Torymide, and some few hyperparasitic 
genera in different families, being genuine parasites and beneficial to man. It is 
true, however, that some of the chalcid-flies destroy a few beneficial insects, but the 
vast majority of the known species destroy mostly the injurious species in the 
other orders, 7. ¢., the Coleoptera, the Lepidoptera, the Diptera, the Rhynchota, 
etc.; they attack the eggs, the larvee, and the pupze, and in some cases even the 
imagoes of their hosts, and their value to many great industries of the world cannot 
easily be estimated. Who, for example, can estimate the value of the fig-insects to 
the fig industry of the United States? Through the efforts of Dr. L. O. Howard 
and Mr. W. T. Swingle, of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the caprifier of the 
Smyrna fig, Blastophaga psenes Linné (grossorwm Gravenhorst), has been successfully 
introduced into the fig-orchards of California, and the experiments already made 
fully demonstrate the great value this little chalcid-fly has to the fig industry. It 
is evidently destined to revolutionize fig-growing in the United States, making it 
exceedingly profitable, and, on account of the superiority of the American-grown 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 227 


Smyrna fig pollenized by these Chalcid-flies, will in time diminish the impor- 
tation of the Smyrna fig. The Megastigmine too, I suspect, are like the fig- 
insects, and will be found to be of great importance as pollenizers of various plants 
and trees. 

At present the known genera and species of the Chalcidoidea are considerably 
less in number than are the _Ichneumonoidea recently classified by the writer; but 
this is due simply to the fact that the literature on the subject, in various languages, 
is widely scattered, in many foreign journals, magazines, proceedings of learned 
societies, etc., and the minute size of most of the species and the difficulty of their 
study, have deterred entomologists from giving them any attention. Only a little 
over 5,000 species have been described. 

If we look back for a century and a half we find comparatively few who have given 
much attention to these “atoms of creation,” and of these a few names only stand 
out conspicuously as students of this great complex. The study of the group began 
about one hundred and fifty years ago with Linnzeus in Sweden and with Geoffroy 
in France. Linné, or Linneeus, in his Systema Natura, tenth edition, published in 
1758, described several species under his genera Ichnewmon, Cynips, Sphex, ete. 
Others took up their study, and an interest in them was aroused in Sweden, Austria, 
Germany, France, Italy, and England. In Sweden, besides Linné, Swederus, Fabri- 
cius, Zetterstedt, Dalman, Boheman, Dahlbom and Thomson did much valuable 
work in the group; in Germany, Klug, Nees von Esenbeck, Bouché, Ratzeburg, and 
Foérster—the last mentioned, the greatest systematic worker in the group; in Austria, 
Reinhard and Mayr; in Russia, Motschulsky ; in France, Geoffroy, Latreille, Fons- 
colombe, Perty, Guérin, Giraud, Sichel, and André ; in Italy, Spinola and Rondani ; 
in England, Curtis, Haliday, Westwood, Walker, Saunders, Kirby, and Cameron ; 
and in America, Say, Fitch, Cresson, Walsh, Riley, Provancher, Howard, and Ash- 
mead. <A few others might be mentioned, but those specified are the ones whose 
names stand out prominently as adding materially to our knowledge of the group 
during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. 

For years I have been studying this great complex and in the following pages 
have attempted to define the families, subfamilies, tribes, and genera of the world. 
The work has been a gigantic and most laborious one, necessitating the microscopic 
examination of many thousands of these minute creatures; but if it shall be found 
that I have brought some order into their classification, that I shall excite an 
interest in the collecting of the many thousands still unknown, and that I shall 
stimulate others to study them, my time has not been wasted and I shall be amply 
repaid. 


228 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Superramity VII. CHALCIDOIDEA. 
1758. Cynips, Linné (partim), Syst. nat., Ed. 10%, L, p. 343. 
1802-05. Diplolepaires, Familie soixante deuxiéme (partim) Latreille, Hist. Nat. 
Crust. et Ins., XIII., p. 198. 
1802-05. Cynipseres, Familie soixante-troisiéme (partim), opus. cit., p. 211. 
1809. Diplolepariz, Familia quinta (partim) Latreille, Gen. Crust. et Ins., IIL., p. 15. 
1809. Cynipsera, Familia sexta (partim) Latreille, opus. cit., supra, p. 21. 
1811. Diploleparia, Familia (partim) Spinola, Ann. du Mus. Natur., XVII, p. 138. 
1320. Pteromalini, Familia (partim) Dalman, Kongl. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. HandL, p. 


132. 
1825. Chalcidites, Quatriéme Tribu (partim) Latreille, Fam. Natur. d. Régne anim., 
p. 446. 


1830. Chaleida, Family, Leach, Edinb. Encycel., IX., p. 144. 

1840. Chalcidide, Family, Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., II., p. 154. 

1846. Chalcidites, Order, Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, L., p. 1. 

1856. Chalcidize, Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., pp. 1-90. 

1875. Pteromalide, Familia, Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., p. 3. 

1877. Chaleidita, Tribe 4, Forster, Ueber den Syst. Werth d. Fliigelg. bei d. Hym., 
Peato: 

1886. Chalcididee, Family, Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 197. 

1897. Chalcidoidea, Superfamily VII., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 
p. 243. 

TABLE OF FAMILIES. 


1. Hind wings exceedingly narrow, linear, pedunculate at base; ovipositor issuing from beneath just anterior 
to tip of abdomen ; antennz without a ring-joint, the scape rather small, short, compressed...... 12 
Hind wings never very narrow, nor linear, not pedunculate at base ; ovipositor issuing far anterior to 
the tip of abdomen ; antennz elbowed, with 1, 2, or 3 ring-joints, very rarely without, the scape 
large ‘and ‘rather Woug: ... 2.5.4 ceisic de.oih etre Sits fnle-ats flere aiatede tee let Ieee cere eee ae 

2. Axille triangularly produced or advanced forward into the basal region of the scapul, their base or 
anterior margin on or in advance of an imaginary line drawn from tegula to tegula; anterior tibial 

spur most frequently small or weak ; tarsi 3-4-jointed, rarely 5-jointed or heteromerous............ 10 
Axillsze normal, or at least never produced forward into the basal region of the scapulz, their base or 
anterior margin straight and always back of an imaginary line drawn from tegula to tegula; 
anterior tibial spur large and strong; tarsi 5-jointed (rarely 4-jointed, or 3- or 4-jointed in some 
Wingless males). 5.6.5.6 1d,-0e'sie evecare wd /b10 a)» 5 o:sle.e, 0.0) 90, ofe-ave, ciefelo eleyetel aie aadets are ela ce Rie aene 

3. Head in 2 oblong, with a deep, broad longitudinal furrow above, the occipital margin superiorly, 
usually with a small recurved tubercle or spine at its middle; mandibles or palpi most frequently 
furnished with saw-like appendages; anterior and posterior legs very stout, their tibise very much 


shorter than their femora, the middle legs very slender, sometimes aborted ; hypopygium very 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 229 


prominent, acute, cultriform or lanceolate ; ovipositor long, prominently exserted; ¢' always 
apterous, the head anteriorly with a deep triangular fovea, in which are placed the short 3-9-jointed 
antenne ; the abdomen in the <¢ is broadly sessile, long and tubular, thickened at base, or 
broadened apically with a tubercle or filament at each apical angle.......Family LX. AGAoNID&®. 
Head rarely oblong and quite differently formed, never with a deep broad longitudinal furrow above, 
most frequently transverse, or subquadrate, the occipital margin never with a small recurved spine ; 
mandibles and palpi without saw-like appendages ; middle legs not especially slender, the anterior 
and posterior legs are often stout, but their tibiz are always longer, at least never shorter than 
their femora; hypopygium rarely very prominent; 3 most frequently winged, rarely apterous ; in 
the latter case the abdomen is normal, not long and tubular, 
Mesopleura large, entire, without a femoral furrow, except occasionally in some males, the 
hestpts ermim large, triangular, not extending to base of front coxse; middle tibial spur 
saltatorial, most frequently long and stout, or dilated at base. ......................... 8 
Mesopleura always with a femoral furrow or impression, the mesepisterntin variable, rarely 
large, except in the Cleonymidx, most frequently small, wedge-shaped, or linear and extend- 
ing to base of front coxre; if large’and triangular, either the anterior or the posterior femora 
are much swollen ; middle tibial spur not saltatorial, usually short or weak, never very stout. 
Hind tibize with 2 apical spurs, rarely with 1 only; in the latter case the radius termi- 
nates in a large, rounded stigma, the ovipositor very long.....................248. 4 
Hind tibize with 1 apical spur ; ovipositor rarely long ; if long the stigma is small,..., 9 
4. Mandibley faleate, usually with 1 or 2 teeth within; thorax most frequently very gibbous, the 
scutellum usually very large, often abnormally developed, elevated and produced posteriorly, the 
axillze connate, not distinctly separated from the surrounding surface and broadly united along 
Mandibles usually 3-4-dentate at apex, rarely faleate, with 1 or 2 teeth within ; thorax not, or very 


AHEM NMOL SINAN CIN pe emayetatete eres siavele) nib nies sts (ois e\aimts. sieieia aja sinhe Salah efe ptoi tele we ete 


slightly, gibbous, the axille distinctly separate, their inner margins most frequently widely 
separated, very rarely touching. 

Hind coxie rarely much larger than the anterior cox, most frequently smaller or equal; if 
much larger, the pronotum is elongate, mesepisternum large, the hind legs very long, the 
postmarginal vein very long; ovipositor very rarely prominent. ."................-.2.... 5 

Hind cox: very large and long, usually five or six times larger than the anterior coxie. 

Hind cox subtriquetrous, or at least compressed into a sharp ridge above ; hind femora 
rarely very much swollen, and most frequently simple, rarely with one large tooth or den- 
ticulate beneath ; hind tibia usually straight ; abdomen most frequently subcompressed 
(more rarely depressed), with a long ovipositor ; if without an exserted ovipositor, the 


abdomen is conical or conic-ovate with a peculiar sculpture, the radius (stigmal vein) 


usually very short, the hind tibise at apex normal......... Family LXI. ToryMiIpx= 


Hind coxze usually very long and subeylindrical ; hind femora always much swollen and 
most frequently armed with teeth beneath or finely serrated, rarely without teeth ; 
hind tibiz strongly curved and obliquely truncately produced at apex, so that the tarsi 
seem to be attached a little before tips; abdomen of various shapes, most frequently 
conical or conic-oyate, more rarely globose, or oblong-oval, the ovipositor very rarely 
prominent; radius variable, rarely very short.......... Family LXII. CHALcrpIp®. 

5. Pronotum rarely transverse quadrate, conical or conically produced anteriorly, or very short, trans- 


verse linear, and very much narrowed medially, rarely as wide as the mesonotum.............. 7 


230 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Pronotum large, quadrate or transverse quadrate, never very short, if somewhat shortened always as 


wide as the mesonotum. 
Pronotum quadrate or subquadrate ; abdomen in 9° not triangulated, either globose, ovate, conic- 


ovate or lanceolate and compressed or subcompressed, the hypopygium most frequently 
prominent plowshare-shaped ; second dorsal segment never very large ; mandibles not strong, 
most frequently 4-dentate................0ce+eeeeeee+----s Family LXIM. EurRyTomip2. ° 
Pronotum shorter, more transverse and as wide as the mesonotum ; abdomen in 9 most frequently 
triangulated, or globose, the second and third segments occupying most of the dorsal surface, 
the following very short and more or less retracted within the third; hypopygium not 
prominent ; mandibles 2- or 3-dentate at apex.....-...-.-+++5 Family LXIV. PERILAMPID2. 
6. Second abdominal segment very large and most frequently enclosing the following ; coxe not large, 
subglobose, nearly equal ; all legs very slender; radius scarcely developed, its stigma sessile or sub- 
SOSSULO', sten.5 555 os0ra;'2'5' cia, <dilara ee isis ode. ca 51 Sis cise Scaislarel le delehele wie ree te oiaib ire le a SEE LILLY IE a he EORTC ACRE as 
7. Mesepisternum not large, triangular ; anterior femora never much swollen, the posterior femora also 
normal or only slightly swollen ; marginal vein in hind wings usually long, the costal cell not reach- 
ing to the hooklets or spinulze and most frequently very narrow ; radius well developed. 
Family LX VI. MiscoGAsTERID&. 
Mesepisternum large, triangular; either the anterior or the posterior femora are much swollen and 
sometimes toothed, or both are swollen with the hind femora toothed ; if with slender legs, the hind 
legs are very long, their cox long, cylindrical, while the radius (stigmal vein) in front wings is 
very short, with the postmarginal vein very long extending to the apex of the wing (Pelecinella). 
Family LX VII. CLEONYMIDZ. 
8. Mesonotum either depressed, with more or less distinct parapsidal furrows, the scapulz longitudinally 
ridged, or conyex or subconvex, entirely without furrows, rarely convex with distinct furrows ; 
axillee most frequently meeting at inner basal angles, rarely very widely separated. 
Family LX VIII. Encyrtip. 
9. Mesonotum subeonyex with incomplete or complete parapsidal furrows ; hind coxze rarely much larger 
than the front coxze ; axilla separated, not meeting at inner basal angles; mesepisternum usually 
small, wedge-shaped or triangular ; hind wings with a long marginal vein ; mandibles usually stout, 
8- or 4-dentate ‘at apex. - 20... ccc sc ee euies sees ce cslee de ceueesics os LAMY: LARK. PIMROMATID AE. 
10. Hind’ cox normal’; mesoplenra impressed. 2)... . teres ac oe cles ei ayebe'esnsiele ei cues) sissy niet ete aoe teeta el ree 
Hind coxe abnormally large and dilated, their femora flat or compressed ; tarsi very long ; mesopleura 


entire, not impressed ; marginal vein in front wings most frequently extraordinarily lengthened, the 


radius very short, scarcely dilated ; mesouotum without furrows ...... Family LXX. ELAsmipm, 3° — 


11. Tarsi 4-5-jointed, rarely heteromerous; anterior wings not short and broad, with the pubescence 
normal, marginal and radial veins normal; postmarginal vein often wanting ; mesonotum with 
complete or incomplete furrows ............20. ee ce cece cece ee ee sss  Hamily LXXI, EULOPHIDE. 

Tarsi 3-jointed ; anterior wings short and broad, broadly rounded at apex with the pubescences most 
frequently arranged in rows, more rarely normally pubescent ; marginal and radial veins united in 
the form of a strongly curved lineN.......................Family LXXII. TrRIcHOGRAMMIDA. 

12. Pronotum usually large, rounded, or conically produced anteriorly; wings always with a long 
marginal fringe, nearly veinless and always without a radius (stigmal vein), the marginal vein most 
frequently reduced to a mere dot; antennz in 9 most frequently terminating in a distinct fusiform 
or egg-shaped solid club, more rarely with a 2-jointed club; tarsi 4-5-jointed. 

Family LX XIII. MyMarip2., 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES Dail 


Famity LX. AGAONID. 
1846. Agaonid, Family 6 (partim) Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I., p. 23. 
1856. Agaonoidee, Familie (8. descrip.) Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., p. 29. 
1871. Agaonide, Family (partim) Walker, Notes on Chale., Pt. IV., p. 58. 
1867. Blastophagidee, Familia, Kirchner, Cat. Hym. Eur., p. 188. 
1882. Cynipidee, Sycophagides, Division 1, Saunders, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 20. 
1897. Agaonide, Family LX., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 243. 

This family is one of the most striking and remarkable of any in the super- 
family Chaleidoidea. It is based upon the genus Agaon Dalman, established in 
1818, from a specimen taken in Sierra Leone, Africa. 

The species composing this family, on account of their habits, curious forms, and 
the diversity of structure in the sexes, were long a puzzle to the ablest and most astute 
of the European hymenopterologists, but it is now definitely settled that they form 
a component of this great complex. Sir Sidney Saunders, as late as 1883, placed 
them as a division with the family Cynipidx. In my opinion, however, they have 
little in common with the Cynipoidea, and I concur with Walker, Westwood, and 
Mayr, in believing them a component of this major group. 

Mr. Francis Walker, an Englishman, was the first to give the group family rank ; 
but, as is the case with most of his families, he never properly defined or character- 
ized it, and merely lumped together a miscellaneous lot of insects obtained from figs, 
and called them a family—the Agaonidee. His ideas of the family were extremely 
vague and indefinite, and he placed in it many forms with which they had no 
relationship. 

In 1871, Walker, in speaking of them said: “The Agaonide appear as yet 
chiefly in three aspects, and in three different regions. The first region is the 
Mauritius, where they have been discovered by the researches of Dr. Coquerel. 
The three species figured are said to be ‘condemned to eternal darkness’ in the 
central regions of figs. These figs are the fruit of Ficus terragena and are unfit for 
human food. Dr. Coquerel found the three species (Apocrypta paradoxa, A. perplexa 
and Sycocrypta caeca) in abundance in the interior of these figs, together with great 
numbers of a fourth species, which he named Chalcis? explorator and which he 
believed to be parasitic on the other three species. Dr. Coquerel thought he saw 
an affinity between them and certain Bethylids, Scleroderma contractor, ete.” 

Walker thought they had more connection with certain South American and 
Australian Thynnide. He says: “ Scleroderma seems to have more affinity with 
Typhlopone, the worker of Labidus, and with Dichthadia glaberrima, the supposed 
female of Dorylus; and thereby the multitudinous tribe of ants whose economy is 


232 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


so remarkable, emerges from blind and radical Apocrypte and Sycocryptx, the per- 
petual dwellers in the interior of figs.” “ But the affinity of these two genera to the 
Chaleidix is more evident and appears by several connecting links in the Agaonide ; 
and thus the near relation to the general ancestors of the thousands and perhaps 
tens of thousands of the Chalcidize species, the tribe being considered in unity, are 
cradled in figs.” 

Our knowledge of fig-insects, within the past twenty-five years, has been very 
greatly augmented by the studies of Prof. John O. Westwood and Sir Sidney Saun- 
ders, of England, Dr. Gustay Mayr, of Vienna, Austria, Dr. Paul Mayer, of the 
Naples Station, Italy, and my own studies on some Florida, Mexican and West 
Indies species, so that to-day sufficient forms are known in both sexes to enable me 
to segregate, define and place in their proper groups, the miscellaneous insects 
known as fig-insects. 

In this work I have restricted the Agaonidx to the caprifiers, or true fig-insects, 
chalcid-flies that live in and pollenize, or fructify, fig-trees. 

The others, heretofore classified with them, belong elsewhere, in three or four 
different families, and are either inquilinous or genuine parasites. Some, the vast 
majority, belong to the Torymidx, while others belong to the Chalcididx, Miscogas- 
teridx, Pteromalide, ete. 

All fig-trees, in a wild state, are dicecious and wherever fig-trees grow, principally 
in tropical and semi-tropical countries, there also will be found fig-insects, for these 
microscopic creatures are essential to their pollenization. 

Undoubtedly, judging from the great number of fig-trees known to botanists, 
many genera and hundreds of species still remain unknown to us. 

Among the genuine fig-insects, two well-marked subfamilies may be distin- 
guished, separable by the aid of the following table : } 


TABLE OF SUBFAMILIES. 
Abdomen in 9 subcompressed, the ovipositor prominent, the mandibles with an appendage, usually ser- 
rate ; males apterous, the abdomen long, narrowed towards apex and curving beneath the thorax. 
Subfamily I. AGAONINZE. 
Abdomen in 9 subcompressed, the ovipositor prominent, the mandibles without an appendage, the palpi 
sometimes with an appendage ; otherwise similar to the Agaoninze ; males apterous, the abdomen broad- 
ened towards apex, narrowed towards the base, and with a tubercle or long filament at each apical 


BLO 6. j5iisis. ace ie a.ve's sole eels oon ve se weleusiere 5) ove rm aueja etebavele alaterej ola efate ubanetetetel Retale sera SUED EALIIN Ud URS CONFER Eien EINE 


SUBFAMILY I. AGAONINZ. 


1883. Cynipidee, Division I., Sycophagides (partim), Saunders, Trans. Ent. Soc. 
London, 1883, p. 20. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 233 


The males in this subfamily are easily distinguished from those in the next by 
the shape of the abdomen, which is always long and tubular, narrowed toward apex 
and never broadened at apex as in the Sycophaginx. It is also more flexible and is 
usually curved or bent forward under the thorax. 

The females are more difficult to separate and, although with practice one can 
detect a difference in cephalic characters, almost impossible to define, the only reli- 
able character to separate them from those in the other subfamily is the mandibular 
appendage, which is usually finely serrate. In the Sycophagine the mandibles are 
always without an appendage. 

The known genera falling in this group may be easily recognized by the use of 


the following table: 
TABLE OF GENERA. 


PPO M ALES ALY aN STW PCC saree nate tsyere etaal nial cto rcla< oerst eter ate Rae peers seed eyes) serine @ubiag sine eiele aimuwaseeicere rier ot 
Males, always apterous. . Meebatacae Tedewe cic alee alapeiobaicha, sitet cokers msioretellatsne7e Lave tatn cea aten stells’s ele eieite eet wiles sven, LO 
2. Antenne with the third or Seen se st wilh Aalst process . at cunboncs ouuaoguscosconnocnon a 
ANUBIS LE LOU, 2 | OMpaWRUL a CIShIN Cli PLOCOS er sta eie: netstat binis lolesiels/slivialsiele\s sisvels\cisvste als) sinja' a eioiniewsaieys) O) 


8. Front wings with the marginal, stigmal and calntasearl veins fully deracnen or at the most with 
the postmarginal vein absent ..........-.seccccresccersnssreecessneessssceensceecenesecsees cr) PARC OTERO POET e 4 
Front wings without marginal, stigmal and postmarginal veins. 
Head oblong, about 1} times as long as wide ; antennz 11-jointed, thickened toward apex 
Eupristina Saunders (type LZ. masonii § daund): 


ASE OstMAL Peale VEINS PLES U wemicte ctctelate cl cies crchercrs’ © aia afelelel's(a) ein rin histaieustal a mtg as elope’s\ nieveiela ai o/s es e.cislej ele) ociet O 
Posinaarginalll yen a servtiee= cra cin Pee on erore ats eke alote raiere 6, etosi'al a's) oNelsllotas olotetMeta’el vinfuipies) pisie-exslelovhseldiei>). (¢ 
Daan bentise tl sore o=| OuLGeULen eters tie ctelaloveee Coleone) aiav'afage ix ere, o)s (ale aanteto halal eniietat ofelamenlice tiple ohera,s\ceetaiaieiaahee ni, 10 


Antenne 10-jointed, the last five joints enlarged, ......Kradibia Saunders (type K. cowanii Saunders). 
GavHlead not very our quAdrabeODene Al yi BOs acti. victoire «1 Salads ole’ scieferals lave lele,eiaiaieielelaisinialcidia sfeicisielcin'< 6 
Head oblong, or very long, from 2} to 3 times as long as wide, the facial channel narrow ; mandibles at 
apex bidentate ; antennz 11-jointed.........Pleistodontes Saunders (type P. imperialis Saunders). 
7. Head quadrate or nearly, only a little narrower in front than behind; stigmal vein usually a little 
longer than the marginal ..................Hisenia Ashmead gen. nov. (type FZ. mexicana Ashm.). 

8. Seventh abdominal Suanae on each side with a small rounded or at most oval spiracular fovea. 
Blastophagus Gravenhorst (type Cynips psenes Linné). 

Seventh abdominal segment on each side with an elongate, disk-shaped, spiracular fovea. 

Ceratosolens Mayr (type C. appendiculatus Mayr). 
9. Front wings with the marginal, stigmal and postmarginal veins wanting ; head trapezoidal, a little 
longer than wide ; antennze 11-jointed, not thickened towards apex, the joints smooth ; middle legs 
very minute or subobsolete. ..............++++++++++ Letrapus Mayr (type 7. americanus Mayr). 
Front wings with the marginal, stigmal and postmarginal veins present; head oblong, 2} times as 
long as wide; antennz (?) 12-jointed, the scape large, triangularly dilated, the funicle slender, 
filiform, the club abruptly enlarged, 3-jointed ; mandibles 3-dentate ; thorax bidentate at each side. 


Agaon Dalman (type A. paradoxum Dalm.). 
10. Head anteriorly with a large, deep, triangular fovea. 


Basal pach Or enbennss EnOlOned dN CANBY cori leicieae leila c/cm Me's wb rise cues ver eyte cele cinne LL 
Basal part of antenns not enclosed in a canal. .... 2. cece scan tcc eee seccencesesecee LB 


234. MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


11. Front tarsi 2-jointed, the front and hind femora stout and more or less compressed ; eyes very small 
or wanting... wa NDR hr eTe aire A Con oe rer ea REN Yan en oe . Ceratosolens Mayr. 
12. Front tarsi 2- to jointed, not reposing in a sulcus at ths tip of the front tibiee . entail alefortaststaleinciae cute, 
Front tarsi 1-jointed, reposing in a sulcus at the tip of the front tibize ; claws small, almost straight, 
‘Legs four, the middle pair aborted ; antennz 3-jointed, compressed ; head and thorax subquadrate. 
Tetrapus Mayr. 
13. The usually large antennal fovea terminates posteriorly in a narrow or broad longitudinal slit ; if it 
does not, then the transverse oval antennal fovea does not extend to the middle of the head ..... 14 
14. Body somewhat narrow ; antennz 3- to 6-jointed. 
Brontitarsi:2or3-jombed 2 7s etn cate eee ene site Rohe ee oo ee oir as TEBE Ae LR STEEL 
Front tarsi 5-jointed. 
Thorax in outline trapezoidal ; antenn 6-jointed, with 3 ring-joints. 
Pleistodontes Saunders. 
Thorax not so shaped, either bell-shaped or ellipsoidal, antenne 3- to 6-jointed...... 15 
15. Thorax not oblong, in outline either ellipsoidal or bell-shaped ; antennz 8- to 6-jointed. 
Thorax ellipsoidal, slightly contracted at the sides before the middle; antennz 6-jointed, with 
with one ring-joint and a 2-jointed club ............................. Kradibia Saunders. 
Thorax bell-shaped; antenne 3- or 4-jointed, with one ring-joint. .......Eupristina Saunders. 
16. Head about twice as long as wide ; front tarsi 2-jointed ; antennze 6-jointed.......Ceratosolens Mayr. 
Head not or scarcely longer than wide, at the most not more than one and one half times as long as 
wide ; front tarsi 3-jointed ; antennz 3-jointed. 
Head a little wider than long ; tarsi of hind legs very long, more than twice longer than their 


tibize . BOD So OnT Oo hat Hp EBA na dot Node Acie Br .. Blastophaga Grayenhorst. 
Head oe a little longer than wide, never wider than ee tarsi of hind legs short, not or 
only a little longer than tibie ...............................Bisenia Ashmead, gen. nov. 


SupraMity IJ. SycopHacin»®. 
1883. Cynipide, Division II., Aploastomata, Saunders, Trans. Ent. Soe. London, 
1883, p. 20. 

This group was first correctly separated by Sir Sidney Saunders, who designated 
it as Division II., Aploastomata, in the family Cynipidx. It has, however, nothing 
to do with the Cynipide, but forms a natural group of the genuine fig-insects. At 
present no species is known outside of the Asiatic and African faunee. 

The females belonging to the group are distinguished from those in the previous 
subfamily principally by the absence of mandibular appendages. The head, how- 
ever, is also somewhat differently shaped, being flatter, with a broader frontal sul- 
cus and no hook-like tubercle on the middle of the occiput, while the abdomen 
is more depressed and the ventral valve is not prominent. 

The males are more easily recognized, being quite different from those in the 
Agaonine and the wingless males in the Torymide. The head is very long and 
narrow, while the abdomen is long, sessile, and gradually broadened towards apex, 
each lateral apical angle being furnished with a tubercle, or a long, thread-like organ. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 235 


The genus Platyscapa Motschulsky I do not know, but, judging from Mot- 


schulsky’s description, it seems to be one of these insects, and I have included it in 


my table with the hope that it may be rediscovered, and its proper position in our 
system definitely settled. 


U6 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


JREYTSITE YS CAs Beco PORCnO Ch EO ean Bct0 dd HOnPIRe nd Ob Cho TCMecisins 5 OUTRO AAA CEC GORI aR Ona ey err aa’ 
IS Foye aie roe ote ec ctedteye er cncs Slave cE evey Stare i etet areas telatate wis ng) Se avaeya Baler ahem tee aa Seu maae slater eiele oy 
Postmarginal vein obsolete or nearly ; maxillary palpi with rows of teeth along the under side .... 3 


Postmarginal vein well developed, longer than the stigmal vein ; maxillary palpi without rows of teeth 
beneath. 
Antenne 13-jointed, with 2 ring-joints, of which the second is rather large; hind tibize with 
rows of comb-like teeth at apex ; stigmal vein not short..............Sycophaga Westwood 
(type Cynips sycomori Hasselquist). 
Antenne 9-jointed (tesfe Motschulsky) ; hind tibize normal ; stigmal vein short. 


Platyscapa Motschulsky (type P. frontalis Motsch.). 


. Antennie 11-jointed ; hind tibize without rows of teeth at apex................... Crossogaster Mayr 


(type C. triformis Mayr). 


PE PANS LOL OILS ery aay, eters cert ametes Actaris ee ane evar tharos aie je Phas ea Pela le esata MRL ae ook nice Meittea > 


Winged. 
Postmarginal vein subobsolete ; head with a large, deep triangular fovea anteriorly that extends 


posteriorly to the middle of the head; antennze 11-jointed ............Crossogaster Mayr. 
Head oblong, without a deep triangular fovea anteriorly ; antennee 3-jointed...................... 6 


Head nearly quadrate, a little wider than long, with a deep, triangular fovea anteriorly. 


Antenne 8-jointed, the scape thick, depressed ; body broad............... Crossogaster Mayr. 


. Seape of antennz about as broad as long; mandibles broad, 3-jointed ; tarsal joints 2-4 wider than 


long ; abdomen terminating in two long filaments, one on each apical angle...Sycophaga Westwood. 
Scape of antennze long, subclavate, more than twice longer than thick; mandibles conical, without 
teeth ; tarsal joints 2-4, not wider than long; abdomen not terminating in two long filaments. 


Apocrypta Coquerel (type A. perplexa Coquerel). 


Faminry LXI. TORYMIDZ. 


1833. Torymide, Family II. (partim) Walker, Ent. Mag., I., p. 116. 

1846. Torymide, Family I., Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I., p. 14. 

1848. Torymidee, Family I., Walker, opus. cit., II., p. 100. 

1856. Torymoide, Familie XI., Forster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 19, 28 and 43. 

1875. Torymina, Tribus (partim) Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. 11 and 59. 
1886. Toryminze, Subfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 198. 

1897. Torymid, Family XLI., Ashmead, Proce. Ent. Soc. Washington, LV., p. 243. 


This is a very large and most interesting family, approaching nearest, on one 


side, to the genuine fig-insects (Agaonidee); on the other side exhibiting affinities 
that ally it to the Chalcididx, and some forms in the Miscogasteride and the Ptero- 


malide. 


236 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Many of the genera, especially in my subfamily Jdarninx, were included by 
Walker, Westwood and Mayr, among the Agaonidex, a position not tenable. The 
genus Podagrion Spinola, too, on account of the swollen and dentate hind femora 
was placed by Mayr, Howard and others with the Chalcidide. The swollen and 
dentate hind femora, although of great taxonomic importance, in themselves should 
not alone be depended upon to place genera and species. Many genera and species 
are now known with such femora that unquestionably belong to other families. In 
the family Cleonymide there is a whole subfamily with such hind femora and it 
would be absurd and most unnatural to classify it with the Chalcidide on that ae- 
count alone. 

In establishing families many characters must be carefully considered, weighed 
and analyzed, and we should not be led astray by superficial resemblances or by 
characters common to many groups. 

Six fairly well defined subfamilies have been recognized. 


TABLE OF SUBFAMILIES. 


1. Mesothoracic furrows not well defined, the seapulze therefore scarcely or indistinctly separated ; abdo- 


men in $ conically pointed, the ovipositor not exserted. ......0..0.0ccc cece cers cece cccscssers O 


Mesothoracic furrows distinctly defined, the scapule therefore well separated; ovipositor always 


prominently exserted wmostdrequently very lOUP- tm mtlcler aa ie relsieliotehe centers erate ote ieee 
2a) Hind tabise swith! onl y;(one apical Spurs, .svasrsrejerss15a1e sys.e='<isielepsierelciotete eo oreiaie ohare emis terete een a 


Hind tibize with two apical spurs. 
Posterior margin of the mesepisternum incised beyond the middle ; metepimeron curved, dilated 
above the apex ; posterior femora simple, neither armed with a tooth nor serrate.............. 3 
Posterior margin of the mesepisternum entire; posterior femora rarely simple, more or less 
swollen, serrate or armed with one or two teeth beneath, sometimes much swollen and armed 


with several téeth beneath: \s,4)..4 «a sae salaried cove eseisieveclabier.c ease oe AERO REECE EE 


3. Stigmal vein always long ; abdomen usually more or less depressed ; if subcompressed the hypopygium 
is large and prominent ; males frequently apterous, the head usually oblong, with a triangular fovea 
anteriorly in which lie the antennz ; abdomen short, never tubularly lengthened. 

Subfamily I. IpDARNINZA. 

Stigmal vein very short, the knob of same being sessile or subsessile ; abdomen usually subcompressed, 
the hypopygium not prominent; males most frequently winged ; if apterous, the head not oblong 
and without a triangular fovea anteriorly,......... . Subfamily II. ToRyMIn 2. 

4. Hind femora not much swollen, as long as their tibie, beneath feebly serrate or armed with one or two 
teeth beyond the middle towards apex, their tibixe straight ; hey em tanotum’ BORON asiniie with a median 

carina, coarsely rugulose or punctate ; stigmal vein not long, but still longer than in the Torymine, 
oblique and clavate ........,.....-. ee ee ee cece ee ceeeee sss SUbfamily III. MonoDONTOMERINA. 

Hind femora much swollen and armed with from four to eight teeth, their tibie arcuate ; metanotum 

with a A-shaped carina ; stigmal vein short, the knob subsessile, similar to the Torymine. 
Subfamily TV. PODAGRIONIN&. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES DepaTl 


5. Stigmal vein in front wings terminating in a large rounded or dilated knob or stigma, the basal 
nervure distinct, straight... ................00ceceeccceececese es SUbfamily V. MEGASTIGMINZE. 
6. Abdomen in 2 conic-oyate or produced at apex, in % oblong, usually with a peculiar sculpture in both 
sexes, the middle segments most frequently with transverse rows of pits or rounded punctures ; 
BUPIBAL VEIN VEN, NOTE sis acess ox seo es os os cane sdecvcveTsesseeo subfamily VI. ORMYRINZ. 


SuBFAMILY I. I[paRNINz. 
1846. Agaonide, Family 6 (partim), Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I., p. 23. 
1897. Idarninz, Subfamily I., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 235. 

All of the species composing this subfamily are found associated with the genuine 
fig-insects ; they are either inquilinous or genuine parasites, as is the case in the 
Cynipide and the Eurytomidx, and in at least another group in the Torymide, 7. e., 
the Megastigmine. 

The group comes nearest to the subfamily Toryminex, agreeing with it closely in 
cephalic and thoracic characters, and in having two apical spurs on the hind tibiz ; 
but here the resemblance ceases, and it is easily separated by the difference in vena- 
tion, shape of abdomen, ete. 

The males are most frequently apterous, the head being long or oblong, with a 
triangular fovea anteriorly in which lie the antennz, a character also found in the 
Agaonide ; but the abdomen is short and never tubularly lengthened nor broadened 
at the apex, as in that family. 

The females agree somewhat with the Agaonidz in venation, but differ decidedly 
in cephalic, mandibular, and abdominal characters, the abdomen being either de- 
pressed, without a prominent ventral valve, or subcompressed with a prominent 
ventral valve, with a long ovipositor. From the Toryminz they are at once distin- 
guished by the Jong stigmal vein and the different shape of the abdomen. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


Spr erR UR OR etote suet ast aera eit ore coos AeA A GTa easter a vel: p arielieleie ote oa pia isle imc’ wel staid ataiolatslavwarciipirele selene oc.ere of 
ELS ae oo Pee ements ae Set d Chat: Shas ic ces es, sates wean a elem STE ol oel ete eLAP IS Hiviaiels) ox ve LO 
2. Abdomen normal, the last two segments not tubular. Site HSE ECAP cnn ence aetna w Gntela) ie 


Abdomen abnormal, the last two segments very narrow Se pained into a kind of Gist or tail, the 
MIPORILGL VEL UCIOMMEE, 5 cru cs aia) on eleta clsfoisiats casi Ciavse-cisievnlsiols's /Saiawieais as Sim ueiwerdaass cadena ss 
PANELING LIS] OLN LORE ess tea IN ie Creieie wie-t ie isu fleas, aidiniais e.g ev ws siviais'e Vee Mateo caress savccs 
Antenne 13-jointed, with three ring-joints ; mesonotum with distinct parapsidal furrows. 

Seventh abdominal segment very long, longer than the preceding segments united ; scape of 
antenne scarcely thrice the length of the pedicel.....................Philotrypesis Férster. 
(type Cynips carice Hasselq.). 
Seventh abdominal segment hardly as long as the preceding segments united ; scape of antennz 
long, about four times as long as the pedicel Sycoscaptella Westw. (type S. afinis Westw.). 

4, Prothorax long, conical ; metathorax long ; legs short and stout, the front femora incrassated. 
Polanisa Walker (type Jdarnes transiens Walk.). 


238 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


5. Scutellum nof flat, usually convex or at least subconvyex, and usually, but not always, without longitudinal 


=I 


10. 


La: 


12. 


13. 


14, 


15. 


srooved: lines se sa ests wee a aaiies sei wok elas me Sages fone iseieie =e pens Sein eta Reese tearm 
Seutellum flat and broad, quadrate, with two longitudinal grooved lines. 

Metallic ; flagellum filiform, the joints of the funicle at least twice as long as thick ; ocelli ob- 

tusely triangularly arranged ................-.....Idarnes Walker (type I. carme Walker). 

Non-metallic ; flagellum subclayvate, the joints of the flagellum not or scarcely longer than 

thick ; ocelli arranged nearly in astraight line..................Koebelea Ashmead, g. nov. 


(type K. australiensis Ashm.). 


. Ovipositor shorter than the body and sometimes not at all prominent...................2020-2-. U1 


Ovipositor longer than the body ; funicle of antennee 5-jointed...................2020e2e0eeeees 7 
Abdomen with the ventral segments normal, not widened downwards ..............---++.++---- 8 
Abdomen with the ventral segments widened downwards. 

Hypopygium very prominent, plowshare shaped ; antennze 12-jointed, with 2 ring-joints. 


Goniogaster Mayr (type G. variicornis Mayr). 


. Mesothoracie furrowsidistinet, complete:s s. c/-1.<.-verc ean eee eee oe aise elects eee ciel seeieds eee ee 


Mesothoracie furrows not distinct, wanting posteriorly. 
Antenne 11-jointed, with one ring-joint inserted much nearer to the front margin of the head 
than to the middle ; stigmal vein long, nearly three fourths the length of the marginal. 
Sycoryctes Mayr (type S. patellaris Mayr). 
‘Antennz:12-jointedor less:t..-2.4:. 62-0308 chi cec vs sm leel Seley ot aise ee aate bs FIO eles everslal OP telco ete MELO! 
Antenne 18-jointed, with three ring-joints inserted at an equal distance between the middle and the 
front margin of the head ; stigmal vein less than one third the length of the marginal. 
Trichaulus Mayr (type T. versicolor Mayr). 
Antenne 12-jointed with one ring-joint ; stigmal vein about half the length of the marginal. 
Apocryptophagus Ashmead, g. noy. (type Chalcis ? explorator Coquerel). 
Antenn 9-jointed (teste Motschulsky) ; abdomen elliptic, much depressed, the ovipositor twice the 


Nene tihyon Lem DOG asec at ele cienstelsiemteteldeie/=nteiele Platyneura Motschulsky (type P. testacea Motsch.). 
Postmarginal vein distinct, always present ..-.......-.+e-esees seen ee ee eens Pema oa Cooma suctens toce 12 
Postmarginal vein wanting or never well developed .-...2...2...00....- 620. see ceenecwneeensce: 14 
(Ohshalosmtoe sil tlie oa eco nose qsoo nou caceodaens ds pone snc onbAcaosoconcoaasc boson sage onosaecacesones 15 


Ovipositor always’ prominent, OT :exXSELved wiete ape at ei tecslere)ctoleselolorete) oie = n/oteln!ol state el otntoyn ef eyalmter=ialerelaaletieted eta tets 13 
Antenne 12-jointed with two ring-joints, the funicle 5-jointed, inserted near the clypeus, the joints of ~ 
the flagellum fluted ; body metallic ; ovipositor about as long as the thorax and abdomen united 
or a little longer, and thickened towards apex. Colyostichus Mayr (type 2 C. longicaudis 
Mayr, 3 Heteradrium longipes Mayr). 
Antenne 11-jointed with one ring-joint, the funicle 5-jointed, the club 3-jointed, the joints of the 
funicle hardly longer than thick ; ovipositor scarcely as long as the abdomen, gradually thick- 
ened towards apex. Heterandrium Mayr (type o H. biannulatum Mayr, 2 Colyostichus brevicaudis 
Mayr). 
Scutellum with two longitudinal grooved lines, the axillee widely separated ; ovipositor a little shorter 
than the abdomen. ....................+++.-.,..-sycophila Walker (type S. decalomoides Walk.). 
Scutellum without grooved lines, the axille nearly uniting at base of scutellum ; ovipositor only 
slightly projecting..........................Froggattia Ashmead, g. noy. (type F. polita Ashm.). 
Mesothoracic furrows indistinct, never complete ; antennie 9-jointed. 


Micranisa Walker (type Idarnes pteromaloides Walk.). 


16. 


Wie 


18. 


19. 


20. 


21 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 239 


Tie ye Ge sere 8 Mee Aen Nine toe Pert E DGC Sn Ce CADE ESCO SOCIO Ra area tt cine 
SIRO ATTA TCT GEL tte eee Pete MR OR Ne cuca Poets Sree arenitie aie alaraaiia 8 aya sisiaeie Sere Rnmis olsen cou 
AGRE Gn nha G Fence ha hy She bac cins BRAG te OoldSaS RAGS SAC REL On erpSrMapdubnmar coupocoomc i) 
VANTEC Soe ES er en ce PS COP ee ER cae Cee SN er EAE 
Antenne inserted on the anterior margin of the head or far below its middle; clypeus not extending 

to the middle of the inner margin of eyes. .. 2. 2... 6. ce ee cee ee cee eee ce tee ee cect esacene 19 
ATILeD Na Inserted ouiiho; Midd lelon the (ACE Wea) aa a ee) alo)o4/ smn iqiccs neinie clei cig v yaeersiw aie sisisjsiselg =n OU 
Head anteriorly with a large, deep, triangular fovea from which originate the antenne........... 20 
Head anteriorly without such a fovea; wings entirely absent, not represented by filaments. ...... 25 
Wings represented by two pairs of thread-like filaments. .......... 000202 eee cece ee ee eee eeeeee QL 
Wings represented by one pair of thread-like filaments or by bristles. ............0002ee eee ee ees 22 


Head oblong, not or scarcely wider than the thorax, the eyes minute ; antennze separated by a sharp 
carina ; hind tarsi with the first joint dilated.............................Philotrypesis Forster. 

Head large, oblong, slightly narrowed anteriorly, the hind margin sinuate, the hind angles rounded, 
setose; antennz 8-or 9-jointed with 1 ring-joint, the scape large, clavate ; mandibles large, porrect, 
curved, acute and entire at apex, but within, 3-dentate. 


Tetranemopteryx Ashmead, g. noy. (type Sycoscapter 4-setosa Westw.). 


22, Head oblong, the hind angles rounded, not acute. ........--.-c0scce cece ce cess secs necsensee LO 
Head oblong-quadrate, the hind angles acutely produced, not rounded ..............++++++++++ 24 
23. Head large, oblong, broader than the thorax; antenn 10-jointed, with 1 ring-joint inserted close 


24, 


25. 


26. 


27. 


together near the front margin of the head; mandibles porrect, stout and curved, the tips acute, 
entire, the inner margin with a tooth behind the middle.................. Syeoscapter Westwood 
(type S. insignis Westw.). 
Head oblong-quadrate, sinuate posteriorly ; antennz 8- or 9-jointed, without a ring-joint, inserted close 
together near the mouth; mandibles porrect, faleate, the tips bidentate, the inner margin with a 
tooth near the base.............. Sycoscapteridea Ashmead, g. noy. (type Sycoscapter monilifer). 
Head oblong, the sides anteriorly nearly straight, the front angles rounded, the hind angles acutely 
produced ; antenn:e 8-jointed (or 9-jointed with 1-ring-joint), inserted close together near the mouth ; 
mandibles small, faleate, entire; wings represented by short filaments. 
Sycoscapterella Ashmead, g. noy. (type Sycoscapter anguliceps Westw.). 
Antenne shorter, at the most 9-jointed, the joints closely united, inserted further from each other than 
to the sides of the head, most frequently with only 4 or 5 free joints .......... 0.0.0. ee eee ee 26 
Antenne longer, 10- or 11-jointed, with only the last three joints closely united, inserted near or not 
far away from the mouth border. .. 2.2.2... 02s cee cee ce cece eee c nce ce tens cert esse te scess 27 
Head between the clypeus and the sides concaye ; mandibles bidentate ; labium and palpi wanting, in 
place is a membranous tube ; antennze composed of 4 free joints, of which the third is small, 
annular, transparent and membranous, .......... 0.00 ee cece ee ee te ee teen eee _Idarnes Walker. 
Head between the clypeus and side flat ; mandibles 3- or 4-dentate ; labium and labial palpi present, 
the palpi 1-jointed ; tibise short, closely and thickly spinous ; antennse with 4 or 5 free joints. 
Head depressed, wider than long, but not perfectly flat, more or less triangular, the angles 
TOCHIGI ps Nee oe ANE lator ene MO ee Sea, te aise raion ep PEACH AULUS Mayr. 
Head perfectly flat, longer than wide, trapezoidal; mandibles broad, 4-dentate within ; 
antennz 5-jointed, the scape flat, dilated towards apex. .............++ .Koebelea Ashmead. 
Head more or less depressed ; tarsi 5-jointed, the basal joint of hind tarsi often much compressed and 


with very long bristles. 


240 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


28. 


30. 


31. 


33. 


34. 


35 


36. 


37. 


Hind tarsi much longer than their tibiz, the basal joint long ...................00e00---- 28 

Hind tarsi not longer than their tibie, the basal joint short. ...............0200000e00e-- 29 

First joint of flagellum smaller than the second; mandibles bidentate; hind tibize with several very 
long bristles, the first joint two thirds the length of the tibia..................Colyostichus Mayr. 
First joint of flagellum much longer than the second ; mandibles unidentate at apex ; hind tibise with- 
out long ‘bristles ...5.5.)/ho.cdiaeaaa menses elon le oe ein Sine ed wee OC Se Re ES VC OLY CHCSBN eniri 


. First joint of the flagellum only a little longer than the second and not much longer than thick ; man, 


dibles very long, strong and toothed within ; hind tibiee with short stiff bristles ; all joints of tarsi 
slender ; pronotum yery large, quadrate, larger than the meso- and metanotum united. 

Goniogaster Mayr. 

Head large, sinuate anteriorly and posteriorly, and also with the lateral margins posteriorly incised so 

as to form a tooth just before the hind angles ; wings represented by a pair of thread-like filaments ; 

antennz 10-jointed, with 2 ring-joints, inserted widely apart or laterly close to the eyes, the scape 

very large, dilated, quadrate above, rounded basally, and beneath at base deeply incised ; mandibles 
robust, triangular, curyed, the tips bifid, within towards base produced and tridentate. 

Sycobiella Westwood (type S. sawndersii Westw.). 

Head large, transyerse ellipsoidal, sinuate anteriorly, rounded posteriorly, the hind angles rounded ; 

wings entirely wanting; antenne 9-jointed, with 1 ring-joint, inserted on the middle of the face. 

much nearer together than to the inner margin of the eyes, the scape very large, dilated, clavate ; 

mandibles long, porrect, the tips bidentate, dilated towards base, the dilation being tridentate. 
Walkerella Westwood (type W. timeraria Westw.). 
Tarsi 4-jointed ; wings represented by thread-like filaments .............. 00 00eeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 82 


Tarai 3-jointed 5; wings wanting sy.) 52 -c.s/siecis: nelomeln soune ne olcido aehapine eee ease ee ESS 


} 
- Head oblong-quadrate, emarginate or sinuate anteriorly and posteriorly ; ocelli absent ; antennze 8- or 


9-jointed, without a ring-joint, inserted far above the middle of the face, the scape large, dilated, 

clavate ; mandibles large, porrect, nearly as long as the head, curved, the tips bifid, the inner 
margin armed with a tooth near the middle or sometimes truncate. 

Otetesella Westwood (type O. digitata Westw.). 

Antenne 9- to 11-jointed (the club sometimes 83 joints), with one ring-joint, shorter than the head and 

inserted close together near the mouth, the scape large, depressed, subclayate; mandibles small, 

acute, slightly curved, without teeth within. ....... Sycoscaptella Westwood (type S. affinis Westw.). 


Postmarginal vein distinct, well developed. .6... 0.6.0 c2scnscse0celsn cess eu sees wuuueeeeuties ne eelse 
Postmarginal vein wanting or but slightly developed. ............0c0eeccececeeeeeeecececeeeses 89 
Second joint of the funicle not shorter than the first............02ecceecccceccceccecvecccsscee 86 


Second joint of the funicle very short, annular, much shorter than the first. 
Antenn 12-jointed, with 2 ring-joints ; pronotum long.................Colyostichus Mayr. 
Antennz 11-12-jointed, with 1 or 2 ring-joints, inserted much nearer to the mouth than to the middle 
of the head, ‘the funicle"b-jointed) ..2 j.sausoge oe so scneak ae eeiece ene hoe ee eT 
Antenne 13-jointed, inserted below the middle of the head, the furrows in the joints of the flagellum 
not ending invlittle: teethis:... seuccseutecacosoas ae oan canar emanate EEE eno 
Postmarginal vein longer than the stigmal ; mandibles not long, faleate, 2- or 3-dentate ; antenns 11- 
12-jointed, the club not much thicker than the funicle; pronotum subquadrate, a little wider at the 
middle than before or behind ; scutellum large, subconvex, the parapsidal furrows very fine, but 
GISHINCE 0 5455 0:5 4.5 e:0 se sivibis ain eniajoisls ial cyela «01 einige lew e eielon aieine Seetene eee eRe EA RELY OS DAC EULSIN Lern te 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 241 


Postmarginal vein not longer than the stigmal ; mandibles very long, faleate, bidentate at apex ; antennze 


11-jointed ; pronotum very long, rounded in front ; scutellum the . 

parapsidal furrows distinct...........................Sycobia Walker (type S. bethyloides Walk.). 
38. Stigmal vein rather short, less than one third the length of the marginal; antennz 13-jointed, with 2 

ring-joints and a 6-jointed funicle. ...... 0.2... eee cee ee ese cece se vececeeess setichaulus Mayr. 


39. Antenne 13-jointed, with 2 ring-joints ; mesonotum with distinct parapsidal furrows. 
Pronotum quadrate, a little narrower than the mesonotum ; scutellum with fwo grooved lines ; 


abdomen oval, subdepressed, much shorter than the thorax, briefly petiolate, and terminating 


in an exserted penal sheath. .............. 00 ce cceceeceeeeseecesss Sycophila Westwood. 
Pronotum large, rounded anteriorly : scutellum without grooved lines; abdomen compressed, 
shorter|thanvthe thorax: <4. -5 pees cecdeacaenss co cv ccs cc se doonss ss KrORZatuia Ashmead 


SuspraMity II. Torymin«. 
1840. Pteromalides, Subfamily (partim) Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., IL., 
Synop., p. 67. 

1846. Torymide, Family 4 (partim) Walker, List. Chalcid. Brit. Museum, I., p. 14. 
1871. Torymides, Subtribus ( partim) Thomson, Hym. Skand., 1V., pp. 59, 64. 
1899. Torymine, Subfamily II., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 247. 

The vast majority of the species falling in this group are parasitic on gall-inhab- 
iting insects, belonging to the orders Hymenoptera and Diptera, although others are 
recorded as having been bred from Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, ete., and from the nests 
of bees and wasps. 

I think it quite likely these latter records are erroneous, and that the Coleoptera, 
Lepidoptera, ete., had dipterous parasites from which the torymines came. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


Ths, TES 0 SO ea ie OD ee ict aa ee AR Br aL ASR En eR ICT en er one: oe OOO ICE ATC er ger 
WHEE hs Reig Fae A aaa Amo BOR eb See Gee Stonnb Cacia n TEE OO CEICU In On OO OSE gty een eeioaa eft 
2 Ate ne La OMied, Mino Only sone LTIDP=JOUNG, Heres eoleie eles cislsi pul,» Aah icles! olniaiol= A= suaaaiernsl« 6,0, seals ie? 
Autennz 13-jointed, with two ring-joints...............Lochites Forster (type L. papaveris Forster). 
S- Mcutellum wits we Cross-furro wy Delore APOX 0. sas aciss cctsgcle cide hte cis sve bans spas welnisoeellen te 


Scutellum with a cross-furrow before apex. 
Abdomen with second dorsal segment incised medially at apex. 
Syntomaspis Forster (type Torymus cyaneus Boheman). 
4. First joint of flagellum not abruptly narrower than the following; clypeus at apex truncate....... 5 
First joint of flagellum abruptly narrower than the following; clypeus at apex subproduced. 
Lioterphus Thomson (type Torymus pallidicornis Boheman). 
5. Thorax not especially long, the pronotum not conically elongate.......... 0.2.0. ee cece ee ee ee ee ee 6 
Thorax long, the pronotum much developed, conically elongate. 
Abdomen with a distinct petiole, the body much compressed, shorter than the thorax, the 
ovipositor very long....................Bedamua Walker (type EF. macrolelus Walker). 
6. Mandibles 3-dentate ; head not triangular; costal cell wide................ ce se cece ce ccceeessee U 
Mandibles 2-dentate ; head subtriangular, as viewed from in front ; costal cell narrow. 


Callimomus Thomson (type C. scaposus Thomson) 


242 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


7. Prothorax not especially short ; metathorax declivous, not largely punctate. 
Torymus Dalman (type Ichneumon bedequaris Linné). 
Prothorax short, the metathorax abruptly declining, largely punctate ; antennz subclavate, the club 


lanceolate. .........2.2.2cececececececececeeese Lorymoides Walker (type T. amabilis Walker). 

8, Antenne 13-jointed: ‘with only one ring=jOunte ooo ce lho wim) roel rele tel atal= ore alei estate eteteted etl stateralle Aut 
Antenne 13-jointed, with two ring-joints. ..........+.-00+e0esseceeeeesesss-.-...LoOchites Forster. — 

9; Scutellum: withouta\ cross-furrow. Deforetapexec. rs ects ac ctseiae cickeria che okeua ietetouet tie et etenere re entero 

Scutellum with-a'cross-furrow before apex... oc.< cies «ene sicieis ejctocso'wise/s\e ones) sls) aie Syntomaspis Forster. 

LO: Wan diblesi3-dentate si costal cell wider... sco serae: ee eerie ele tee mente aor) alee eee 

Mandibles 2-dentate ; costal cell narrow..........2.+-++++++eee+++++++--+.-Callimomus Thomson. 

liz (Clypeus anteriorly normal./nobproduced..... .2 -cis ccs oc see ceeeies se oa one eas ein eee 

Clypeus anteriorly subproduced medially. ................00++++++++++---+-. Lioterphus Thomson. 

12. Thorax normal, the pronotum not especially Saas aalonpbdoonen dood 0e.do.soyona sco Gob agdON' 13 

Thorax long, the pronotum elongate, conical. ............0.0-e0e00ee+++- +--+ BCdamua Walker. 


13. Pronotum not especially short, the metathorax not largely punctate............... Torymus Dalman. 


Pronotum short, the metathorax abruptly declivous, largely punctate...... Torymdéides Walker. 


Suspraminty II]. MonoponTroMERIn®. 


1875. Torymides, Subtribus (partim) Thomson, Skand. Hym., IV., p. 59. 
1899. Monodontomerine, Subfamily ITI., Ashm .Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., IV., p. 247. 

In this group the hind femora are more swollen than in the previous groups, 
while the lower edge is serrate or armed with one or two teeth, thus showing an 
approach to the Podagrionine, and through that subfamily to the Leucospidine and 
the Chalcidine. 

Some of the species are parasitic upon hymenopterous and dipterous gall-mak- 
ing insects; others, belonging to the genera Physothorax and Plesiostigma, have been 
bred from fig-insects, while species belonging to the genera Diamorus and Monodon- 
tomerus are bred commonly from the nests of bees and wasps, and they are said to 
be parasites of these insects. In a single case, at least, I have positive evidence that 


Monodontomerus was bred from the puparium of a tachinid-fly found in the nest 


with the bee. 
TABLE OF GENERA. 


i; Females; ovipositor prominently/exsented! {2m e-- sseenien occ es eee ieee pee eee eee 
Males. «:cene dave joig (orotate tbe etayonet tetorars ei csate ev ata fate le a veiske cteete eietevoleieneteterere ete 
2 Hind femora beneath very finely denticulate and usually also with a single large tooth, rarely with 2 
Hind femora beneath smooth, with 1 or 2 large teeth, some distance from the apex ............... 3 
8. Seutellum wth across furrow beforejthe apex ere jac creo -poese 14 ornistatstatai= ale atchelistels le rey ioletsy tae enero 


Scutellum without a cross furrow before the apex. 
Abdomen short, not longer than the head and thorax united ; stigmal vein very short. 
Holaspis Mayr (type Torymus militaris Boheman). 
Abdomen elongate. much longer than the head and thorax united; stigmal vein not short, 


OD]IQUE.....0505 acccy cioneiee sewed ceeomeadewcsce se ceo, Wepsterellus Ashmead (typermien): 


10. 


il. 


12. 


. Abdomen with the hind margin of the first dorsal segment (or its flap) incised at the middle .........5 


ASHMBAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 243 


Abdomen with the hind margin of the first dorsal segment straight, not incised. 
Monodontomerus Westwood (type M. obscurus Westw.). 


. Funicle with 6 joints ; head smooth or at most with sparse punctures 6.0... cece cee cece eee ee ee eee 6 


Funicle with 7 joints ; head and thorax with large, thimble-like punctures. 
Hind femora with a single tooth beneath towards apex....................Diamorus Walker 
(type Torymus armatus Boheman). 
Hind femora with two teeth beneath toward apex........................ Physothorax Mayr 


(type Diamorus variabilis Mayr 9, Physothorax disciger Mayr ©). 


. Thorax delicately shagreened ; hind femora with a single indistinct tooth beneath towards apex. 


Plesiostigma Mayr (type P. bicolor Mayr). 


. Eyes bare ; abdomen with the hind margin of the first dorsal segment incised ; hind femora usually ser 


rateon with oné or two teeth beneath towards apex... .. nc. cance css cscs scssesdeasscsecdenes SO 
Eyes hairy ; abdomen with the hind margin of the first dorsal segment straight, not incised ; hind 
femora sometimes without a tooth ............ Oligosthenus Forster (type Ichneumon stigma Fabr... 
Front femora much swollen, the pronotum longer than the mesonotum ; antennze with fwo ring-joints. 
Plesiostigmodes Ashmead, g. nov. (type P. brasiliensis Ashm.). 

Front femora normal, the pronotum shorter than the mesonotum ; antenn with one ring-joint. 
Hind femora serrate and usually with one tooth beneath ; stigmal vein short but distinct, the 
knob always petiolate ; thorax without thimble-like punctures...... Cryptopristus Forster 
(type Torymus caliginosus Walk.). 
Hind femora feebly serrate beneath without a tooth ; stigmal knob sessile, the stigmal vein not 
developed ; thorax with small, thimble-like punctures.......Hemitorymus Ashmead, g. nov. 
(type H. thoracicus Ashm.). 


ATperous Grewith ca dimentary, Winps) ie cetectesceies/ se cele seia~ elein ce eter oi stetelonceohele vis eis) eleteieseia)- = ko 
Winged. 

Hind femora beneath towards apex finely serrate and usually also with one or two teeth.... 18 

Hind femora beneath smooth with one large tooth some distance from the apex........... 10 

Sontellumeiiouty as ChOSS-fULTO WA DELOLG IAPEKe7.torccais ove mt a cloves? cate feist clarsiarelelsveraat ete aersioitiere creiie ofeiet ek 

Scitel ne aniii ar CRORS-fULEOW) | PELOX GLa POX ict < ore eve nyetereve cuaie iors aie oe laleravelerare civ e siere leven sreisteleietaie soy es 

Stigmal vein very short; abdomen concave above. ............0.00000eeeee0++++...Holaspis Mayr. 

_ Stigmal vein not short, oblique ; abdomen not concaye aboye.............-.. Websterellus Ashmead. 

Hind margin of the first dorsal segment incised at the middle... 1.0.0... 0.000 cece eee eee ees 18 


14, 


Hind margin of the first dorsal segment straight, not incised at the middle. 
Monodontomerus Westwood. 
Head smooth, or at the most with sparse punctures ; funicle 6-jointéd............ 0.00 cece ee ee ee A 
Head and thorax with rather large, thimble-like punctures. 
Hind femora with a single large tooth; stigmal vein not short, the knob moderately large ; hind 
tarsi very long, the first joint long. .......... 2... cece ee ee ee ee ee tence Diamorus Walker. 
Hind femora with two rather small teeth (normal form) ; stigmal vein very short, the knob very 
small; hind tarsi not especially long, the first joint not longer than 2 and 3 united. 
Physothorax Mayr. 
Eyes bare; hind margin of first abdominal segment usually incised medially................... 10 
Byes hairy ; hind margin of the first abdominal segment straight, not incised; hind femora usually 
RVR OUR aiOO Ue ene ets mes Sales owe iedrcle Ne cle sleiase snc sence os Ollgosthonus Porster. 


244 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


15. Front femora much swollen, the hind femora finely serrate beneath ; antennze with 2 ring-joints. 
Plesiostigmodes Ashmead, g. nov. (type P. brasiliensis Ashm.). 


Front femora normal, the hind femora finely serrate beneath and often with a tooth ; antennze with 1 


ring-joint. 
Stigmal vein distinct, its knob always petioled........................Cryptopristus Forster. 
Stigmal vein very short, its knob sessile. ..........................Hemitorymus Ashmead. 


16. Antenne inserted close together. 
Antenne 2-jointed, the second clavate (dimorphic form)....Plesiostigma Mayr, Nannocerus Mayr. 
Antennee 4- to 7-jointed ; thorax not depressed ; hind femora with 2 teeth beneath towards apex ; 


hind tibize with spines only at base of tarsi (dimorphic form)...........Physothorax Mayr. 


SusraMILy IV. PopacrIionin#. 

This group in having the hind femora greatly swollen and dentate beneath, with 
the hind tibize curved, resembles the Chalcididx, but otherwise, in the structure of 
head, side pieces of the thorax, coxee, and in venation, it is a genuine Torymid, and I 
have here removed it from the Chalcididx, where late authorities have placed it, to a 
place in this family. 

The genus Podagrion is parasitic in the egg-cases of the orthopterous family 


Mantide. 
TABLE OF GENERA. 


Stigmal vein not so short, the knob petiolate ; tarsal joints 2-5 very short, transverse, the first joint long; 
hind femora armed with 4 teeth................... Pachytomus Westwood (type P. klugianus Westw.). 
Stigmal vein very short, the knob subsessile ; tarsal joints 2-5 not short ; hind femora armed with from 6 
to 8 teeth... . 2.2. eee cc ce cee eee cece ce seresece oe sk Odagrion Spinola (type P..aplendens Spinola). 


SupraMity V. MEGASTIGMINA. 
1875. Megastigmides, Subtribus, Thomson, Skand. Hym., IV., p. 59. 
1899. Megastigmine, Subfamily IV., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 
246. . 

The species falling in this subfamily are easily recognized by the large circular 
or rounded knob of the stigmal vein. 

Species of the genus Megastigmus are bred commonly from hymenopterous and 
dipterous gall-makers (Cynipide and Cecidomytidx) and also from the seed capsules 
of various trees and plants. The group is, therefore, phytophagous as well as para- 
sitic. Megastigmus spermatotr_phus Wachtl was bred from the seed of the Douglas 
spruce, Pseudotsuga douglasii. It is identical with M. pinus Parfitt, also bred from 
the seed of a pine and described thirty-six years earlier. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 
1. Head and thorax smooth or transversely wrinkled or aciculate ; mandibles 3-dentate............... 2 
Head and thorax neither smooth nor transversely wrinkled or aciculate, but sparsely or very finely 


punctate ; mandibles 4-dentate. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 245 


Abdomen distinctly petiolate, the petiole the length of the metathorax, the body short, elliptical, 
not compressed, shorter than the thorax ; scutellum without a cross-furrow before tip. 
Odopoia Walker (type O. atra Walker). 
Abdomen subsessile, the body elongate, subcompressed, the length of the thorax ; scutellum with 
a cross-furrow before apex...... .Bootania Dalla Torre (type Metamorpha leucospoides Walker). 
2. Head seen from in front a little wider than long, the ocelli placed in a slight curved line; seutellum 


with a cross-furrow before apex............Megastigmus Dalman (type Ichneumon dorsalis Fabricius. 


Supramity VI. Ormyrin®. 

1856. Ormyroide, Familie X., Forster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 19, 22 and 24. 
1875. Ormyrides, Subtribus, Thomson, Skand. Hym., LV., p. 100. 
1899. Ormyrine, Subfamily V., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 1V., p. 247. 

Dr. Arnold Férster was the first to separate this group from other Torymids. 
It is a very distinct and compact subfamily, agreeing with the subfamily Toryminw 
in venation and in pleural and pedal characters, but otherwise it is totally different 
from it and the others. The females are easily recognized by the elongate, pointed, 
or conically produced abdomen, non-prominent ovipositor, and by its peculiar sculp- 
ture; the males by the oblong oval shape of the abdomen, as well as by the sculpture. 

It shows some affinity with the Hurytomidx, and particularly with my tribe 
Rileyini, in the shape of the pronotum, and in antennal and abdominal peculiarities. 

All are bred from hymenopterous and dipterous gall-insects, belonging princi- 
pally to the families Cynipide and Cecidomyiide ; only a few species have been 
described. 


Only three genera are known distinguished as follows : 


TABLE OF GENERA. 
ee Males tabdomen oblonpadepresceGkarms nis cite .je cielecrecrasisetoeisriceieaesarusiaeias sersclcatecucre. dacnd 
Females ; abdomen long, conically pointed and more or less compressed, especially towards the apex, 


BEF OVIPORILOL MOV CLAP NO MMU Clie pan ue eects ove dorapsy-t asc Yall felts tuniel ysl etc ich sie stele sie: viele leleties ov wiersiaseccee 12 


bo 


= Abdomen vhiiout a peculiar SCH plore MONA tr. tr: tele a, cielis ce ce e/ersis/es aia ak Sie Gdieereyeuinesioe de vicca B 
Abdomen with a peculiar sculpture, and some of the segments with two rows of pits or deep punctures. 


No large, coarse punctures at base of middle abdominal segments ; antenn with one ring- 


JOIN 6... ee cece ee ee ee eee ee seeeees... Monobeus Forster (type M. cingulatus Forst.). 
With large, coarse punctures at base of middle abdominal segments ; antennz with two ring- 
joints .................++-..+.+.+...Ormyrus Westwood (type O. punctiger Westw.). 


3. Abdomen finely punctate ; antennze with three ring-joints. Tribus Forster (type 7. punctulatus Forst.). 

An ACO MEL LE LOtb ABD COM MALIS CUD UULG <tave si aists note as) sisieiel sano s(eeitisle se.cl¢ciore tbl ac.ctvccecdenresacse D 
Abdomen with a peculiar sculpture. 

Antenne with one TIDE-jOING. .. v2... ce cee ewe ke aeale veces oc uese ose MLONODSUS Forster. 

Antenne with two ring-joints. ...:..........0.00 cece cece cece cece sss Ormyrus Westwood. 


DaeARUCNTIES WIhh Gn eesran P| OU eiiaciseeis ne a0 cx nee sie)b se wien les elpule pies «je wieos e's 6» +e RYLDSOUS Porster. 


246 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Famity LXII. CHALCIDIDZ. 
1830. Chaleide, Family (partim), Leach, Edinb. Eneye., [X., p. 144. 
1840. Chalcidee, Subfamily I. (partim), Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., I., p. 166, 
Synop., p. 665. 
1846. Chalcidide, Family I. (partim), Walker, List Chale. Brit. Mus., I., p. 2. 
1856. Chalcidoidee, Familie II., Forster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 18, 21 and 29. ~ 
1875. Chaleidina Tribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. 11, 12. 
1886. Chalcidinze, Subfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amer, [., p. 197. 
1897. Chalcididee, Family LXII., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 245. 
1900. Chaleididee, Family LXII., Ashmead, Proc. U.S. National Museum, XXIII, 
p. 202. 

This family, although allied to the Torymide and to the Huwrytomide, is very 
distinet in many particulars; by the usually very long, subcylindrical hind cox, 
the greatly swollen hind femora, usually dentate or serrate beneath, by the 
strongly arcuate hind tibizee which are usually obliquely truncately produced at 
apex, so that the tarsi appear to be attached a little before the tips, and by pro- 
notal and abdominal differences. 

The group is most extensively represented in South America, where many genera 
and many species have been discovered. 

Two subfamilies have been recognized, distinguishable as follows: 


TABLE OF SUBFAMILIES. 
Front wings longitudinally folded ; ovipositor curving upwards and backwards over the dorsum of the 
Biya Ce) s1\:) Re ne nee a PerOeM Arena ATA OS COT Eo OE UG oaroo ero oc sieve euevi nel L ibyoparcte reir, 
Front wings not folded; ovipositor when prominent, straight, not curving over the dorsum of the 
SDGOMEN «jai occics rose eee ais tue tins carota eee. eisv'a jw fay nlaco'e 9) x aie'covs ceteeeie ristece cape rsvetetecelauove tere) UDO LTINT Liv pe LU aes Os PACT Ae Td ONAL 


SusraMILy [. Lrucosprpin®. 

1833. Leucopside, Family, Walker, Ent. Mag,, II., p. 13. 
1839. Leucospide, Family XV., Haliday, Hym. Synop., p. ii. 
1846. Leucospidee, Family I., Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I., p. 1. 
1856. Leucospoide, Family L, Forster, Hym. Stud., IL, pp. 18, 20 and 29. 
1886. Leucospine, Subfamily, Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 197. 
1897. Leucospidine, Subfamily I., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., IV., p. 255. 

Dr. yon Dalla Torre, in his Catalogus Hymenopterorum, Vol. V., has incor- 
rectly credited this subfamily to Forster ; it should be credited to Walker, who desig- 
nated it asa family as early as 1833. 

The group isa natural one, and is very distinct from the other groups of the Chal- 
cididz, in habits, in abdominal peculiarities — the ovipositor being curved forward 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 247 


over the dorsum of the abdomen, often reaching to the scutellum, and in having 
the wings longitudinally folded as in the Vespidx, Hwmenide and in the Diapriid 
genus Galesus. 

The group is parasitic in the nest of bees and the longitudinal fold in the wings 
is significant, for the leucospid is thus enabled to craw] into the nest of a bee without 
seriously disturbing its contents. 

The group was monographed by Dr. August Schletterer in 1890, in the Berliner 
Entomologische Zeitschrift, vol. 35. This work should be in the hands of all stu- 
ents who desire to study these insects. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 

1. Frons anteriorly not cornuted ; hind margin of the head not curved inwardly ; third joint of antennz at 
least as long as the second, usually, however, distinctly longer; pronotum anteriorly as broad as 
pebind)-Hecwtell um never COLOALG He miter crarciy siscarayopenctecyalece alc iaiefetest erste ec ine lsitoedeete ave iniee Bia es mete ee 

Frons anteriorly bicornuted ; hind margin of the head curved inwardly ; third joint of antennz smaller 
than the following ; pronotum narrowed anteriorly ; scutellum cordate. 
Marres Walker (type M. dicomas Walker). 

2. Abdomen more or less compressed, rounded or vertically angular posteriorly, but never pointed ; 
ovipositor extends from beneath the venter and curyes oyer the tip of the abdomen backwards, 
reposing upon the dorsum, sometimes extending to the scutellum ; hind coxze without a tooth above ; 
FLAN LLEVA Ie SUN Cnt =] OLN ECO toc actrr te crits fe acclaim cle tie aiccis ae eiste cies este iaci er ieieiienm on caienaar ene 

Abdomen more fusiform and not distinctly compressed, the paunch followed to the dorsum, with a 
long channel and with the apex pointed ; ovipositor confined to the under surface of the abdomen 
and not extending further than to its tip; hind coxze with a strong erect tooth above; maxillary 
palpi 3-jointed, short and slender..........Polistomorpha Westwood (type P. surinamensis Walker). 

3. Front coxz not especially long, much shorter than their femora, the tibiae as long as the femora; 
middle tibize without a tooth at apex ; hind tibiee at apex normal, with 2 spurs. 

Leucospis Fabricius (type L. dorsigera Fabricius). 

Front coxe very elongate, nearly as long as their femora, the tibise shorter than the femora; middle- 
tibize with a tooth at apex ; hind tibis curved and acutely produced into a spine at apex. 


Exoclenus Shipp (type Leucospis anthidioides Westw.). 


SupraMiny II. CHancipin™. 
1835. Chalcidide, Family, Walker, Ent. Mag., IT., p. 20. 
1839. Chalcidide, Family XVI., Haliday, Hym. Synop., p. ii. 
1856, Chalcidoide, Familie, Forster, Hym. Stud., ii., p. 29. 
1897. Chalcidine, Subfamily II., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., IV., p. 247. 

In having the hind femora greatly swollen and usually dentate or serrate, this 
subfamily agrees with the Leucospidine, but differs in having the front wings not 
folded longitudinally in repose, by having a much smaller pronotum, and quite a 
different shaped abdomen, the ovipositor, when prominent, being straight and never 
curved forward over the dorsum. 


248 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


I have divided it into four tribes, which may be distinguished by the characters 
made use of in the following table : 


TABLE OF TRIBES. 


to 


1. Abdomen sessile ........... 


Abdomen -petolater a5 src ieetee  ensesers) oak te are we tacerc fetta oie agel eta ate Peete ey cee eee ee ee ele 


to 


Postmarginal vein wanting or only slightly developed, the stigmal vein very short, sometimes absent ; 

antennz: inserted close to theimouth border’ |. o¢2/-)2)-.2.< <1 ss slauein ie nizistssatalolols cle bi uae ate ia cies eee 
Postmarginal vein always well developed, the stigmal vein rarely very short. 

Antenne inserted near the middle of the face, or at least always above an imaginary line 

drawn from the base of the eyes: .. 2.2... da..00e00.ce en seeseeem osc kribe 1. Chaledmic 

Antenne inserted near the mouth border, or always below an imaginary line drawn from the 

base: of ‘the eyesiy, 2 :r20 226 side cite cols ae ad eee awiets yes ELIS IOV. pLLalbichellink (palin). 


3. Antennze inserted near the mouth border, or always below an imaginary line drawn from the base of 


LA CAC hI eRRD Doc MICO DOCCLIOD COD Jon nOp ac tog ae On ONod DO Sooo hn Sebeadte Saeed ca sces |B 
Antenne inserted near the middle of the face, or always above an imaginary line drawn from the 
base ‘Of the yess nc. ss saw ole wie ce olin or clo! oo elolicre tole faven tin! aralc woles Aepeeeniste ae he/ ele tele eee eee eS eee 
4, Postmarginal vein very long ; ovipositor if prominent not very slender, the eighth dorsal segment often 
produced into a long compressed stylus.....................+-.+-.+.-...-.-. Dvibe I. Smicrini. 

5. Head normal, not cornuted. 
Abdomen petiolate... fac.c2 soko cioe aes: oa, Racer ami cio sudo eatea lg seen Meee oe LaLDe Ml Moa ChLeniants 
Abdomen/sessile-. 2... c\fa. 22 be cacecwes case sane eaten ta nn cies 2e ee LI DEM Veer pOneNLEnye 


Head abnormal, deeply excavated in front, cornuted ; abdomen petiolate or subpetiolate. 
Tribe V. Dirhinini 


Tre ll. Chaleidini. 

This group is distinguished by the sessile abdomen and by having the antenne 
inserted near-the middle of the face or at least never below an imaginary line drawn 
from the base of the eyes. 

Through the genus Acanthochalcis it is related to the subfamily Leucospidine, 
while in the abdominal peculiarities of most of the species the group is much closer . 
allied to the tribe Haltichellini. 

Most of the genera attack principally lepidopterous insects in the pupal stage. 
Phasgonophora, however, and probably also the allied genera Trigonwra, Stypiwra, 
etc., prey upon wood-boring coleopterous larvee. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


dea = 10) Cen ene Arora In eiOon romietloEe onc Os ane ron ac She dogs norm muomesccoe ce ststocaccosteras 2 
2. Seutellum normal, unarmed, although sometimes with a slight median depression towards apex ; if 
with a slight elevated plate behind, the same is entire, rarely subemarginate ..............+.++ 3 
Scutellum posteriorly armed, emarginate or produced. . ase otlovearaitavens choral cleneryectalletenetottstetate tele hsTetenis Tamme 


3. Abdomen not ending in a long, distinct ovipositor, alckondh the eighth aes segment is often much 


produced, long and compressed, resembling a stylus and enclosing the ovipositor............... 4 


6. 


=) 


10. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 249 


Abdomen ending in a long, distinct ovipositor, which is sometimes as long as the whole body. 


Acanthochalcis Cameron (type A. nigrescens Cameron). 


. Abdomen much produced at apex, the eighth dorsal segment long, compressed, resembling a stylus 5 


Abdomen normal, subglobose or ovate, the eighth dorsal segment never very long................ 11 


. Scutellum normal, rounded behind, if with a slight plate behind the same is entire, not emarginate 6 


Scutellum terminating in a projection or plate posteriorly which is usually emarginate........... 8 
DEON, Al PASO LOMNGe day UO CMU CAO mmeraartersycie ais slste(eiclstee ee oa /acc/els\arerea) sjayae a cranisjs seis eaniwere's, L 
Abdomen at base truncate, the truncature bounded by a carina, 

Antenne 13-jointed, the flagellum long, slender, filiform ............Phasgonophora Westwood 


(type P. sulcata Westw.). 


. Eighth dorsal abdominal segment produced into a triangular stylus, the second segment (or the first 


body segment) occupying only about one third the length of the body ; antennz 11-jointed, sub- 
CIAVALG eee ics se sel eeiselceaitoresicsie cies dees sien i> -LEIZODUrA sichel (type 2. crassicauda sichel): 
Eighth dorsal abdominal segment very long, compressed but not triangular, the second segment vari- 
able, usually, however, occupying about half the length of the body ; antennie 11-jointed, filiform, 
tapering toward tips..........................Lhaumatelia Kirby (type Chalcis separata Walker), 


eppcutellumiwith a shor, uhick projection) DEMING. cla. ar aise -<ie'm sie sie eyes Oeis cee e cscs sans cosenes 9 


Scutellum ending in a raised emarginate or bidentate plate. 
MG elf OTA RAD ALT CUleet tal wets aria col efoaiasorsteCaieieisios Hfataiensis bie a: siehig @aaa nl alanis Sew els ac spipamins LO 
Metathorax with two very prominent projections on each side, and very hairy. 
Abdomen with the eighth dorsal segment produced into a long stylus ; antennze 12-jointed. 
Megalocolus Kirby (type Halticella ducator Walker). 


. Metathorax with two teeth on each side; hind femora armed with 7 or 8 teeth beneath. 


Pseuedocholcis Kirby (type Halticella declarator Walk.). 
Metathorax produced and excised medially ; hind femora unarmed..... Oxycoryphe Kriechbaumer. 
(type O. subenea Kriechb.). 
Marginal vein very short, the postmarginal and the stigmal veins abnormally long ; hind femora with 
numerous small teeth beneath (about 14); abdomen long, conically produced. : 

Larradomorpha Stadelman (type L. insignis Stadelm.). 

Marginal vein long, the stigmal vein normal, not very long. 
Hind femora armed with one long tooth followed by 6 or 7 smaller teeth ; antennze 11-jointed. 
Stypiura Kirby (type Chalcis conigastra Perty). 


Hind femora with numerous depressed punctures, and with about 6 large teeth beneath; antennze 


13-jointed. ............0. 00 ee ee eee cess ses Bpitelia Kirby (type Chalcis stylata Walker). 

11. Antenne 13-jointed, with 1 ring-jointed, rather short; hind femora armed with many minute teeth 
beneath. . 2.2... 55 2. ce ce ee ee ce cece ec eeee css s---Chaleis Fabricius (type Vespa minuta Linné). 

TDR CULEUNU POSteniOx yr UMAT Med; NOTLAANs c-. «fre is divers wane ce pdel aie Ries ag Sale niele eleleiele Otietanieeieciésls baw LB 
Scutellum posteriorly armed, emarginate or produced, .........8.. 0. cece ce cece cece cece cece ees 16 

Te eA MAOMer si Ane OUNCE, MO PLUNCHUCs o/0hsi5 cus, 40 ss cic = 9 sole lla:creis ele/siciersjans » sGpele ace ypierisive evo ne LS 
Abdomen at base truncate, the truncature bounded by a carina.......... Phasgonophora Westwood. 

14, Hind angles of metathorax rounded, not prominent. .......... 2.2. ce cece cece cece cece cece ccceee LD 


Hind angles of metathorax prominent, acute, clothed above with usually a silvery white pubescence ; 
thorax coarsely punctate, the abdomen punctate or at least not entirely impunctate ; antenne 


11-jointed, the flagellum filiform,..... ees Matec oe eh RES Sr OTO Acanthochalecis Cameron. 


250 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


15. 


16 


Nee 


18. 


19. 


Antenne 18-jointed. swathione rin f-jOUntin. ayes vera aye roche) alee er be laeiet oe et ars eee ole tonnes etter 
Antenne 11-jointed, with one ring-joint. 

Marginal vein about four times the length of the stigmal vein ; hind femora with 6 moderately 
large teeth beneath; antenne 11-jointed, the flagellum filiform, the first joint shorter than 
tHE SCAPOs.3.55 svrurt.ctjaet ieee Soeniat inser oe acct eae «2 Gree Senn serena Trigonura Sichel. 

Marginal vein long, four or more times longer than the stigmal vein ; hind femora with 8 teeth 
beneath ; antenne 11-jointed, the flagellum long, filiform, the first joint longer than the scape. 


Thaumatelia Kirby. 


_ Seutellum with a short thick projection behind ; metathorax emarginate or armed................ 17 
Scutellum ending in a raised emarginate or bidentate plate ; metathorax unarmed................ 18 
Metathorax produced and excised medially ; hind femora unarmed ...... Oxycoryphe Kriechbaumer. 


Metathorax usually with two teeth on each side (rarely normal); hind femora armed with 7 or 8 
teeth beneath... sh. c-0 anoccs cuccsd boi egs in nebelse cele oes jolss sine sour ap aioe SOMO Cha CIs Kanbys 
Antenne 11-jointed ; marginal vein long, the stigmal vein normal, not very long. 
Hind femora armed with one large tooth, followed by 6 or 7 smaller teeth... Stypiura Kirby. 
Hind femora with numerous depressed punctures and with 6 large teeth .......Epitelia Kirby. 
Antenne (?) 12- or 13-jointed; marginal vein very short, the stigmal vein abnormally long; hind 
femora with numerous small teeth beneath (about 14)................. Larradomorpha Stadelman. 
Hind femora armed with many small teeth beneath. ............................Chaleis Fabricius. 


Tree Il. Smicrini. 


This tribe approaches nearest to the tribe Chaleidini, but is at once separated 


from it by having the abdomen always distinctly petiolate, never sessile, and by 
having the hind coxe abnormally long, as compared with those in the Chalcidini. 


The species are principally parasitic upon lepidopterous larve, although some 


will attack other insects. 


bo 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


Hemialesis vote we Sei coceere Goto rele = noe cue rarmfapatnta wteltelny eve a) sta\ a ola joYeieycu stat ecetto la estate tel viekeaten eure act Reet ete teatime 
Middle tibizs withoutram apical Spite: tsreyars clo store] cetattetete ele) mie tet ete erate ecto te aw el eee ole ee 
Middle tibise with am\ apical Spurs .icreys) te, oucrine ome cc leteie lol aint lo ele ralol eas etete ala alot ee oleate tetera tere 


Antenne 12- or 13-jointed ; thorax black; abdomen ovate or conic-ovate, the second segment shorter, 
not occupying nearly the whole surface ; hind femora armed with many minute teeth. 

Smicra Spinola (type Chalcis sispes Fabr.). 

Antenne 14-jointed ; thorax mostly yellow or marked with yellow, never wholly black ; abdomen coni- 


cally produced, the second segment large, occupying most of the surface ; hind femora armed with 


6 teeth of moderate size.............2+-+-++ee---.-bpitranus Walker (type E. fulvescens Walk.). 

. Hind femora armed with one large or moderately large tooth near base followed by many small or 
mintite: teeth, LOFor maore din) mt bers cree apt etete yale) areata oral ate ete eye te aedeagal esate teeta tel eer eee 
Hind femora armed with from 8 to 9 teeth, the teeth usually large................---..-..+--.. 14 
Metathorax unarmed)... x. v5.55 oe lscom cio sete ci mits eclisle tatelete ketal etm a eetele take eset erel lie eta ke eee 
Metathorax armed with from two to four teeth or projections ............. 0.2 cee ee eee ee ee ee 10 
Scutellum at apex simple, unarmed, without an elevated plate, teeth or spines.................-. 7 


Scutellum at apex armed, with an elevated plate, which is usually emarginate or bidentate ....-.. 13 


ot 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 251 


-_Metathorax witout lateral: teeth Or projections. 222.0 .2.c. 20.6 wc ectvce celincs sare csccecesecccccne 

Metathorax twit lateral teeth) or projections. «2 scseec cs cea ce aeieie)- ciel voles ow sides eeimeiceeces sae. LO 

. Abdomen produced, the eighth segment in female greatly lengthened into a long compressed stylus ; 
antennse 18-jointed......................Bustypiura Ashmead, gen. noy. (type /. bicolor Ashm.). 

Abdomen conic-ovate or fusiform, the eighth segment in female normal or nearly, not produced into a 
stylus ; antennze 13-jointed. 

Petiole of abdomen very long and slender, as long as the thorax or nearly, or at least twice as 
Univer Heys 1a} XOOPS qo Ong condos UpSese Banpoee 100 comedeny Coanibdad cuideno odeomedh 1) 

Petiole of abdomen usually short and stout, never very long or slender ; scape of antennz nor- 
mal, not extending beyond the ocelli Spilochalcis Thomson (type Chalcis xanthostigma Dalm.). 

. Seape of antennze abnormal, very long and usually clavate, extending far above the ocelli, its apex 
beneath sometimes excavated and enclosing the base of the flagellum; abdominal petiole slender 
and of a uniform thickness throughout Ceratosmicra Ashm., gen. nov. (type C. petiolata Ashm.). 

Scape of antenn slender, cylindrical, not or scarcely reaching beyond the ocelli ; abdominal petiole 
thickest at the middle, tapering off towards each end...............Sayiella Ashmead, gen. nov. 

(type Smicra debilis Say.). 

5 Shania imei aiitiruct! Ss. apee puss so coe sob ad socusooedban deg7Secnde 55 daeonoagsescn: tl 

Scutellum at apex bidentate or with an emarginate plate or ridge. 

Metathorax quadridentate (two teeth on each side of the petiole) ; body of abdomen short ovate, 
the petiole shorter than the thorax ; antennze 18-jointed, the flagellum filiform, clothed with 
a dense, short pubescence, the scape short, subcompressed. Xanthomelanus Ashmead, gen. noy. 

(type Chalcis dimidiata Fabr.). 

. Metathorax bidentate (one tooth on each side of the petiole) ; thorax never wholly black ; antennze 

Metathorax quadridentate (two teeth on each side of the petiole) ; thorax sometimes wholly black ; 
scape of antennz long, extending beyond the ocelli. 

Thorax wholly black ; body of abdomen oyate, the petiole variable in length, usually long and 
slender, but shorter than the thorax ; antennze 13-jointed, the flagellum filiform, the scape at 
tip beneath not excavated... Melanosmicra Ashmead, gen. noy. (type M. immaculata Ashm.). 

Thorax yellow or yellow marked with black ; body of abdomen usually conical, the petiole 
long; antennz 18-jointed, the scape at apex beneath excavated. 

Ceratosmicra Ashmead (partim). 

. Seape of antennze normal ; body of abdomen in female fusiformly pointed or conic-oyate, the petiole very 
short, not or rarely longer than thick......................+..+..--Spilochalcis Thomson (partim). 

Scape of antennze usually long and extending much beyond the ocelli ; body of abdomen oyate, the 
petiole very long and slender, as long or nearly as the thorax....Mischosmicra Ashmead, gen. nov. 

(type M. Kahlii Ashm.). 

_ Metathorax normal or with one small tooth on each side of the petiole ; abdomen variable, subglobose, 

conic-ovate or fusiform, but rarely ending in a stylus ; antennze 13-jointed. 
Spilochalcis Thomson (partim). 

5 Sinn BE Ome Spinel San acoose.nc eG Gnoo Bh shoes dodcerdobond O00 St 0 Cone AO OD OrrDE Ucx prime 42 

Antenne 12-jointed. 

Metathorax posteriorly quadridentate..........Thaumapus Kirby (type Smicra decora Walk.). 

J Nra es n (OST Ten Bes Sees ticig omen Goria Gelaio Sbien enneee dodo cle > T0enD BURT meno COSSOOm Dror 

Antenne 14-jointed; hind coxze usually with a leaf-like expansion at apex, their femora armed with 


large or moderate sized teeth. .................+...... Epineus Kirby (type Smicra dux Walker). 


252 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


16. 


17. 


18. 


195 


21. 


Hind femora armed: with  § large teeth ordess.. 2.2. .cctacss ease oa deen ele ee ep eee eu 
Hind femora armed with 9 moderately large teeth. 
Scutellum sometimes unarmed but usually ending in a bidentate plate. 
Enneasmicra Ashmead, gen. noy. (type Smicra erinamius Walk.). 
Hind femora armed with 7 large teeth or. less! 0045 na. qc cose cacin- slike sec see cee elie ee ales ALO 
Hind femora armed with 8 large or moderate sized teeth (the 8th tooth sometimes reduced in size or 
followed by one or two minute teeth, or the 6th tooth is tridentate at apex). 
Mesonotum with distinct parapsidal furrows, or at least distinct anteriorly. ............... 18 
Mesonotum without distinct parapsidal furrows. 
Abdomen fusiformly pointed, the petiole very short ; hind femora about 2} times as long 
AS Wide: 245 60 rele ses ee tee eee Se etOpOceras Kirby (type Smicra leucotelus Walk.). 
Seutellum at apex usually ending in an emarginate or bidentate plate ; abdomen in female lanceolate 
or conically produced ; the 8th segment often long, styliform. 
Octosmicra Ashmead, gen. noy. (type O. laliceps Ashm.). 


Hind’ femora armed with 6ilarpe teethior lessee ssc. ential astern tee oie ceie ene cei noe ee Ee 
Hind femora armed with 7 large teeth, the seventh usually much reduced in size. 
Abdomen in female conically produced or fusiform, the 8th segment sometimes styliform or pro- 

duced into a stylus, the petiole not short ; mandibles in 9 bi- in ¢ tri-dentate. 


Heptasmicra Ashmead, gen. nov. (type Smicra obliterata Walk.). 


,. Hind: fémora:armed: with: bdaree teeth oriless) 7) \uepae ast on se ne eee ee en eee 


Hind femora armed with 6 large teeth (the 6th tooth sometimes broad and at apex 3-dentate). 
Metathorax armed with two triangular teeth and a lamina or plate just behind the insertion of 
the hind wings, the latter extending slightly over the metapleura, the sculpture coarse ; teeth 
of hind femora short and stout. ........ Diplodontia Ashmead (type Smicra carolina Ashm.). 
Metathorax usually, but not always, armed with two, not very prominent, teeth, but without the 
lamina or plate behind the insertion of the hind wings, the sculpture alyeolate ; teeth of hind 
femora large, long. 
Abdomen in female subglobose or short ovate, the petiole always more than twice longer 
than thick.....................Metadontia Ashmead (type Smicra montana Ashm.). 
Abdomen in female lanceolate or fusiformly produced, longer than the head and thorax 
united, the petiole very short, nut longer than thick. 
Hexasmicra Ashmead, gen. noy. (type Smicra transversa Walk.). 
Hind femora armed with’. lance teethy or lessns 2 nese secs tence cieei ie ta aera eneetelae tana 
Hind femora armed with 5 large teeth. 
Eyes very large, occupying nearly the whole sides of the head; mandibles broad, 3-dentate ; 
scutellum usually ending in an emarginate or bidentate plate ; metathorax alveolate. 


Pentasmicra Ashmead, gen. nov. (type P. brasiliensis Ashm.). 


. Hind femora with 4 large teeth ; metathorax usually with teeth or projections, rarely unarmed ; plate 


at apex of scutellum bidentate or broadly emarginate; abdomen ovate or conic-ovate, rarely 
-fusiform, the eighth segment in female never very long........Tetrasmicra Ashmead, gen. nov 
(type Smicra concitata Walk.). 

Hind femora with 3 large teeth...............Trismicra Ashmead, g. noy. (type S. contracta Walk.). 


> Middle tibize withoutan apical (Spurs so). «jis e sun eterna me hecisiets shale seis aie She custeusTe rei aie eee eee eee 


Middle tibise with:an apical spurs <:..:iencoei-c.cs kis iis are eine ee eine ele, et ces Uitte See ae eee 


24. 


25. 


26. 


27. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 253 


Antenne 12- or 13-jointed ; thorax black ; hind femora armed with many minute teeth. .Smicra Spinola. 
Antenne 14-jointed ; thorax yellow or yellow marked with black ; hind femora armed with 6 teeth. 


Epitranus Walker. 


Hind femora armed with one large tooth near base followed by many small or minute teeth, from 10 

kD DO iP TRIOWE PE SE Go sede ce sau ae Bd Saeed ane Hone Med POOR Ee Op Bren br A ann cnet Bare pean pear aa, 
Hind femora armed with from:3 to 9ilarge teeth... 0.0.5... ences ces ee ens cote esse ce seases OO 
Metathorax armed with from 2 to 4 teeth or projections. ............ 0.0.20 ee ce ee cece eee ee ee ee 29 


Metathorax unarmed. 
Scutellum at apex unarmed, without an emarginate or bidentate plate................... 27 
Scutellum at apex armed with an emarginate or bidentate plate. 
Abdominal petiole very long and slender, as long as the thorax or nearly.............-.-.--.... 28 
Abdominal petiole usually short and stout, or at least never very long nor very slender. 
Pronotum anteriorly rounded or sloping, not acute; petiole carinate. Eustypiura Ashmead. 


Pronotum anteriorly acute ; petiole not carinate.....................Spilechalcis Thomson. 


. Seape of antenne abnormal, long and clavate, extending far above the ocelli. Ceratosmicra Ashmead. 


Scape of antennz slender, cylindrical, not or only slight extending above the ocelli. Sayiella Ashmead. 


. Metathorax bi-dentate ; a tooth on each side of the petiole. 


Scape of antennze normal ; abdominal petiole not very long nor slender. 
Spilochalcis Thoms. ( partim). 
Seape of antennze usually long and slender, extending much beyond the ocelli; abdominal 
petiole yery long and slender, as long or nearly as long as the thorax. 


Mischosmicra Ashmead. 
Metathorax quadridentate ; two teeth on each side of the petiole. 


Scutellum at apex, bidentate or with an emarginate plate. ...... Xanthomelanus Ashmead. 
Scutellum at apex normal, unarmed. 
Thorax wholly black ; scape of antennz normal, petiole of abdomen normal. 
Melanosmicra Ashmead. 
Thorax yellow or yellow marked with black ; scape of antennz abnormal ; petiole of ab- 
domen very long. 
Scape long and clavate, excayate at apex beneath, extending far above the ocelli. 
Ceratosmicra Ashmead. 
Scape slender, cylindrical and extending only slightly beyond the ocelli. 
Sayiella Ashmead. 


DO swAQILSNN sy 1G zat] OLNMELL or ota rs alas eta oie) Aletated a 2) os ir i@lo oie oe = elev iciw nfnilelaivlofe\sVelaiateilsis/einieis s|sainya.ejsjsiaiaoeieles OL 
Antenne 12-jointed ; metathorax quadrideutat .............-.0.---2+.-...-... Fhaumapus Kirby. 
Ril MEERUT TL. Ae Onn ree Me CGO 6 DOS COROT BOOT ODD Os tG DORE CObeco Caeser Omer ae: 
Antenne 14-jointed. 
Hind femora armed with large or moderate-sized teeth ......................Bpineus Kirby. 
S27. Hind femora armed with) i laree teGLn OM LESS. or s)o)c2 e's ailo\eieieieie se) wlelae\ sive s\eleje ns leienc.sieldciesive.eses OO 
Hind femora armed with 9 moderately large teeth........................,Enneasmicra Ashmead. 
Sonn TomOLA Armed swith Wane EbECUEN OL LORS. soc ccis se naar cores weles Coles seis cihdibe ois'se0 ve vole oe OF 
Hind femora armed with 8 large teeth. 
Mesonotum without distinct parapsidal furrow ....................+.+++.. Protoceras Kirby. 
Mesonotum with distinct parapsidal furrows.......................... Octosmicra Ashmead. 
Pee Ce MIONe SO lLlt OL IAT OCU CMa LORE dts terse siers:atare ete ala ave fnigy sia” s aJeiavaiel ara ole Biers diel es ws) 4e a ciwaieerey OD 


Hind femora with 7 large teeth. ..........2-20ceeececscecesercvccecese+s- deptasmicra Ashmead. 


254 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


35, Bindfemora armed! with'5 large teethtorwless a ste cies clea sieceieie tara aoe Gi eC eee eee OO 
Hind femora armed with 6 large teeth. 

Metathorax armed with two triangular teeth or projections and a lamina or plate just behind the 
insertion of the hind wings that extends slightly over the mesopleura ; teeth of hind femora 
short and) stomt 4:52 cis.ccle.s eee sey ots lavle Neeiewloeisor clemieeetisiei ete DAD ODOR MaPASRIneaAd: 

Metathorax sometimes armed with two teeth, sometimes unarmed but always without the 
lamina or plate. 


PS ONENOWM! 6:0-2°. « ri wrabalnalors pL owicrs oie siete Gaeenio Dee Roe RET LC LAO ON LIAr ASH MOAGs 

2 iG) UNEN OWI 6 join srele-o\ yore sic ie -4afoe 2) ain se) sinveale) Saisie erecta eee s MELe SASMMICI Ay ARNE Ane 

36. ‘Hind: femora,.armed with 4 larse teeth on lessy./.-0n<-cvsieei en elec alae iem ene seine a eee en 
Hind femora armed with 5 large teeth. ...........--.+..++++++.++-+.+...... Pentasmicra Ashmead. 
37. Hind femora armed with 4 large teeth........................-++++--.+. Letrasmicra Ashmead. 
Hind femora armed with 3 large teeth.............0+..00q0+0+e0ss+e-0++se+-,--erismicra Ashmead. 


Tripe IIT.  Chaleitellini. 

This tribe is proposed for a small group closely allied to the tribe Haltichellini, 
but is easily distinguished by the distinctly petiolate abdomen. 

The group is unknown to the American fauna, although some South American 
genera in the Smicrini come quite close to it; they are, however, easily separated 
by having the antenne inserted farther up on the face and not low down close to 
the mouth, as in this tribe. 

TABLE OF GENERA. 


Dis, Hernia les rats tcchs:jaye whee fercstevare trate yas eveneoe a etaleveve als fo oo oat O ee are ona Carat opera Tene aie alls Eaten ee 
2; MAN tenn se 132] OUNGEM Was) Gala coy Sian sees were RGIS ate, Sim: SNS ore wlan g Siar Nar ota EIEN OEE ea ROOTS Lee Eom 


Antenne 11-jointed (the club indistinctly jointed). 
Hind femora with 7 or 8 large teeth........,Chalcitella Westwood (type C. evanioides Westw. ) 
3. Hind tibize without a tooth outwardly near base, the hind femora armed with many very minute teeth. 
Arretocera Kirby (type Epitranus albipennis Walk.). 
Hind tibize with a tooth outwardly near base, the hind femora with one large tooth and then finely 
serrate beyond............................. Anacryptua Kirby (type Epitranus impulsator Walk.). 
4, Characters as in females. 
Trise LV. Haltichellini. 

This tribe resembles most closely the tribe Chalcidini and is separated from it 
with dicuffilty, the difference in the insertion of the antennee alone being the only 
character that readily distinguishes the two tribes. 

In this tribe the antenne are inserted c/ose to the mouth border, the scape being 
long, while the postmarginal vein is wanting, or rarely very long as in the Chalcidini 
and the Smicrini. 

TABLE OF GENERA. 
1. Females ....... ove sala Shaver late) ole) Bie hotell ce lareteiax aratkeie’ erecta ialoyee gales overall otayedaccloys tet rata tete tel ences ce ere ate nee ee 


bo 


i 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES Pele 


Hind femora with one or more large teeth or projections beneath, as well as being finely denticulate 

fr RONGDIT Breas an abla ta Abend pr hac Se OID ERA DIES. OB oie PS OID CE RCE ROLES Crk ears re eae Im 
Hind femora simple or at most very finely denticulate beneath, without a large tooth or projection 7 
Me nn OFAxaH OLIN Al MenaLHOUE ILO] CCIONS ae aaa more ed ante cclsioe fetes cethciss seuss crue «ieee fais coerce 


Metathorax with projections, i. e., spines or teeth on each side posteriorly ..............-....... 14 


. Hind femora with two prominences or elevations beneath and minutely denticulate. 


Hockeria Walker (type H. dexius Walk.). 

Hind femora not so formed, at the most with one prominence or one tooth, the edges beyond usually 
fine ydenticulateonberrateu mecca cere toni aoek ane ceca so oekeoeee ee ae wecnnaminaae ne OD 
Antenne 13-jointed ; scape without a tooth beneath near the middle, ...............Neochalcis Kirby 
(type Luchalecis vetuta Dufour). 

Antenne 11-jointed ; scape With a tooth beneath near the middle...................Buchalceis Dufour 


(type E. miegii Dufour). 


6. Scutellum at apex bidentate ; hind femora armed with 11 small teeth beneath ; antennze 11-jointed, 
Allocera Sichel (type A. bicolor Sichel). 
72 Metathorax: normal), without projections or teeth. 22 o.<. sc.cc ae = sat cneiscitis wie we cerea sees en cieeee 8 
Mefathorax with projections or teeth on each side <2 .:.-.5-ccccccecr st cece ss sats er ce srecaces 14 
Se scutellum aormsalnelther bidentate non spined- iain d. en acn. cite tose cies case cia cise er cielere sche 
Sentellumbeithemspined orjbidentate avapex .s7.f ace. oe cece osc ds tm ce anes co aa amie netetiiineiie cme LL 
9. 


10. 


UGE 


13. 


14. 


Hind femora beneath with the edges finely denticulate or serrate, the head normal or not very thin 
ANILETO=POSLELLOLIY oer sions sro erect Poe fore Scheer = eerie aiey cae ee ehemen OE is eae ate meine erie Te cantare ROO 
Hind femora swollen but the edges beneath simple, not denticulate, the head lenticular and very thin 
antero-posteriorly, wider than the thorax, the ocelji on a straight line; stigmal vein curved, not 
short, a little longer than half the length of the marginal vein ; costal cell broad ; antenni 18- 
jointed, with 2 ring-joints..................Encyrtocephalus Ashmead (type 2. simplicipes Ashm.). 
Antenne 13-jointed ; abdomen short, the second segment (first body segment) occupying about half the 
whole surface ; hind femora armed with about 12 small teeth,.................Haltichella Spinola 
(type Chalcis pusilla Spinola). 
Antennie 12-jointed ; abdomen short, the second segment occupying fully half the whole surface ; hind 
femora very minutely denticulate beneath..............Conura Spinola (type C. flavicans Spinola). 
Snutelluntatrapaxe pid eutatemme terri adarerite eam or tora iva ie etereninyeerecterralesrertve nei. lS 
Scutellum at apex produced into a long, stout spine... .. 2.2.0... ccc ce cece tee tee ee eee ees 1S 
Antenne 12-jointed, very long, the scape long ; hind femora unarmed .........,Antrocephalus Kirby 
(type Haltichella fascicornis Walk.). 
Antennz 11-jointed, the flagellum very long and slender ; hind femora beneath with the apical half or 
so finely denticulate and often hairy..........Stomatoceras Kirby (type Halticella liberator Walk.). 
Antenne 11-jointed, the flagellum subclavate, densely pilose ; hind femora unarmed. 
Aspirhina Kirby (type Halticella dubitator Walk.). 
Antennze 12-jointed, the flagellum filiform; hind femora armed with one large triangular tooth, the 
edges beyond finely serrate..........Notaspidium Dalla Torre (type Notaspis formiciformis Walk.). 
Aoiteninises | O= OK ik JOU LCDs ates clep sete ai ele tellers (aie e's e/a lea ieies aia) s 6 4/arors, simi aripsiniwicis olnie ori tle ic eS .s vie ieee sens 16 
Antenne 12-jointed. 
\ifhifes Sigirvenitanall aa Sore sdomoemaneaccs obobSaAerta sor iD 0 ddd Doe Oo pcan tae eee) 
Wings variegated. 
Metathorax with a stout spine on each side; abdomen with the second segment occupying 


half the whole surface........... Trichoxenia Kirby (type Halticella cineraria Walk.). 


256 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


16. 


16, 


ily 


18. 


Heh 


Metathorax long with a long projection on each side posteriorly ; abdomen not longer than the thorax, 
subcompressed at the sides, the second segment long ; subcostal vein ending in a knob, the marginal, 
postmarginal and stigmal veins not developed......Hybothorax Ratzeburg (type H. graffii Ratzeb.). 

Metathorax short, ending in two long divergent spines; abdomen oval, acute at apex, the second seg- 
ment long; marginal vein present ; the stigmal vein short, not distinct. 


Kriechbaumerella Dalla Torre (type Calops palpebrator Kriecht). 
Antenne 10-jointed. 


Postmarginal vein long and slender, the stigmal vein short, its knob subpetiolate ; head viewed 
from in front triangular ; abdomen briefly pointed at apex. 
Hippota Walker (type Chalcis pectinicornis Latr.). 
Hind femora with one or more large teeth or projections beneath, as well as being finely denticulate 


Hind femora without a large tooth or projection beneath, simple or smooth, or at the most finely den- 


ticulate: DeneatH 2 <5. s.tersh sic "et ncve: divi epee sree esate eieiae) ale ouarharele keraltleyeraiioys totaal ee ee 
Metathorax norma), without projecbions OT Eebh. <1. saraj.1-0c0s cior=lota'= pore! =o ans tatael stesso eevee nee ere) 
Metathorax auith projections or teeth on each! sides J. 2.iu,ie)a- beats = ereleelee sees eee ete eee 


Hind femora with a single large triangular tooth ; scutellum produced into an acute spine. 
Antenne 12-jointed. . Pe IR eee Pek ee Nek .. Notaspidium Dalla Torre. 


Hind femora with one or two prominent projections pencath near the middle and finely denticulate or 
serrate. 


Hirid femora) with»onesprominenGe.... «7. «202 ee ara ceen ee ee eee ee Eee 

Hind femora with two prominences..................--+.e++++00+++---++..- -Hockeria Walk. 
Antenne lS sointed 52s... cro sei bers 2a cio) aspects. tal ae nis ae ee PE COCA einen ye 
Antentice V2 Foi ted <2 5 soi ckeseucle. « oteiarte cares cose te a deteen eT eee ae ee Toe ee LCCC SED CT 

» Metathorax normal, awithout projections .% . .)..cimten = Aice1s's ons esis ote i esis eho 
Metathorax with a projection on each’ side...) 2.5...» --)22- 1 Js eee oe eae ee eS 
- Scutellum normal, neither bidentate nor spined. ............ 0.000 cc ee ee cece eeceeeaecrecences DB 
Sentellum/ecither spined or sbidentate) 5.25. eee ces cloon ie Ce Mee eee eee 


. Hind femora beneath with the edges finely denticulate or serrate ; head normal, or at least not very 


thin: antero=posteriorly: i). o:% (eis 5 oct lodas oc be De nee erase Solan nee ee eee 
Hind femora beneath smooth, not denticulate. 
Head lenticular, very thin antero-posteriorly and wider than the thorax ; antennz normal, 13- 
jointed, with 2 ring-joints ; middle tibizeslender. ......... .. Bneyrtocephalus Ashmead. 
Head normal ; antenne abnormal, 13-jointed, with 1 aie the pete and first two joints of 
the flagellum each covered above by a broad lamina or horny flap ; middle tibiz clavate. 


Schwarzella Ashmead, g. noy. (type S. arizonensis Ashm.). 


24. Antenne 18-jointed), 4.25.) 2.5-3.405%= so waceteycln we crestor @ jeie A ss ae clesale oie ara Sree are RE cS mn 
Antenne 12-jointed ov..0 a.< ssc0 x ds bonis pwestawedene Metece s(t seis ante f= Save) tacos ee teior anne ke ete tReet DNEEE LEN es TO tad 
25, Antenne 1L- or! L2=[OImE!]M oc js% occ seo.e ie, Secs one aici oaesete wens w cerns foye eeeas ee een ee PETS Pe acc ee aceon eee 
Antenne 13-jointed. 
26: ‘Sceutellum produced into a)long.stout Spine’ (22 G2) cre = tele ee inside cr cvet eras eect eee eee 
Scutellum at apex bidentate or with a median impression. 
Antenne 12-joitited sacs. 0s 25a vee ae dnc nncis baie oa cp een ewe es cela nas as eM DD EEOCG EIA aecmnaa 
Antenne 11-joimted... cyt. cescvel ete Be Siti oye stn Fe eles vel ate roles orejels tater eyaie ms ebay BO LLL MOLE CNieass SEN EE 
27. Antenne 11-jointed ; hind femora unarmed...........00 cee ee ee ee ee eeeeeess ss. Aspirhina Kirby. 


Antenne 12-jointed ; hind femora with a large, triangular tooth ..........,.Notaspidium Dalla Torre. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 257 


PUPS emma ecrLarrse wl C) =e ChIUM AML ey COXRT LGD rete ycieeterancy eeaeioy etetiaratetare-avata i A's fo) clones (<] nismeichatetel NS@rclelcle ial ws\c.e'ecisisie.s «cle sere. OO 


Antenne 12-jointed. 


WIT DSi Ole RVALEP Cerrone te vansteye ral P¥ <tat-relmiapeisyate: el eka sfeieyeiatelclciotavaleie invalielsliclel ofM/elersve) e(efsle st ai ale) (0) 
\inhifasipuule silos ne as Soon up Olu oeodb ood docOUdae be no cosnon bodes crimemy stale 4) MEM One 


29. Metathorax long, with a long projection on each side posteriorly ; subcostal vein ending in a knob, the 

marginal and stigmal veins not developed, ............+.-0+++++++++++... Hybothorax Ratzeburg. 
Metathorax short, ending in two long divergent spines ; marginal and stigmal veins present. 

Kriechbaumerella Dalla Torre. 

30. Antenne 10-jointed (or 11-jointed with a ring-joint)....................+...-....-. Hippota Walker. 


Tripe V. Dirhinini. 
This tribe is distinguished from all the others by having the head deeply emar- 
ginate and horned. The antenne are inserted close to the mouth as in the 


Haltichellint. 
TABLE OF GENERA. 
i. Ibu Hey Bale Secor Soe er AIS CD GOAd Cod Ob Opa OIStIcOO sO Db ODIN Ee Coil CONTE ACO IOD Ire CRO Cierra eicin 


Ovyipositorn notexser ted) MERA) wD) CWOMLONIS ora cel ce) = \eiejers ete oie miel ele elelels inte ele) =e clelcie wieioiel sielaiels\s: areal 


eo Hw bo 


bo 


Ovipositor strongly exserted, long ; head with four horns ; antenn 18-jointed. 
Hontalia Cameron (type H. cwrulea Cameron). 
3. Metathorax strongly bidentate. 
Antenne 12-jointed............................ Dirhinus Dalman (type D. excavatus Dalman). 
Antenne 13-jointed ........................... Bniaca Kirby (type Chrysis hesperidum Rossi). 
dhe TRIGIAG SGT NOME aoe oo Ao ee CO PbUb BH GOON bs DA aEODUOOT00.0000 00 0d .5o Gonbigeucco Boag be counee 


Head with four horns. 


Metathorax without teeth ; antenne 13-jointed........................-....Hontalia Cameron. 
5. Metathorax strongly bidentate. 

Antenneyl2=| OIntedeeer Eee cra atest a ceiesis wea a ciseinninc as sere ieseewe ots es) Dirhinus Dalman. 

AIbENIISenL 5-1 OLE Meer Meer eyS an eta ets vamtina ash sawearers) ees ote eioraoios 1 bane eulace Kirby. 


Famity LXIII. *-EURYTOMIDZE. 
1830. Cynipsida Leach, Edinb. Eneye., [X., p. 144. 
1833. Eurytomide, Family I., Walker, Ent. Mag., I., p. 12. 
1840. Eurytomides, Subfamily 2, Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., I., p. 166 ; 
Synop., p. 66. 
1846. Eurytomide, Family 38, Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, 1., p. 8. 
1856. Eurytomoide, Familie XIT., Forster, Hym. Stud., ii., pp. 19, 23, 44. 
1875. Eurytomina, Tribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. 11, 25. 
1886. Eurytomine, Subfamily, Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 19. 
1897. Eurytomide, Family LXIII, Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., IV, p. 245. 
On account of the diversity of habits among the various groups composing this 
family it is one of the most interesting of all of the families in this great complex 
to study, except possibly the family Agaonide. 


258 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Some are phytophagous or gall-makers; others live in the nests of bees and 
wasps; Others are parasitic upon gall-making Hymenoptera and Diptera; while 
still others are genuine parasites on Coleoptera and other insects, and a few, repre- 
senting my tribe Rileyini, destroy the eggs of orthopterous insects. 

The family may be separated into five tribes as follows: 

er rei yond 
a ro TABLE OF TRIBES. yb’ 
ae Or on 
1. Metathorax seen from aboye short, not longer than the scutellum, usually distinctly shorter, and some- 
what:abruptly declivous .c..07 5 00s Sac inss e 0 oven late win leave orelote aera oe annie Sted Gia cenaice ee eee 


Metathorax seen from above long, always longer than the scutellum and usually gradually sloping to 


apex (in a single case quadrate and squarely truncate behind) .............-.0s0ecceceeresses 2 
2., Head not cornuted’;) eyes oval oriovate, MOMVOUNG . —. ca,.6 0 2.2n.csije sles Wie cele seles os oe Ds pe es eee 
Head cornuted, much wider than the thorax ; eyes round ..................... Tribe I. Aximini. 


3. Marginal vein slender, longer than the stigmal or rarely shorter, but never very stout or stigmated ; 
abdomen most frequently long in both sexes, in female conic-ovate or conically pointed ; antennz 
dissimilar in the sexes, in females usually subclayate, in males with the joints of the funicle con- 
stricted or excised at apex with whorls of long hairs ......................-.. Tribe II. Isosomini. 

4. Marginal vein short and stout, stigmated, either quadrate or semicircular...................++.... 6 

Marginal vein usually slender, linear, rarely stout, but never stigmated, quadrate, or semicircular 5 

5. Antennz 10- to 12-jointed, with only one ring-joint, and dissimilar in the sexes, in females filiform or 

subclavate, in males with the funicle joints excised or petiolate at apex, with whorls of long hairs or 

with sparse long Hairs .0ci57. <)c/cscon aoc ce euclarsehe cheisiae Ge. oe dominic SEs lo ie tee ee oe TED CRUMB ION Via EARLE 

Antenne 13-jointed, with two or three ring-joints, and very similar in the sexes, the funicle joints not 

excised or pedicellate at apex, and without whorls of long hairs.............. Tribe TV. Rileyini. 

6. Antenne at the most 11-jointed, with 1 ring-joint, the funicle 4-jointed and very similar in both sexes, 

filiform or subclavate, without whorls of long hairs; abdomen short, globose, or oval, never very 

long or strongly compressed ; hind tibize with rigid bristles behind............Tribe V. Decatomini. 
TRIBE I. Aaimini. 

Mr. Peter Cameron, in Biol. Centr. Amer. Hym., Vol. 1, p. 111, established for 
Auvima Walker and Hontalia Cameron, the subfamily Aximine. The two genera, 
however, have nothing in common, are quite distinct in structural characters and 
belong to different families. Mr. Cameron was evidently deceived in regard to 
their relationship by a superficial resemblance in the structure of the heads of these 
insects. Axima is clearly a eurytomid, as I first pointed out several years ago, while 
Hontalia is a chaleidid allied to Dirhinus, and must be placed in my tribe Dirhinini. 
Axima is parasitic in the nests of the small carpenter bees, Ceratinide. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 
OL, Females via. = oc n/05 fsisis opeaiete ate aieiate e ojc1e s/t = fel wntolavcisesjse Sio’e o Aealcuet op clan ecsp a oT are eae 
2. Marginal vein four or more times longer than the stigmal vein; antennz 11-jointed, the funicle 6- 
jointed ; abdomen long, lanceolate, compressed,..........Axima Walker (type A. spinifrons Walk.). 


3. 


” 
ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 259 
Marginal vein hardly twice the length of the stigmal vein; antennze 11-jointed ; abdomen not long, 
lanceolate..................0++e+++e++.+-AxXimopsis Ashmead, gen. nov. (type A. morio Ashm.). 
Marginal vein four or more times longer than the stigmal ; antennze 11-jointed, the funicle joints long, 


binodose, each joint with two whorls of long hairs......................+.-....-Axima Walker. 


Marginal vein hardly twice the length of the stigmal vein...................Aximopsis Ashmead. 


Tribe Il. TJsosomini. 


All the species falling in this tribe are phytophagous and thus differ in habits 


from all of the other tribes. 


The group approaches very close to the Eurytomini and many of the species 


were at first described under the genus Hurytoma. There is, however, a well 


marked structural difference between them, and the tribe may be easily separated 


by the characters made use of in my table of tribes. In having a long metathorax 


and in the antennal characters of most of the genera, the Jsosomini approach 


nearest to the Aximini, but the horned head in the latter is sufficient to keep them 
apart. 


ils 


TABLE OF GENERA. 
DESUEN CHEST Ey eo et Se MR Og ok REN SP IPR ERT OI sect gtr RRs Pepe eee > 


bo 


“I 0c 


PASTS UE TOUIS oy eyeera ve atare sates cea Laer cteane Tecate cally cy sleale Cole aieere er hor ats tea ad TOME a Le tie cl ada es hee Me nh ovein Lacan Crea 
Winged. 
Marginal vein always longer than the stigmal vein... 2... 0... ccc cece ce cece sesecccesescee O 
Marginal vein shorter than the stigmal vein, the latter very oblique, extending off from the 
marginal at an angle of thirty degrees. 
Head and thorax umbilicately punctate, the frons with a deep antennal furrow ; abdo- 
men elongate, conic-ovate, the dorsal segments subequal, as in Isosoma. 
Isosomodes Ashmead (type Jsosoma gigantea Ashm.). 
Metathorax sloping or rounded behind, not abruptly and squarely truncate behind, ............... 4 
Metathorax quadrate, abruptly and squarely truncate behind. 
Mesonotum delicately umbilicately punctate ; abdomen ovate, slenderer than the thorax, the 
second segment the longest, the others about of an equal length. 
Isosomorpha Ashmead (type J. europe Ashm.). 
Thorax more or less distinctly umbilicately punctate, punctate or shagreened, opaque, never smooth 
and shining ; antennze usually 11-jointed, with 1 ring-joint, the funicle 5-jointed.................5 


Thorax smooth and shining, impunctate or at the most feebly microscopically shagreened. ......... 6 


. Mesonotum umbilicately punctate, punctate or rugulose ; abdomen usually long, conically pointed, 


the segments subequal in length, the fourth not or only slightly longer than the third. 
Isosoma Walker (type Ichneumon verticellata Fabr.). 
Mesonotum with the middle lobe nearly smooth, delicately punctate, with usually delicate transverse 
aciculations anteriorly ; abdomen very long, conically pointed, the fourth segment very long. 


Euoxysoma Ashmead (type Systole brachyptera Ashm.). 


. Pedicel longer than the first joint of the funicle, the joints of the latter moniliform or nearly ; abdomen 


ovate, with the fourth segment much longer than the others, except the second ; postmarginal vein 


scarcely longer than the stigmal vein.............Isosomocharis Ashmead (type J. sulcat Ashm.). 


260 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Pedicel shorter than the first joint of the funicle or no longer, the first three joints of the funicle obconi- 
cal ; abdomen conically pointed, with the segments, except the second, which is the longest, nearly 
of an equal length (sexual form) .........................-Philachyra Haliday (type P. ips Hal.). 

7. Mesonotum and scutellum highly polished, impunctate ; abdomen conic-ovate, as long as the head and 


thorax united ; antenn:e 11-jointed, the funicle 5-jointed, the first joint the longest, obconical, longer 


than the pedicell(Agamic'formi)y -) .-).. .cjsns sictvs de sjsins oe se cece te aes opener Rach yraHalidaye 
8. Marpeinal veinalways longer than the:sitemall-vein..s.. eee sock be eer eer Gere ee eee EEE Een, 


Marginal vein shorter than the stigmal vein. 

Head and thorax umbilicately punctate, the former with a deep frontal furrow ; flagellum fili- 
form, the joints of the funicle long, three or more times longer than thick, briefly pedicellate 
atapex, with two whorls of long hairs on each joint,................ Isosomodes Ashmead. 

9. Metathorax not abruptly and squarely truncate behind, either sloping or rounded ................. 10 

Metathorax quadrate, abruptly and squarely truncate behind ; head and thorax umbilicately punctate. 

Isosomorpha Ashmead. 

10. Thorax smooth and shining, impunctate or at the most very feebly, microscopically shagreened... 13 

Thorax more or less distinctly umbilicately punctate, finely punctate, or coarsely shagreened, 

OPOULULE Ses ais a rover otha eie.a ea setae nile o ottefahalere ovacaroratcoucraiatatone Yds, Sait odds eco e Oe ec ee en 

ll.’ Head and'thorax:finely pun ctates 21. oi cic. ass cso s.c srelniats Wersicle ke etes restos eee ie aieaioe nee Eee 
Head and thorax more or less umbilicately punctate or coarsely shagreened. 

Mesonotum more or less distinetly umbilicately punctate, not finely transversely aciculate ante- 
riorly ; funicle joints long, more than thrice longer than thick, constricted or briefly pedicellate 
at apex, with indistinct whorls of long hairs .............0..00scseveeeceeees Isosoma Walker. 

Mesonotum not so punctate, the middle lobe smoother, delicately punctate, with usually delicate 
transverse aciculations anteriorly, ...................2+.e+2+-++++. buoxysoma Ashmead. 

12. Metathorax elongate ; abdomen clavate, the petiole slender, punctate, as long as the hind cox, the 
body a little longer than the thorax ; antennze filiform, slender, pubescent. 

Aiolomorphus Walker (type A. rhopaloides Walk.). 

13. Funicle joints long, subcontracted near the middle and subpetiolate at apex, each joint with two, some- 

what irregular, whorls of long hairs...............0++e+eeee+ee+e+.-.-L80somocharis Ashmead. 

Funicle joints long, petiolate or subpetiolate at apex, with long hairs, but not arranged in two whorls 

and the joints cylindrical, without a median contraction ; abdomen oblong-oyal, the petiole rugulose, 

about twice as long as thick ora little longer, the second segment the longest segment, longer than 

the third and fourth united, the latter about equal with those beyond ........Philachyra Haliday. 


Tree Il. Kurytomini. 

This is the most extensive tribe in the family and the National Museum collec- 
tion contains many undescribed species. All of the species are genuine parasites 
and destroy the larvee of several orders, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, ete. 

Dr. A. D. Hopkins, of the West Virginia State Agriculture College, claims, 
however, that Bruchophagus (Kurytoma) funebris Howard is phytophagous and 
states he has proved it by a series of experiments. I think, however, some mistake 
has been made and I cannot accept Dr. Hopkins’ observation as conclusive. Dr. 


Howard described it as having been bred from Cecidomyia lugumicola Lintner, living 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 261 


in clover seed. All the other species, however, belonging to this genus, whose para- 
sitism is known, destroy coleopterous laryee, and I am inclined to think that both 
Drs. Howard and Hopkins are wrong, and that Bruchophagus funebris is a parasite 
upon some Bruchus, or the larva of a small rhynchophorous beetle living in the 
clover seed. 

The genera are numerous, but it is believed these may be easily recognized by 
the use of the following table : 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


ome LUNN CRS SEs ten eds Pa reat MASE OAD actatiatote A Macc ravciey Peles oe easiest So, slativ we Me tho koa Rat bideowecees (2 
VES Sey eh een otra ate te Mig OS ior erare SAT re aay eatets chm cia sldahe sa dats eae ee deb ee elects cea Gul 
MeN G DEMMGEAN RCH 25 ocr t hime menaiovatat arate idle Sas Near waidleehn oye sige, Falta ME Ea cla dine SBS. deaibelace cee OS 


Metallic green or blue, coarsely, umbilicately punctate. 

Head in front quadricarinate (a carina along the inner orbits and bounding the frontal furrow) ; 
eyes surrounded by a ring of coarse punctures ; antennz 11-jointed, sometimes appearing 
only 9-jointed by the union of the club joints ; funicle 5-jointed, the joints long, the first the 
longest, about two-thirds the length of the scape ; abdomen conic-ovate, the fifth segment the 
longest ..... 0... ce ee ee cece ee ee ee eeee +s +-Chryseida Spinola (type C superciliosa Spinola). 

Se NicKONcuUNLCIstiNnchyzumMOIiCcately PUNCLALEs: 2. cas co Acco « Cuma Tatne ras eae elaevicate godess of 

Mesonotum not umbilicately punctate, smooth or nearly, shagreened, or at least rugulosely punctate.. 12 

4. First joint of the funicle elongate, as long or nearly as the scape, or at least never less than two-thirds 

Banger ee Ny Ses CEN CERIO fan a. a G1 evs wn wt» rote ah Mite, bie > Gi Beale a dra ator eion ad, Fos See int a olitare edie aterersed DB 

First joint of the funicle not especially long, never longer than half the length of the scape, but 

Eipnelerraa cle Shceeln Gamba tee kas a atienic Ooi 4.\Sois dee. oan, ein maton asedesaeene 6 

5. Head with a deep antennal channel, the front ocellus lying in it at apex ; antennz 11-jointed, filiform, 
not or only slightly thickened toward apex. 

Abdomen rarely much longer than the head and thorax united, strongly compressed, pointed at 
apex; seen from the side, the dorsum is strongly convexly elevated, the fifth segment the 
Jomgest. .... 0... .c cece ce ee ce cece ceeeceseee. ephrata Cameron (type B. ruficollis Cam.). 

Abdomen very elongate, narrow, lanceolate, compressed, fully twice as long as the head and 
thorax united, the segments more nearly equal in length. : 

Aximogastra Ashmead, gen. nov. (type A. bahie Ashm.). 

6. Mesonotum with distinct, complete parapsidal furrows... .........0 cece cece cccecccsccecccccecce. 7 

Mesonotum without parapsidal furrows or the furrows are only indicated anteriorly.............., 14 

7. Head sometimes with a deep frontal channel or antennal furrow, but the front ocellus is never placed 

within it, but always above it near the anterior margin of the vertex. .......... 0.0... c0ee0002. 8 

Head with a deep frontal channel or antennal furrow, the front ocellus always placed at the apex of 
this furrow, never above it. 

Scape elongate, more than twice longer than the first joint of the funicle, the funicle joints 
rather long, the first about twice as long as thick ; abdomen compressed, not longer than the 
head and thorax united, ending in a conical point; the dorsum, as seen from the side, is 
highly conyexly elevated ; postmarginal vein variable, sometimes shorter than the marginal, 
but rarely very much longer; hind tibise with rather short, stiff bristles behind. 

Prodecatoma Ashmead, gen. noy. (type P. flavescens Ashm.). 


262 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


8. 


10. 


11. 


12. 


13. 


14. 


5, Non-metallic, smooth, delicately shagreened or umbilicate punctate, rarely finely punctate. .. 


Marginal vein always distinctly longer than the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein well developed, 
sometimes very Long. :.< 5.5 .sipcots aye bie se wie ose le i eanielo's torel sle)einte o/s ose soles peetate etsy atatsia\h ate] state 
Marginal vein short, not, or scarcely, longer than the stigmal vein, usually a little shorter, the post-mar- 


ginal vein rarely well developed, rarely as long as the stigmal (in only a single case is it very long) .. 13 


‘Hind ‘tibise with 2hapicalispirsys, S0i7.gete vse wlencehs etvieie «stelle eek koma wes roide cee Cee ner ete eae remnees 


Hind tibiz with 1 apical spur. 

Funicle with the joints oval-moniliform ; eyes broadly oval. 

Phylloxeroxenus Ashmead (type Eurytoma phyllexere Ashm.). 
Postmarginal vein very long, fully twice as long (or even longer) as the stigmal vein.........-.... 11 
Postmarginal vein not much longer than the stigmal vein. 

Marginal vein scarcely longer than the stigmal ; antenne clavate, the club large, 3-jointed, the 
joints of the funicle moniliform ; abdomen with the fifth segment, as seen from the side, two 
or more times longer than wide ; head convex in front, the occiput deeply concave. 

Eurytomocharis Ashmead (type E. minuta Ashm.). 

Marginal vein very distinctly longer than the stigmal ; antennze filiform or nearly, at most sub- 
clavate, not greatly thickened towards apex, the joints of the funicle oblong, cylindrical ; 
abdomen conic-oyate, subcompressed, the fifth segment, as seen from the side, shorter than 
Wide, 0. ce ec ce cee ceeccecwesctsccsssssocesers s+ shurytoma DMliger (type £. planata Ilig:)- 

Hind tibis:normal; notidilated, 3.7 2.2. cecil Aca ee eee to Ae cots se ale ateiaaies es ine eee 
Hind tibixe compressed, dilated. 

Head transverse, wider than the thorax, and thin antero-posteriorly, the eyes more or less 
rounded, prominent ; antennze inserted far above the middle of the face, the scape very long, 
reaching far above the ocelli and with a tooth or tubercle at apex beneath, the flagellum filiform 
with sparse hairs, the funicle joints more than twice longer than thick ; abdomen very strongly 
compressed, the petiole long and slender. Eudoxinna Walker (type Sesxetra transversa Walk.). 

Marginal vein at least one and a half times as long as the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein not 
longer than the stigmal; abdomen conic-ovate, longer than the thorax, the fifth segment nearly 
twice as long as the fourth ; antennz 11-jointed, the flagellum subclavate, the joints of the funicle 
submoniliform..............................eanthosoma Ashmead (type X. nigricornis Ashm.). 

Marginal vein not or scarcely longer than the stigmal vein and stout; antennze 11-jointed, the fla- 
gellum clavate or subclavate ; abdomen globose, or short ovate, shorter than the thorax, the segments 
subequal... 0.2... 2e ce cece ne ce ce cectecsccecseoecs es ystole Walker (type S. alétpennis Walk), 

Abdomen short, subglobose, the fourth segment much the longest, enclosing the following. 

Systolodes Ashmead (type S. brevicornis Ashm.). 

Abdomen ovate, subcompressed (the tip sometimes produced into a stylus), the fourth and fifth seg- 
ments short, although a little longer than the others, and subequal........Bruchophagus Ashmead 

(type B. borealis Ashm.). 

Head with a deep frontal furrow ; abdomen ovate, subcompressed, petiolate, the petiole usually not 
short, the fifth segment the longest, but not greatly longer than the fourth. 

Funicle 5-jointed, the joints moniliform or submoniliform, the first much shorter than the 
pedicel...............000002e0e2-.-.-Decatomidea Ashmead (type D. aanthochroa Ashm.). 

Se aoe 

Metallic green or blue, coarsely umbilicately punctate. 

Head in front quadricarinate, the carina along the orbits sometimes delicate ; funicle with the 


joints excised at apex above, with whorls of long hairs..................Chryseida Spinola. 


16. 


18. 


ike 


20. 


26. 


27. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 263 


Mesonotum closely, distinctly, umbilicately punctate... ............cccecceeeccccccccscesecceses LY 
Mesonotum not unbilicately punctate, either smooth or nearly, or shagreened or finely, regularly seulp- 


EAN No ate Pte ie aya Pon entaces oT ciate Chetetrs este cist buses Bele anes ica A Taras en al LOG 


. First joint of the flagellum long, as long as the scape or longer... ........ 000.00 cece eee ceeeses. 18 


First joint of the flagellum not especially long, always much shorter than the seape.............. 19 
Head with a deep antennal furrow, the front ocellus placed within the furrow. 
» Eno wny to) morn Osexvonly: ess :arscclo Madice alee c okldsacden sees. bepbrata, Cameron: 
TkKnown tome in 9) sex only... (2 lence. ccisu.ca a once saavioans asiens Aximogastra Ashmead: 
Mesonotum without or with incomplete furrows... 2.5... .ccc ec cece cece ee ce ceceencscecscsess 28 
Mesonotum.with distinct, complete furrows. 
Head sometimes with a deep antennal furrow, but the front ocellus is never situated in the fur- 
BOWVI carrer oof etic ovaxaexacate reiersye Paraitatal ede at cralcve ote terete! ai chiete ae alge ceheh slates austere a stale: eloter aaiseeut sealer 
Head with a deep antennal furrow, the front ocellus always placed in the furrow at its apex. 
Prodecatoma Ashmead. 
Marginal vein always distinctly longer than the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein well developed, 
sometimes very long, always longer than the stigmal,..... 2.2... cc0c cece cece cceccscecvenese OL 
Marginal vein short, not or scarcely longer than the stigmal vein, usually shorter, the postmarginal 
vein not well developed, not longer than’ the stigmal... oc nce cs dave ce cue sicssveuusas DT 
ne oibiss with, 2 apical Spursy sce rWeee aiet aneke) 5 x Srevains Aoaish api cttcy <se erAaN e ci le ete aierialine se oo nee OB 
Hind tibizse with 1 apical spur 2.026. 6 .6c..5 20sec cats oc oo eecsve ose. bnylloxeroxenus Ashmead: 
Postmarginal vein only a little longer than the stigmal vein ............. 0... cece cece cccecccces OF 
Postmarginal vein very long, fully twice as long (or longer) as the stigmal vein. ................. 25 
Marginal vein always distinetly longer than the stigmal vein............. . 24 


Marginal vein only a little longer than the stigmal.......................Eurytomocharis Ashmead. 


. Funicle 5-jointed, the joints at apex excised above and pedicellate with long, whorled hairs; body of 


abdomen rather small, suboyate, the petiole usually longer than the hind coxze, the fourth segment, 


counting the petiole as the first, the longest... 0.0.0.0... ......020.0e0e0+---..burytoma Illiger, 


5. Scape of antenn:e long, with a tooth or tubercle at apex beneath ; joints of funicle long, slightly con- 


tracted at the middle, each joint with two whorls of long bristles...............Hudoxinna Walk. 
Marginal vein slender, at least one and a half times as long as the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein 
MTMONT Eri hanuvhheistiSnaHl. s.r. .eltteeale whiny aic.cseto cles tiv wleleie aisle(elele wdieexee elow's aN bHosoma, Ashm: 
Marginal vein rather stout, not longer than the stigmal vein ; funicle 4-jointed, the joints oval, briefly 
petiolate at apex, with long, sparse hairs ; abdomen small, oval, the petiole about twice as long as 
tnieky dorsal sepment/2—4: stibequall ja). .fajc.0 wine wisisi ce se © ovis, asin sues eitysjeree eels ce eiere. systole Walk. 
Funicle 4-jointed, the joints excised at apex above, the basal or thickened portion about twice as long 
as thick, with long hairs aboye ; abdomen small, globose, the petiole rugulose, the fourth segment the 
longest. .... See Beech a eee es Phe oo 3 ot hee ggialedés’ Ashmend: 
Funicle 4-jointed, the joints briefly pedunculate at apex, with sparse, long, irregular hairs ; body of 


abdomen oval, the petiole short, stout, the fourth segment the largest ..... Bruchophagus Ashmead. 


. Head with a deep antennal furrow. ............ 0.00 ee cece ce eceececeeess..Decatomidea Ashmead. 


Tripe IV. Rileyini. 


In this tribe the antennze are alike, or very similar, in both sexes and 13-jointed, 


with two or three ring-joints ; they are never 12-jointed or less as in the other tribes. 


264 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


I consider the species composing this tribe to be genuine Eurytomids, but with 
a habitus quite their own and difficult to describe intelligently — the head, prono- 
tum and abdomen being slightly different from those in the Hurytomini. The 
sculpture, too, except in the genus Neorileya, is different from other Eurytomids. 
The shape of the abdomen in some of the species recalls to mind the subfamily 
Ormyrine, in the 'Torymidee, the species of which have similar antennze and show 
same affinity with this tribe. 

Macrorileya is parasitic in the eggs of “tree-crickets ((Hcanthus sp.); a species of 
Neorileya was bred by Mr. Urich, in Trinidad, W. I., from an egg of an unknown 
orthopterous insect ; while the species belonging to the genus Rileya are parasitic 
upon the larvee of various Cecidomyiids. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


1 01 0 eae rae ae EPP cero ir aes ee enw ae EE as he a Mee hsaGaecneowa tL 


2. Head and thorax smooth or nearly or at the most, very finely punctate, or feebly microscopically 
SWAAT COTE 6 i Face. sisw 5G aio eda role woke eer vio esadera) drayeenvere Che YoreNece pare ete te ouerlele ai nere Elon ate eee EE ree eee: 
Head and thorax umbilicately punctate. 

Pronotum as wide as the mesonotum, the hind margin arcuately emarginate, straight and trun- 
cate in front ; mesonotum without furrows ; axillee rather small, triangular, widely separated ; 
antenne 13-jointed, with two ring-joints, the flagellum short, not twice the length of the scape, 
subfiliform, the funicle 6-jointed, the joints subquadrate, hardly as long as wide; marginal 
vein scarcely longer than the stigmal, shorter than the postmarginal; abdomen oval, de- 
pressed, shorter or not longer than the thorax, subconvex above, and briefly petiolate, the 
fourth segment much the longest, the third very short, the second and fifth about equal, 
united not longer than the fourth... ...Neorileya Ashmead, g. noy. (type N. flavipes Ashm.). 

3. Antenne with three ring-joints. 

Pronotum as wide as the mesonotum, the hind margin straight, a little more than twice wider 
than long and about as long as the mesonotum ; parapsidal furrows delicate but complete, or 
nearly, sometimes obliterated anteriorly ; head transverse, a little wider than the thorax ; fla- 
gellum subclavate, the funicle 5-jointed, joints 3-5 transverse ; marginal vein fully twice as 
long as the stigmal and a little longer than the postmarginal ; abdomen subeylindrical, conic- 
ovate, a little longer than the head and thorax united, almost sessile, the fourth segment very 
large, occupying most of the surface, the others very short................Rileya Ashmead 

(type R. cecidomyiz Ashm.). 

Pronotum quadrate, a little narrower than the mesonotum and hardly shorter than wide ; par- 
apsidal furrows distinct, complete ; head transverse, as wide as the thorax across from tegula 
to tegula, subconcaye behind, convex in front, with a frontal excavation for the antennal 
scape ; flagellum subelayate, the funicle 6-jointed, joints 2-6 subquadrate, the last two a little 
wider than long ; marginal vein very long, more than twice longer than the stigmal vein, the 
postmarginal vein very long and slender; abdomen very long and narrow, lanceolate, sub- 
compressed, nearly twice as long as the head and thorax united, joints 5, 6 and 7 long, the 
sixth the longest of the three, the eighth projecting and pointed. 

Macrorileya Ashmead g. noy. (type Rileya wcanthi Ashm.). 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 265 


Poe DON coe MLL ve CES TUM] OUFUS) acest dl wiaPe- ate die dare dics oslo ce vin sidid mateMlha owen ie csi vuds fied oweese ho D 

Antenne with two ring-joints. 

Head and thorax umbilicately punctate, the parapsidal furrows wanting ; pronotum as wide as 
the mesonotum, the hind margin arcuately emarginate ; flagellum filiform, pubescent, the 
HOWMES SUG UAALAGE W afas/oie etter aterasiotsysie) sialeielsiaieitieisies esis. 5s os ce oeeeds os aveorlloya, Ashmerd. 

5. Head and thorax smooth or nearly, at most very finely punctate or microscopically shagreened, the 
parapsidal furrows sometimes delicate but distinct. 

Pronotum as wide as the mesonotum, more than twice wider than long; abdomen ovate, the 
fourth segment very long; flagellum filiform, pubescent, the joints of the funicle nearly 
equal vanlittle wider than: JOURS scl) ca's cos vieisieie « 26 os «dies vwatsia oe steele Ley a, AShmead, 

Pronotum quadrate, nearly as long as wide and a little narrower than the mesonotum ; abdomen 
elongate, cylindrical, as long as the head and thorax united, the segments subequal ; flagellum 
subeclavate, gradually thickened towards the tip, the last two joints of funicle transverse. 

Macrorileya Ashmead. 
Tree V. Decatomini. 

This tribe is very closely allied to the tribe Hwrytomini, but is readily separated 
from it and the other tribes by the much thickened or stigmated marginal vein, 
and by the antenne being alike, or very similar, in both sexes. The hind tibiz are 
always armed with rigid bristles behind. Some of the Hwrytomini, however, also 
have similarly armed tibiz, so that this character in itself is not sufficient to dis- 
tinguish the group. 

All the species are parasitic upon hymenopterous and dipterous gall-makers. 
(Cynipide and Cecidomytidex). 
Only two genera fall into this tribe, distinguished as follows : 


TABLE OF GENERA. 

2. Wings hyaline, with a dusky submarginal blotch or band ; antennze 9-jointed, with one ring-joint, the 
club usually not jointed, if with 3 indistinct joints, 11-jointed, pedicel obconical, nearly thrice as long 
as thick at apex. ................+...:..+...... Decatoma Spinola (type Diplolepis adonidum Rossi). 

Wings hyaline, without a dusky submarginal blotch ; pedicel shorter, not or hardly twice as long as 
thick at apex ........... 0. see ee sees ees s+ +. Budecatoma Ashmead (type E. batatoides Ashmead). 

3. Wings hyaline, with a dusky or fuscous submarginal blotch or band................Decatoma Spinola. 

Wings hyaline, without a dusky submarginal blotch ; all femora considerably swollen. 


Eudecatoma Ashmead. 


Famrty LXIV. PERILAMPID. 
1846. Eucharidie, Family (partim), Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, L., p. 103. 
1856. Perilampoide, Family IX., Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., pp. 19, 22 and 46. 
1875. Perilampina, Tribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. 11, 22. 
1886. Perilampine, Subfamily, Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 198. 


266 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


1897. Perilampide, Family LXIV., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 
245. 

Francis Walker placed this family with the Hucharidx, with which it is unques- 
tionably closely allied. It is, however, easily separated from the Hucharide by 
many salient differences, and I agree with Dr. Forster in considering it a distinct 
family. It has some affinities allying it with the family Miscogasteridz, the affinities 
existing also in the Hucharide and particularly through Cameron’s genus Orasema. 

Chrysolampus Spinola belongs to this family and not with the Pteromalidz, 
where Dr. Von Dalla Torre has placed it. His changing the well-known subfamily 
Sphigigasterine into Chrysolampine, is therefore unnecessary and unwarranted. 
Chrysolampus is identical with Lamprostylus Forster. 

The group attacks principally Lepidoptera, but will also attack other insects, as 
I have bred Perilampus sp. from Chrysopa cocoons. 


The genera are not numerous and are characterized in the following table: 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


1; Abdomen petiolate's 3a ceaie ao: sionmetas orcs sisakeer eee ane sole eer Ose Oy CRE oe COOL 

Abdomen sessilé or subsessile’... 55 a. 6 5 cerca a.2'ate ctr avs Speake wee tae nielloene we Meroe seer alate ee mE 

2. Scutellum normal, although sometimes very large, not produced into a long spine ....... 3 

Scutellum produced into a long spine.........Euperilampus Walker (type Perilampus ipseae Walk. ye 

3; ‘Thorax smootihy mouicoarselypunctabey. aye ce ese) slo)/-1-\eler aia) Vebeione a1 ere fered ater aimee tetel ater atel sleverebeteh eterna ern 
Thorax coarsely punctate. 

Antenne 13-jointed. . ahs eiSitegelararel gre (SiS leis ace FOS STS See CF Ree TOOL TET STON Tee CENE cree 

Antenne 9-jointed mente Riideuhaadter),. sd de }ofee Saye ote eleleigee ols se NELICODS Ranechbaumer 


(type S. fasciata Kriechbaumer). 

4. Flagellum very short, compacted into a short club. .....Philomides Haliday (type P. paphius Haliday). 
Flagellum not very short, at the most subclavate. .. Perilampus Latreille (type Cynips italica Fabricius). 
Antenne inserted below the middle of the face, 13-jointed ; stigmal and postmarginal veins abbreviated. 
Chrysomalla Forster (type C. roseri Forster). 


fo | 


6. \Anteninise Simple. 33! 2h55 saks Sec pehesae wiswele ad ale IA be elem oe Ioeae sti were clade Ge ae cee eee eens 
Antenne pectinate. <' (Q unknown).........Aperilampus Walker (type Perilampus discolor Walker). 
7. Metathorax thickly and deeply punctate ...............Chrysolampus Spinola = Lamprostylus Forster 


(type C. splendidula Spinola). 
Metathorax not so punctured, smooth or with only a few punctures....................Hlatus Walker 
(type E. thenze Walker). 
Famity LXV. EUCHARIDZ. 
1846. Eucharidee, Family 5 (partim), Walker, List. Chale. British Museum, I., p. 21. 
1856. Eucharoide, Familie 8, Forster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 18, 22 and 42. 
1886. Eucharinz, Subfamily, Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 198. 
1897. Eucharidee, Family LX V., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 285. 
1899. Eucharide, Family LX V., Ashmead, loc. cit., p. 246. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 267 


1900. Eucharide, Family LXV., Ashmead, Proc. U.S. National Museum, DENTS 
p. 202. 

In this family are found some of the most singular looking and wonderfully 
shaped Chalcids known, the structure of the thorax, and particularly of the scutel- 
lum, being most wonderfully and curiously modified and developed; and this de- 
velopment, in connection with the brilliant metallic green and blue colors of its 
members, makes the group the most striking and attractive of any in the Superfam- 
ily. Some of the species are now known to be parasitic upon ants and probably 
the whole group attacks these insects. In temperate regions the family is poorly 
represented, but in tropical countries, where ants most abound and flourish in enor- 
mous colonies, these insects are not rare and seem to have reached a very highly 
specialized development. 

The known genera may be tabulated as follows : 


TABLE OF GENERA. 
Hp RNSTT el] Cea tee Pita een ewes tere CME, NUE Sore, ic MCT 8 Yah Pia lasal clini Maley ofateeonsreque ds snkate tacts tale se ee she 


SLANE IBY ferinetahoe ESE MS. 0) i alae on Siat mclOdion OM DEL CM Rn Eon GOOD OACRDO Or on ug cgbOD GC Aan c ones 


bo 


Antenne 14-pointed or more. 
Seutellum simple ; antennze 16-18-jointed,....Eucharissa Westwood (type E. speciosa Westw.). 
Scutellum produced posteriorly into a spine which is longitudinally striate ; antenn 14-jointed. 
Saccharissa Kirby (type Eucharis contingens Walker). 
3. Scutellum simple, neither bidentate nor produced into long processes. ......-...+++00eeeeeeeeeee 4 
Scutellum bidentate or produced posteriorly into long processes over the abdomen................ 11 
“i. ihnvarnmoni itt |.” ont ascadoccategd Mabe 6d apsaroInd Ob AOI CCdd SoIceDdes Io cGcone oa nop Onnc re i 
Antenne not moniliform. 2.2... 62.2.1. 2 +e see J Gasese bs cateos someon Sask 6 


Abdomen compressed, ascending..................Bucharis Latreille (type Cynips adscendens Fabr.). 


Cr 


Abdomen neither compressed nor ascending. 
Hind tarsi with the first joint much thickened ; antennze 11-jointed......... . Tricoryna Kirby 
(type Eucharis jello Walt.). 
Hind tarsi with the first joint very lohg, but not thickened...................Metagea Kirby 
(type Lucharis Zalates Walk.). 


6. Joints of antenn not serrate, cylindrical . 2... 2... ec cc oe eee ete ee terete tees es csccccene f 
JOINts Ol ANLeUN TS Serra he OM SUD ORR TALO sete cn cc lcn\ee) se c,= clei.e <)cis cichaie\ere sre reloneieiaiajeie =4 cielnis Sa miseivioies 
ee ATtenn cen S| OLMUSO MeCN UM LSIS DOLL Liye petal eerie lclera'ss 7 siete ole cle, ofel oleicie cere olwieiat misters ininiersieymya nis Oo 


Antenne 11-jointed, the joints long. 
Thorax smooth, polished; petiole of abdomen abruptly enlarged at apex. 
Pseudometagea Ashmead (type Metagea schwarzii Ashm.). 
Thorax rugose ; petiole of abdomen normal, long and cylindrical. ...... Psilogaster Blanchard 
(type P. cupreus Blanchard). 
8. Thorax not greatly elevated, similar to Chrysolampus in the Perilampidie, punctate and with complete 
parapsidal furrows; mandibles long, acute at apex, the right mandible with (wo teeth within, the 


left with one tooth within. ........................Orasema Cameron (type 0. stramineipes Cam.). 


268 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


9. 


10. 


1p 


12. 


13. 


14. 


16. 


17. 


19. 


Antenns 1 L-jointed \...:5 cles oS. + Fc Shee sevens tore tietoie stale te arelaters oleic: So aso total ete ancl es ete a a an eae 
Antenne 13-jointed.............................- Bhipipallus Kirby (type Eucharis volusus Walk.). 
Scutellum rounded, not conically elevated posteriorly ; wingshyaline. Pseudochaleura Ashmead g. noy. 
(type Eucharis gibbosa Provancher). 
Seutellum subconically elevated posteriorly ; wings with a substigmal cloud or fascia. Chaleura Kirby 
(type Eucharis deprivata Walk.). 
Scutellum with the processes very long, usually as long as the abdomen and sometimes very broad, 
forming a shield over the abdomen, or conically produced................-.--s0ceeseseeeeees 18 
Seutellum bidentate, the processes never very long. 
Metathorax armed with strong lateral projections or teeth.............200cececeeececees 12 
Metathorax unarmed, without teeth. : 
A hump-like elevation above the metapleura.........................stilbula Spinola 
(type Ichneumon cynipiformis Rossi). 
No hump-like elevation above the metapleura .................Schizaspidia Westwood 
(type 8S. furcifera Westw.). 
Metathoracie processes curving downwards........ Lophyrocera Cameron (type L. stramineipes Cam.). 
Metathoracic processes consisting of two diverging horizontal teeth................Tetramelia Kirby 
(type Schizaspidia plagiata Walk.). 
Seutellum not conically produced. 5)... .().0-0-fsuiecusies eee ee heiee hour cb eee ners ets eee 
Seutellum conically produced over the abdomen. 
Head with a deep antennal furrow ; hind femora very broad ; abdomen subsessile, fusiform, 
depressed... ............-.+.+.-..-Destefania Dalla Torre (type Sternodes Pasateri De Stef.). 
Scutellar processes long and slender, generally curving inward toward tips...................... 18 
Scutellar processes very broad and covering the entire abdomen. 
Thorax not pubescent, the apex of the scutellar processes simple, or cleft or notched. ...... 15 
Thorax pubescent, the apex of the scutellar processes rounded and not sharply cleft, the notch 


extending two thirds the entire lengthen «neice a-uloitel> ia )-o = wit ieee ates etc pereesit ete teen ene 


. Seutellar processes long, broad and contiguous, but very flat, the extremities rounded, subtruncate, or 


furnished “with two rounded Short Spinesis oc esate ste ohatatete te olen tleletet aia) = Sheree teeta iateta tee ete mne 
Seutellar processes not so shaped. 
Scutellar processes very broad, triangular .....Thoracantha Latreille (type T. latreillei Guérin). 
Scutellar processes long, contiguous and acutely pointed at tips, longitudinally striate. 
Uromelia Kirby (type Thoracantha striata Perty). 
Mesonotum and scutellum medially impressed ; head almost as wide as the thorax; antenn:e 10-jointed, 
the third joint as long as the scape, the following much wider than long. ... .Diceelothorax Ashmead 
(type D. platycerus Ashin.). 
Mesonotum and scutellum not so impressed, the scutellar processes having the basal portion as wide as 
the thorax, briefly compressed in the center, then dilated and at the apex furnished with two rounded 
short spines............0.+.00e+000++0+-..... Letocantha Shipp (type Thoracantha nasua Walk.). 
Antenne 10-jointed, the first funicle joint the longest, the following short..........Dilocantha Shipp 
(type Thoracantha flavicornis Walk.). 


3. Headjandieyes normal not 'tuberculapes yj: e\-ecirs sereletectesiaeice aie ote ole enero ice ee ee 


Head and eyes tuberculate. 
Antenne 12-jointed...................-Isomeralia Shipp (type Thoracantha coronata Westw.). 


Antenne 11-jointed, the third joint not much longer than the fourth,.......................-..- 20 


to 
eS) 


24, 


25. 


bo 
=~! 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 269 


Antenne 10-jointed, the third joint very long, as long as all of the other joints united. 
Lirata Cameron (type L. luteogaster Cam.). 


. Thorax not pubescent, the scutellum always longitudinally striate.................Kapala Cameron 


(type Hucharis fuscata Fabr.). 
Thorax clothed with a fine pubescence, the scutellum smooth, not longitudinally striate, the processes 
smooth to their apices, where they are transversely serrate.................Lasiokapala Ashmead 


(type L. serrata Ashin.). 


. Seutellum spined, bidentate or produced into long processes extending over the scutellum........ 22 


Starvation gti Nobis CY ee cour pe nce do Coe 6 Genes Corio tots Sto he CE DeOCI OR Seinen ORCI ROTA nC aon + 


. Scutellum bidendate or produced into long processes that extend over the abdomen.............. 28 


Seutellum produced into a spine-like process. 
AniienmEe eV Er MOLe MAAN Ws] OUNME OL Sorte ale arc: \ctfeis: c..olaeidis ec ecarnfe' s/s: slaleisibidve eietelcs c's ei ierde eis AO 
Anhennseul Sj oinded ers mes sete cis cect oe e aroaieelenac we cietecrsiaiee er tisas sere acCharissa kirby. 


SeAtenn ty NOUS fo tn temic te arate ct crate leis) seatalonars ys wv dlsve's Sleds tie\acesevele-sfavelaitereveteiete' S sor tatategete as) oe 


Anhennssno> loin tediaaa. Hvar taate sacrae ree vans soca eae ues es tive soos a. UCnamasa "Westwood: 
AUN AUNT LO mV OUI MILAM OSire ofernele renee Stee: sett cicusiaerole's ia/ctera aiolejchose/eistolalet aces stooewisnielat en 20 
Muipann rose or WikWbeNaehEs ate mee soleil Jab Se devia bans bases dodea dostenetean se 28 
lage lar =) Oinisena mili Oran <ceeaere tarc ke ahs relererctore crsrarocetereracecclateres oiome ci sjantie arate tale enero cieleersiele'are fet LO 


Mlagellarjoimtsicviumdricall mot am ONION 1 s.;esciet-tel«tepers areiciollorelclate/s) eave esse ciais sversve nine ote, cievevs"alsieletele 2d 


. Abdomen compressed, ascending. ............0. cece cece ce ceeececece sees ce eee Hucharis Latreille. 


Abdomen neither compressed nor ascending. 
First joint of tarsimuch thickened... ...........200c.ceeeceesccseeeee s+. duicoryna Kirby. 
First joint of tarsi very long, slender. ..........5.0s0c0scscesnsceueess sss Mletagea Kirby. 


. Antenne 10-11-jointed. 


Petiole of abdomen abruptly enlarged at apex ; thorax smooth. ....-Pseudometagea Ashmead. 
Petiole of abdomen normal, long, cylindrical ; thorax rugose,,.......-Psilogaster Blanchard. 
Antenne 13-jointed, rather short ; thorax closely punctate, the parapsidal furrows distinct ; right man- 
dible with two teeth within, the left with one tooth within....................Orasema Cameron. 


. Seutellum spined, bidentate or produced into long processes that extend over the abdomen. ...... 29 


Scutellum normal, unarmed. 
Antenne with 4 branches; wings hyaline........................-Pseudochaleura Ashmead. 
Antenne with more than four branches ; wings with a substigmal cloud or fascia. 


Chaleura Kirby. 


-ecutellum not conically produced! into’ a Spine: ... 2.6... 606. cece vec cn ces See GOLF!) 


Seutellum conically produced into a spine.............. 00.00 ee ee eee es Destefania Dalla Torre. 


. Seutellum with the processes very long, usually as long as the abdomen and sometimes very broad, 


PORN eee R Bel ATO NeIAUnOTA DOOM pa wesetrcies ats. [siajsclce scien seg eel acieieiis ceils ecielec eves Gs oes Oo 
Scutellum bidentate, the teeth never very long. 
Metathorax armed with strong lateral projections or teeth. ...............2 ee cece seer eee B82 
Metathorax unarmed, without teeth. 
A hump-like elevation above the metapleura.........................Stibula Spinola. 


No hump-like elevation above the metapleura,................Schizaspidia Westwood. 


. Metathoracie processes curving downwards ; antennze simple................Lophyrocera Cameron. 


Metathoracie processes consisting of two horizontal teeth ; antennze with 9 branches. 


Tetramelia Kirby. 


270 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


32. Scutellar processes long and slender, generally curving inward toward tips..................+.. 36 

Scutellar processes broad, contiguous their entire length or at least basally...................... 33 

33. Scutellar process long, broad and contiguous, but very flat, the extremities rounded, subtruneate or 

furnished) ‘with two rounded, short spines.7.1-so tcieeiciete os «le siete eae niece ee EE Oe 
Seutellar processes not so shaped. 

Scutellar process very broad, deeply, semicireularly emarginate at apex; antennze with 9 

PYAMICHES se oes: o.sieie. .0)s,0 eierelestialiele ie bie levloiny sin sleiele’s sle}elestals eels tvielsicle a ae ek MOLACAN onan oatreMles 

Scutellar processes long, triangularly pointed and longitudinally striate; antennze with 8 

DYANChes.. « c2,2c0ej265 wa: Sg ceeawbe aaerto Ot ae aie nieree Depts ee ee le cee ePIC TOMO Awan ys 

345) Thorax. pubescent: 125 po Be seikhcc ue leloyeveyevee ote leas Oke ede re toten eters lek sioe e taee lara Sho tetens ic here dne Parc garetts IIE ete mROED 

Thorax not pubescent. 

Mesonotum and scutellum medially impressed ; antennze 10-jointed. ,. ,Diccelothorax Ashmead. 

Mesonotum and scutellum not impressed, the scutellar processes at base as wide as the thorax, 

briefly compressed in the center, then dilated and at apex furnished with two rounded, short 

SPINES Shs Meese Fsee choke ncse ce Caio ever aieeece se OE RIE TIGE oer hie eee eee ate ace Loca DHams hips 

35. Scutellar processes at apex rounded and not sharply cleft, the notch extending two thirds the entire 

12) oY | ee ae le Aaa rr een Ahn GOED oeiO noone como ow a uolueirility (Slouieyay 

56. Headtandieyesmormaly moti vu execute speretctatar|etel ster sr=iafovetal create sla cbet=tarelenelenet=tekeiototsaeteatet ciate tetee Terme 

Headiand’eyes tuberculate ysis... arcsec «no av otuis cis seinty vee aie eee ee cliche eee LSOIMeTaliaisninp: 

37. Antennze 11-jointed, the third joint not much longer than the fourth......................--4-. 88 

Antenne 10-jointed, the third joint very long, as long as the other joints united .. .Lirata Cameron. 

38. Thorax not pubescent, the scutellum longitudinally striate........................Kapala Cameron. 

Thorax clothed with a fine pubescence, the scutellum smooth, not striate, the apices of the scutellar 

processes! serrate: (Fale. fae co culslels Seincen Onan eine Heke Soe ee uasiokapalapAshmeads 


Famity LXVI. MISCOGASTERIDZ. 

1835. Miscogasteridee, Family 4 (partim), Walker, Ent. Mag., I, p. 370. 

1856. Miscogasteroidie, Familie 14 (partim), Forster, Hym. Stud., II, pp. 19, 24 and 
51. 

1875. Pteromalina, Tribus (partim), Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. 12 and 216. 

1886. Pteromaline, subfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amer., I, p. 198. 

1897. Miscogasteridee, Family LXVI., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 
pp. 285 and 245, 

1900. Miscogasteride, Family LXVI., Ashmead, Proce. U. 8. National Museum, 
AU, p. 202, 

This family very closely resembles the family Pteromalidx, and the two are sep- 
arated with difficulty, the only reliable character to separate them being the num- 
ber of apical spurs on the hind tibiee. In this family the hind tibiee have two apical 
spurs, while in the Pieromalidx there is but one apical spur. It is a good character 
but not easily seen in the smaller species, and the greatest care and caution must 
be exercised in examining specimens before they can be placed in their proper fam- 


ilies. A very strong lens is required to see the spurs and sometimes it will be found 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES il 


necessary to use the compound microscope before the number of spurs, in these 
minute chalcidids, can be definitely settled. 
Four distinct subfamilies, distinguished by the characters made use of in the fol- 


lowing table, have been recognized : 


TABLE OF SUBFAMILIES. 


— 


. Metathorax at apex produced beyond the insertion of the hind coxze ; the abdomen petiolate or sub- 

LE HIG ti eae tetas eves arses eearen reel ee Se Pe RSP Serr i hc COAL VTS TS airstaere iat encrn: TD ak fe, PAU te Re ta Wve operenunte wane 

Metathoraxs normal: notproduced/ Abia ex... crete x suc eq c.clsgetere ovale) 2.0! 5 nites aia! afeilers ele, oisheieheldtalaversuaie: ove elesereteey 

2. Abdomen distinctly petiolate ; if subsessile it is elongate and strongly carinate beneath. ............ 3 

Abdomen sessile or subsessile. 

Antenne 8-11-jointed, inserted just above the clypeus or close to the mouth border. 

Subfamily I. PrreNIN as. 

Antenne 12-13-jointed, and most frequently inserted far above the clypeus, very rarely inserted 

Just. above thes chy peus. = 5-:-, .ctacssetae.s cle g oe.eslowie aciee eels are m = MEDIAN EL. CRED YMUN AD. 

3. Antenne 12-13-jointed; marginal vein always shorter than the subcostal, the costal cell normal ; 

second abdominal segment often large but not especially lengthened ; ovipositor not exserted ; meso- 

thoracic furrows most frequently complete. ......................Subfamily IIT. MiscoGAsrerinz. 

4. Antennze 13-14-jointed, subclavate, inserted below the middle of the face ; front wings with the mar- 

ginal vein very long, usually fully as long as the subcostal vein; second abdominal segment much 

lengthened ; ovipositor usually exserted ; mesothoracic furrows incomplete ; ¢ antennie often verti- 

Cellahe=pWOse cory rater ystes Wales easy «cre cinke rats Meme a stois: Seles crelaisinelece aehac.c ete DU DIAN YY AV: MURA PIN ao 


SuBraMILy I. PIRENINZ. 
1843. Pireniani, Tribus (partim), Haliday, Trans. Ent. Soe. London, III., p. 295. 
1856. Pyrenoidie, Familie (partim), Férster, Hym. Stud., I1., pp. 18, 22 and 40. 
1875. Pirenina, Tribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. 12 and 187. 
1886. Pireninee, Subfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 198. 
1899. Pireninz, Subfamily I., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 247. 

This group is of small extent, although widely distributed. It is separated from 
the other subfamilies principally by the paucity of joints in the antennee, and most 
of the species falling in it, whose parasitism is known, attack dipterous laryze. 

The genera Calypso and Macroglenes are easily separated by the different shaped 
heads in the males. Neither Haliday nor Thomson, however, give the characters 
to separate the females, and since I am only acquainted with Macroglenes, it has been 
impossible to give characters to separate the females. 

TABLE OF GENERA. 
Uo UP GTIT AS ee Buds ces Bord ma One Oty OIG ORO AGH De AOID ROG GC OD ODINO CS OE HOT ep Isao nc QUO OPC raCr a. 


WIRES Braap Gat dar noo his oclis DAWICUd ce SER ROE OO e CENOPhG eo REECE oC DRSICR CS IPE ER RARE 
VCH OR COU a a ae MEO eta te atari evalteye aie aiare cletstcrsiziclaiete aloied Sieve suethcetsrs are Salers micial so s.eclaweee OF 


bo 


BEG CSS GAN Pps nis face ia ene nicest eoiede eek scat reshicve ata/ajas ie tinsel Walaeie ola riciergiabiew nc (hicleis aide llse ce ebe dc sme «) O 


272 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


3. 


10. 


ie 


Abdomen with the second segment occupying about one half the whole surface or only a little more. 
Antenne 11-jointed, the scape long, slender, the pedicel at least as long as the club; marginal 
vein not more than four times the length of the stigmal vein...........Erotolepsia Howard 
(type E. compacta Howard). 
Antenne 10-jointed, the scape short and slender, the pedicel shorter than the club; marginal 
vein long, about six times the length of the stigmal vein.................Herbertia Howard 


(type H. lucens Howard). 
Antenne 10-jointed, with one or two ring-joints. 


Maxillary palpi 2-joimted 2). .</jorcc ee sieie aaa. Sate em ears aie hte nee eros leas oe ee em 

Maxillary palpi 4-jointed! 2... jccs. oath. cowistdciele © eee t lee ee tereiae item eco eee ee onic eee EEE 

OVIPOSItON \EXSELLEM 5: opis, 5's osesecsyaoeetay ss oes ele mie state Sicsieve)e ale eeere ere ays Page uel Blietoners) aIeL ve ate ten ole eerie me 

Ovipositor not exserted. 

Postmarginal and stigmal veins very short. 

Crsiats afersyal eta ecole arson CL ee aie atone .. Calypso Haliday (type C. serratule Haliday). 

Do eaide toh Me taeneia oe seats _Macroglanes Westwood (type Ichneumon penetrans Kirby). 

Antennze with two ring-joints ;" ie Stet and stigmal veins very short............Pirene Haliday 

(type P. varicornis Hal.). 

Antenne with one ring-joint ; postmarginal and stigmal veins long..................Herizotes Férster 

(type E. monticola Forster). 


. Legs abnormal, the tibize strongly inflated or swollen, stouter than the femora, the tarsi short and 


slender, the joints very short ; clypeus triangularly produced.......Spathopus Ashmead, gen. nov. 
(type S. anomalipes Ashm.). 

b YES PUDESCONDS 25.6 4 facesde.aneid, axe eines wrousls Poke fete ie QvePuTe oo eawiade eta mac heise ee eae eee Le 
1K oe 2 ren seer mnie ae ewe ee wet cane ISAs a ae coe macros onbeo Lu 
Antenne 11-jointed ; marginal vein not more than four times the length of the stigmal, the latter with 


a distinctly: ClUD: 5. sess acre oars bee HE aL et ee eee eee oten ee ere ECE Ee Ce EL OLD LCDS LABEL Onvannae 
Antenne 10. Seamed marginal vein anode six times the length of the cietialy vein. Herbertia Howard. 


Antenne 10-jointed, with one or two ring-joints. 


Maxillary palpi dvo-jointed:....2...5 .cihfs ne te ne ale lolx wed oa een ee ante tee eee LS 
Maxillary: ‘palpi: foursjointed.. 00.524 56-4. che nS sie wlere el nie Stie.o1d oreo eins & CGO Rae Ee 

., Hy es normal’ not converging above: ..,.. 2.5 sa0s-f ome eh cee eee een eee en Co DEOnL lidar 
Eyes abnormal, converging and nearly meeting above on the vertex, ......... Macroglenes Westwood. 

. Marginal vein not twice as long as the stigmal vein; flagellum not clavate.......... Pirene Haliday. 


Marginal vein about twice as long as the stigmal vein, thickened at the base ; flagellum short, clavate, 
the joints of the funicle moniliform, pilose.....................+2+.+0++2+++.. .berizotes Forster. 


Supraminy IJ. Tripymin». 


1835. Ormoceride, Family (partim), Walker, Ent. Mag., II., p. 167. 

1856. Ormoceroide, Familie 15 (partim), Forster, Hym. Stud., IL, pp. 19 and 24. 
1856. Hormoceroidee, Familie 15 (partim), Forster, opus cit., p. 59. 

1875. Tridymine Tribus, (partim) Thomson, Hym. Skand. pp. 12 and 192. 

1886. Tridyminie, Subfamily, (partim) Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 198. 

1899. Tridymine, Subfamily I1., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 247. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 273 


This subfamily seems to be a natural group of gall-inhabiting species, allied to 
the Pirenine, but easily separated by the structure of the antennz. 
? “ 
Two tribes may be distinguished : 


TABLE OF TRIBES. 
Mesonotum with complete,-distinct furrows. ..........-.02 2 ceeeee cece seeeeeee eee dribe I, Tridymini. 


Mesonotum with incomplete furrows, indicated only anteriorly .................... Tribe Il. Metastenini 


Tripe [. Pridymini. 

The complete mesonotal furrows distinguish this tribe. Most of the species fall- 
ing in this tribe are parasitic upon gall-making or gall-inhabiting Diptera, belonging 
to the family Cecidomyiide. dAfpocerus Mayr, however, is a genus living parasitic- 
ally upon fig-insects in Brazil, and one or two exotic genera attack other gall- 
inhabiting insects. 

TABLE OF GENERA. 
WEG eats docs abadted come ba ced TAC Cane Ore U Ree COD EID ING OCR Snr ac EI s Uiicn ner nner b>) 
2. Antennz inserted near the mouth or just above the clypeus...... 2... 0... ce cece cece cc crceeeses O 
Antenne inserted on or near the middle of the face, far above the clypeus.................... 
3. Marginal vein normal ....... 35 elennagctcno ott: SENG o cORCOR OR ED Orig 0 Gi ehd OOLOr Ee ee CERIO ICO Ia See 
Marginal vein abnormal, semicircularly thickened at the base......Stigmatocrepis Ashmead g. nov. 
(type S. americana Ashm.). 
4. Clypeus at apex truncate or with a slight median sinus, never produced................20+200022 9 
Clypeus at apex triangularly produced. 

Antennze 12-jointed, the flagellum clavate, the joints of the funicle quadrate or transverse ; 
abdomen ovate or conic ovate................Tridymus Ratzeburg (type T. aphidum Ratz.). 
5. Head and thorax not umbilicately punctate, at the most finely punctate, shagreened or rugulose, some- 
OMNES ASTON E Colse ot 3.Gr Ch Ol Oe aed DO UOC ICONS COCIECI ORI G.Crcxs Oni > CSCC ONO AI TORSO IIR Ee 

Head and thorax umbilicately punctate. 

Front wings hyaline, sometimes with a smoky discoidal cloud, the marginal vein much longer 
than the stigmal, the latter with an upward curve, the first marginal vein not longer 
than the stigmal ; antennze 13-jointed with 2 ring-joints, the pedicel not long. 

Decatomothorax Ashmead g. noy. (type D. gallicola Ashm.). 

6. Head and thorax finely punctate or shagreened, rarely smooth... ..........ccceecccscccsccseces U 
Head and thorax finely rugulose ; marginal vein not longer than the stigmal vein, the latter straight, 
but oblique, not curved, postmarginal vein longer than the stigmal; antennie 13-jointed, with 2 
ring-joints, the pedicel large, as long as ora little longer than the ring-joints and the first joint 

of the funicle united.................,..Alloderma Ashmead g. noy. (type A. maculipennis Ashm.). 

7. Abdomen conically produced, the ovipositor exserted ; antennze 12-jointed, the funicle joints trans- 
verse ; marginal vein more than twice the length of the stigmal vein .... .Gastrancistrus Westwood. 
(type G. vagans Westw.). 

Abdomen short oval, above depressed, beneath boat-shaped ; antennze 13-jointed, the funicle 6-jointed, 
the joints short, nearly cup-shaped. .......... 000 sees cece ceecsscvcesseses Oxyglypta Forster. 


274 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


iP) 


9: 


10. 


ili 


b. 


14. 


16. 


Ie 


18. 


Bront wings mormal sho Acciacca eee spo havetnlal selarerels dale) eyeue clesee ven ie lnte Toren ets ee et Si ee cies eee ee 
Front wings with the portion comprising the costal cell dilated and obliquely truncate at the juncture 
of the submarginal vein with the marginal. 
Antenne 13-jointed, the flagellum dilated, the joints of funicle transverse, subpedunculate. 
Epicopterus Westwood (type E. choreiformis Westw.). 


Antennse: 13-jointed, with)? oreS ring joints. o 2. ste:cis cicle)o > aiaista(e ofp) aim -ta iatcharoaiseteiet ne tees teeter eae 
Antenne -1L- or 12-jointed i... o ics shinpale ae Wavs a iere-s:s ote etoye wiaialo wai ole ©-01e) sya se aye oe ne Ne ee 
Thorax at most sparsely punctate, or almost smooth... 2. 62.2.2 e060. oe oe os) sivions vein wielcle seideyeene LL 


Thorax slightly rugulosely punctate ; antennze 12-jointed ; marginal vein about twice as long as the 
stigmal. (2.06002 cece te ce cece ence cecreccsceeceee Myntasis. Walker (type 8. encyrtoides Walk.): 
Wings: 22th: marginal) cilises) <-syaerove ies srsssve lorie nts eh ais os evel oleelat ope) stein) wlauiste olay atevaieite sue oy aise Iie uaei nem 
Wings without marginal cilize. 
Antenne 12=jointed, with one ring=jolnts5... 5 o4-4 oocen oe seen ee ena eee ee 
Antenne 11- or 12-jointed, with two ring-joints. 
Antennie 11-jointed; abdomen as long as the head and thorax united, compressed. 
Syntomocera Forster (type S. clavicornis Forst.). 
Antenne 12: jointed ; abdomen elongated, usually compressed and carinate beneath. 
Asematus Forster (type A. amphibolus Forst.). 
Abdomen oblong, fully as long as the head and thorax united; head short, subconvex in front ; 


mesonotum not short, the furrows deep. Cecidoxenus Ashm. g. noy. (type C. nigrocyaneus Ashm.). 


. Antennze 13-jointed, subclavate, the joints of the funicle, except the first, quadrate or nearly ; meta- 


thorax short with a median carina, the spiracles small, oval; head with sparse, thimble-like punc- 


tures ; abdomen conic-oyate................Semiotellus Westwood (type Semiotus mundus Walk.). 


~) Antenne with: to PIN S=jOUN S's 2, 2 a1e, <5) «ees, sye.co-a asta wy aVs ora) a erator tore Sieucvepeonne Sal ais s]erere erence asec ee 


Antenne with three ring-joints. 

Abdomen depressed, the ovipositor subexserted, never very long, at the most one third the 
length of the abdomen, usually shorter,.........Aipocerus Mayr (type 4. excavatus Mayr). 

Metathorax short, with a median carina; abdomen compressed, above depressed, beneath keeled. 
Terobia Forster (type 7. dispila Foérst.). 
Metathorax very short, without a median carina; abdomen subglobose or short oval; flagellum sub- 
clavate, the pedicel large, the joints of the funicle small, submoniliform, increasing in size towards 
the club....................+..-.-.-..-raraterobia Ashmead g. nov. (type P. nigriceps Ashm.). 


. Antennz inserted near the mouth or just above the clypeus................0000eceecevssceeses 16 


Antennze inserted on or near the middle of the face, far above the clypeus...................... 21 


Marginal! ‘vein in ormall), i ste usetateevoe roe clone hoe etic coe os stovste sate loloiie Nels fel o corel olterens Pere Chere coy tea te et nee Rem 
Marginal vein abnormal, semicircularly thickened at the base.............Stigmatocrepis Ashmead. 
Clypeus at apex truncate or with a slight median sinus, never produced........................ 18 


Clypeus at apex triangularly produced. 
Antennze 12-jointed, the flagellum filiform, pubescent or hairy, the funicle joints quadrate or 
transverse quadrate, losely joined ................0ee0eeeeeeeeeee- dridymus Ratzeburg. 
Head and thorax not umbilicately punctate, at the most finely punctate, shagreened or rugulose, 
SOMEHIMES SM OOUN x, © Mey liclore yavciterelovars aYen, Wats ine ey ettverens iene Miaeyeiaislencreraleraie wlohe ues steroid jehetogey eer eee eee en 
Head and thorax umbilicately punctate. 
Antenne 13-jointed with two ring-joints .........................--Decatomothorax Ashmead. 


9. Head and thorax finely punctate or shagreened, rarely smooth...................20-+0e2-e-0ee* 20 


20. 


21. 


22 


23. 


24. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES ZO 


Head and thorax finely rugulose ; marginal vein not longer than the stigmal, the latter straight but ob- 
lique, not curved, postmarginal vein longer than the stigmal ; antennze 13-jointed with two ring- 
OINE esis ca Cercle coord oe Mere eet seledcein’ sete eee cee caer nae we lloderma Ashmead. 

ANTLERS JON... fe cakicncelae as cns oe kareena oe ne boos belies aie vase en eGastrancistrus. Westwood. 

Perino OINLed nace eta ae Serene ae ere a nes Na os Sais accla aiae cote os OxXV ely pba: Forster: 

SFESSTE NED US OULEN DS NLC ETN CALA Peary ey cesieetater roa PAIN Sette ae aR Aa Tol oiakore) ohne cheteAsve ele. e/aiialGi'e sane retel ediraie wie. vlc lo wrareueie wlovares AD 

Front wings abnormal, the portion comprising the costal cell dilated and obliquely truncate at the 
juncture of the submarginal vein with the marginal ; antennie 13-jointed. ...Epicopterus Westwood. 

Antenne 1S-jombed, withivoror Cures iN] ONS yon ct. os) <v sis inierevisisies ele leiciele Seles wleivie etic se.ceine 20 

ENG US PIIPE NGS 2 ae Atco, Gh OaR AO AD CON O0 HOSUR OCO BOTOLT ODOC CORUM URC OCR itrermar cs 

Mhoraxsat Mosh sparsely, PUNCTALE OPMEALLY SMOOLN: sf. sel ise nic welecise sclee weiss coins llecctenln ceva. Oe 

Thorax slightly rugulosely punctate ; antenne 12-jointed.........................Syntasis Walker. 

Riri oes barree AMniaan PUN AROCLOR eter Soest eetats sis a svaqaieya esr eteielnre iscial sl sfele tists ie class Yael disle e vle.<2e Ehalbsere Gave BO 

Wings without marginal ciliz. 

Antennz 12-jointed with one ring-joint. ............................,Cecedoxenus Ashmead. 
Antenne 11- or 12-jointed with two ring-joints. 
Antenne 11-jointed, with two ring-joints........................Syntomocera Forster. 
Antenne 12-jointed; with two rivg-joints...........................Asematus Forster. 


Asi fenmneyel 32] Our hed arsenate et see ANC heart icc sete sieke oa eis auaauts ts helene sa joue sONMOveLLUS Westwood. 
SGN nite yale py a hte (ess. AS Bacon a oon HOOO DOIDD:0e Un DOROO Ulan Uk Ip SOeiOe.acio tr acdg ee eas eee 


‘Antennsenwiih).diree cine] OMtsys eee eierccisrice totic ite oem si cecal tie srnete eet ey 4a pocerus: Mayr. 


. Metathorax short, with a median carina. .............. cee cece eee ee cove cece es -e berobia Forster. 


Tree I. Metasteninc. 


The species falling in this tribe are easily separated from those in the tribe 


Tridymini by mesonotal characters, the parapsidal furrows being incomplete. 


to 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


a LOESSTHTST ES Rapa ETRE CE coe ad SOR DOSS IC EEDA CCIE ED CI TOIOE EEE IEA D COATS OIE RO CEC GRR Cerca gee 


WEES aA Ae car i a ia ol asian BEC oon ap ao Ce Oona rch ccc He aeie cc oc a aCe Sci ere rene 
Avttennzey 12-7) on ted ee withyeVORIN Po OINtS sees fe ciietere eee ai helaisr even peters Oe Relays vier sielcleies secevelsis sO 
Amtennsealo jointed a withecinoerine | OUUS aris ast cleat ee cicla aay saes ak Prisca clean iciale ere ietciceiaieine) 
Flagellum incrassated ; mandibles 3-dentate, the malar space not large ; metanotum short, smooth, with 
a distinct median carina, the spiracles small; marginal vein longer than the stigmal vein, the post- 
marginal very long.................+++++.+++++.-.-Metastenus Walker (type M. concinus Walk.). 
Flagellum at the most subclavate, the club 3-jointed ; mandibles (?) 4-dentate, the malar space large ; 
axillee widely separated ; metanotum punctate, with a median carina; marginal vein thickened, as 
long as the stigmal vein, the postmarginal longer........ Disema Forster (type D. pallipes Forster). 
Tip of antennze normal, not ending in a spine. .... 6... 6 ce ce ec ce ee et ee ee te ee tenes 5 
Tip of antennze ending in a spine, as in Rhaphiteles Walk., the flagellum long and slender, the funicle 
joints all long; left mandible 3-, the right 4-dentate; metathorax not short, without a median 
carina, the spiracles large, oval; abdomen large, depressed, very much longer than the head and 
thorax united ....................-....Stylophorella Ashmead, g. nov. (type S. perplexa Ashm.). 
Pronotum not distinctly separated... 2. 6. 1. we ee ce te ee ee teen erence 


eon OPM Tis Cis tC ys SET A Ueked orotate Peer ioe Vee icksi ae <latarava1s ric) aisle’ cerace sais ssus(o.0 «le\erwie: afn/siensiovs)e ainies © 


276 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


6. Funicle filiform, the first joint large. 
Marginal vein slender, always longer than the stigmal vein ; abdomen ovate.............0. 7 
Marginal vein thickened, not longer than the stigmal vein. 
Body short; clypeus bidentate ; mandibles 3-dentate...............Xenocrepis Forster 
(type Crxnocrepis arenicola Thoms. ). 


Abdomen with a yellow band at base ; metathorax short, with a median carina and lateral folds ; cly- 


~I 


peus separated, anteriorly arcuate............Dimachus Thomson (type Pteromalus discolor Walk.). 
Abdomen without a yellow band at base; metathorax not short, without a median carina; clypeus 
separated, smooth, with a median tooth anteriorly. .Hemitrichus Thomson (type H. rufipes Thoms.). 


8. Flagellum with the first joint:short,,...accrccc areittya, oto) sieves ssa to a alay Sats Se oreceiateuat ictal ats pelea ancl e ee ee CaS! 
Flagellum with the first joint long-\cylindrical; 225) 4.6- seer i arene ieee eee eae 


9. Antennze short, clavate in both sexes, inserted a little below the middle of the face; clypeus at apex 
truncate ; metathorax rather short, without lateral folds, the spiracles rounded....Habritus Thomson 

(type Pteromalus brevicornis Ratzeburg). 

Antenne filiform, inserted on the middle of the face; clypeus at apex with a median incision ; meta- 
thorax not long, without a median carina, spiracles large, nearly linear.,.......Dinarmus Thomson 

(type D. acutus Thoms. ). 

10. Antennie filiform, inserted on the middle of the face, the funicle joints all longer than thick ; clypeus 


anteriorly with a median sinus ; metathorax not short, without lateral folds, median carina, or spir- 


acular sulci, the spiracles oval.............Arthrolysis Forster (type Pteromalus scabriculus Nees). 
1. Antenne 12-jointed, swith two ring-jomte-- e. 26 ssn. nc ees sieeciee cis oie = eve evs naie erenere cconerel elena eteneme Les 
Antenne 18-jointed,; with) two ringjoints..).¢.<..c.- ce aeriee sees sce sieleieieie silos oi eka clel enteric 


12. Marginal vein not thickened, longer than the stigmal vein ; metanotum short, smooth but with a dis- 


tinct median carina, the spiracles small.................-.--.-+-+-----...-. -Metastenus Walker. 

Marginal yein thickened, not longer than the stigmal vein; metanotum punctate, with a median 

CATLIN 55/2 = Sin teiew ciate ines cimiain sieloivie iw, eheveraSiats ees ise eisies seiatee ies ee aia ora ers Gen eee LS OLA MBO nS hee 

13: Pronotum not distinetly separated a vest arteie-a ial ete oles ant ear sve tues talavers ve, eehioloreleuelatiale (elepale ete steko teense 

FPronotum distinctly S€parated sc -. cycrstersiaie sare cevatenetore leita’ ivi tate © [aves ='sez0y-e1t elo nla, oleutievareiorens actene Cie Meee anLO 

14. Marginal vein slender, always longer than the stigmal vein. ...... 2.2.2.2... cseccescceececesees LO 
Marginal vein thickened, not longer than the stigmal vein. 

Clypeus bidentate ; mandibles 3-dentate...................+.22e02++... menocrepis Forster. 

15,, Metathorax short, with a median carina....................-++++++-+++------ Dimachus Thomson. 

Metathorax not short, without a median carina..................+.+++++.+.-.-Hemitrichus Thomson. 

16) Antenne inserted on) themiddle/ofathe face mon oper caciser-e s/s eee eic slewiele sie ie aire mensional 

Antenne inserted somewhat below the middle of the face.....................-Habritus Thomson. 


17. Metathorax without a median carina, the lateral folds present, the spiracles large, nearly linear. 
Dinarmus Thomson. 


Metathorax without a median carina, the lateral folds absent, the spiracles oval. Arthrolysis Forster. 


SupraAmMiny III. MISCOGASTERIN A. 


1833. Miscogasteridee, Family IV (partim), Walker, Ent. Mag., I., p. 370. 
1835. Ormoceridee, Family (partim), Walker, Ent. Mag., I., p. 167. 
1835. Pteromalide, Family (partim), Walker, Ent. Mag., II., p. 286. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES ATO 


1856. Miscogasteroidee, Family XIV (partim), Forster, Hym. Stud., I]., pp. 19, 24 
and 59. 

1875. Pteromalina, Tribus (partim), Thomson, Hym. Skand., [V., pp. 12 and 216. 

1885. Pteromalinie, Subfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amer., [., p. 198; I1., 1886, 
p. 33. 

1885. Mischogastrides, Subtribus Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. 16 and 219. 

1886. Mischogastrides, Tribe, Howard, Ent. Amer., II., p. 33. 

This subfamily, although distinct, has affinities which ally tt with the families 
Perilampide and the Hucharidx, and also with the Pteromalidx, through the sub- 
family Sphegigasterine. From the last mentioned it is separated by the two-spurred 
hind tibive, from the others by the cephalic, thoracic and abdominal differences 
brought out in my tables. 

Two tribes may be recognized : 


TABLE OF TRIBES. 


Mesonotum with the parapsidal furrows incomplete, indicated only anteriorly ; clypeus transverse, sub- 
lunate, the anterior margin narrowly incised medially.....................Tribe I. Halticopterini. 


Mesonotum with the parapsidal furrows complete; clypeus not transverse.....Tribe II. Miscogasterini. 


Tripe I. Halticopterini. 

The incomplete mesonotal furrows are sufficient to distinguish the tribe. The 
group is apparently parasitic upon Diptera belonging to the family Anthomyiide, 
and some are recorded from Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. ‘These latter records, 
however, are questionable and, additional evidence is needed before the true para- 
sitism of these insects is definitely settled. 

Many insects are found associated with the wood-boring Coleoptera, gall-making 
Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, etc., and it is not easy to tell correctly the host 
from which you breed several parasites. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


2. Clypeus transverse, sublunate, the anterior margin narrowly incised medially. 


Marginal vein longer than the stigmal, the latter ending in a small knob; mandibles strong, 4- 


dentate...........................-Halticoptera Spinola (type Diplolepis flavicornis Spin.). 

Marginal vein usually not longer than the stigmal, the latter with a small knob; mandibles not 

strong, but 4-dentate, the upper tooth bent, the lower straight...............Dicylus Walker 

: (type D. lynastes Walk.). 

3. Palpi abnormal; marginal vein longer than the stigmal.......................Halticoptera Spinola. 
Palpi normal; marginal vein usually shorter than the stigmal or no longer............Dicylus Walker 


? = Tityros Walk. ¢. 


8 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Tree Il. Miscogasterini. 
This tribe may be recognized by the complete mesonotal furrows; otherwise it is 


practically identical with the previous tribe, with similar habits. 


bo 


or 


=I 


se Memales piel wacos a eters 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


tbo 


LE): en ier ae ie ere See Meas A LAS A Oe Ree em Eto ee keh oe ek a ee 


Pronotum: not: distinetly separated). 2)...:2 2) ata = susie ote sible ot om seia late cle cree eo) ae eT ee oe eae 


wo © 


Pronotum distinctly separated. 
Mesothoracic lobes not convex ; abdomen elongate, subcompressed, the petiole short. 
Toxeuma Walker (type T. ericw Walk.). 


. Mesothoracic lobes flat or at most subconvex, the furrows not deep, delicately impressed posteriorly. 4 


Mesothoracie lobes convex; the furrowsldeep.taqarascucer troreseiee eleteinis ee aici ad eee ee eine ea 


. Metathorax long, rugose, with a median carina and complete lateral folds; scutellum with a more or 


less distinct cross-furrow before apex, the lateral margins convergent toward base. 
Megorismus Walker (type M. aon Walk.). 
Metathorax short, almost smooth, with a distinct median carina; scutellum with the lateral margins 
nearly straight, not or only slightly convergent toward base....................Ormocerus Walker 
(type O. latus Walk.). 
Petiole long ;*both mandibles 4-déntates Pyne te oc cive eae te ae isto sac ieee teeieie ee ee ere ERS 
Petiole short or moderate ; mandibles variable. 


heft "mandible, 3-dentate,; the riphti4-dentate, cee <0 ue noise cleleiel istocy-iel os cieis ielein inicio te RIO 


~I 


Both mandibles alike) either 3="ors4-demtates c.. ais ce) ectesestc cere oe) ay eye) eiepele) o ohea = le)lei ots eis eteierate 
Petiole rugose or smooth ; front wings with the stigmal vein ending in a small knob. 

Lamprotatus Westwood (type L. splendens Westw.). 

Petiole punctate, subdepressed ; front wings with the stigmal vein ending in a large knob. 
Dorsum serico-punctate..............G@itognathus Thomson (type Spheropalpus viridis Forst.). 
Dorsum squamo-punctate..................Stictomischus Thomson (type S. scaposus Thoms.). 
Both mandibles 3-dentate ; stigmal knob small; clypeus transverse, separated, the anterior margin 
GHUNCALE - 0... oc oe cee ee ce te ee ee ee ee eens ss se+s ence eladerma Walker (type S; Letum Walk): 
Both mandibles 4-dentate ; stigmal knob large........Miscogaster Walker (type M. hortensis Walk.). 


8. Stigmal vein ending in a large knob... ........0000c0000ceeee0+-0++++2+.2e. -MLiscogaster Walker. 
of Pronotum nov distinctly, separated)... «1c cs cayenne nice icisiotetoien cre stalcre) Sere See eee nee Le 


10. 


1a 


Pronotum distinctly separated. 
Both mandibles 4-dentate ; flagellum hairy, the first joint not longer than wide ; mesothoracic 
lobes: nob Conver oo). e . jiu.eit eobints ci sele hc otelaee! ie alebotens a fare! 's| 0 ci ere slo eee ners ORC MMA AWW AN Cee 
Mesothoracic lobes convex, the furrows deepacc sce sacs ta = ee) celeis Saas a He eens oto 
Mesothoracie lobes flat or at most subeconyex, the furrows not deep, delicately impressed posteriorly. 
Metathorax long, 


cross-furrow before apex, the lateral margins convergent toward base. ...Megorismus Walker. 


rugose, with a median carina and complete lateral folds; scutellum with a 


Metathorax short, almost smooth, with a distinct median carina; scutellum with the lateral 

margins nearly Btralght an couse oovete lnwtea aye oe euhelevee wc ltie de ‘ee om seen wreteine OLMOCELTISHV aliens 

Petiole long or short; both mandibles 4-demtatie rc vet nets «ate <tc. ev= e/a ele winiv.oielelcloteseneietel-Uateeis teenie pesto 
Petiole short ; both mandibles 3-dentate, or the left is 3-dentate, the right 4-dentate. 

Left mandible'3-, the:right 4-dentate . 3 ij..sccce.ts ov lo) ecni'o' axel oussepete esseeiotets levateteaeraeieae neem 

Both mandibles*8-dentatie. <<... foes a ey de cies sicietste err aie ieee me anes eiertfaicie nis eel eee amELO 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 279 


12. Stigmal vein ending in a small knob; palpi normal........................Lamprotatus Westwood. 
Stigmal vein ending in a large knob. 

TAT MOMS Also obon oo GOGS Da Chaco COCO DAOC DOr CoO UDA OOO Or ..Gitognathus Thomson. 

Pal pienoriialaee ee yee aetna ee ee eisero tices tae rior ee SUL LOMMISCHUS; homson: 

13. Stigmal vein ending in a small knob; palpi normal...................-.-.+.-.--Seladerma Walker. 

14. Stigmal vein ending in a large knob ..............000000eee cece eee eee ees «Miscogaster Walker, 


SupramMity ITV. LrEnapin2. 


1899. Lelapinse, Subfamily IV., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 247. 
1901. Lelapinee, Subfamily IV., Ashmead, Faun. Hawaiiensis, [., p. 311. 

This group reaches its greatest development in South America, where the species 
of Lelaps are numerous, although as yet only a few have been described. 

The group is, I think, correctly placed in the family Miscogasteridw. It shows 
some affinities with the Cleonymidx, and with the Pteromalide, through the subfam- 
ily Diparine. The two spurred hind tibiee, however, separate it from the latter, 
while other characters separate it from the Cleonymide. 

The metathorax at apex is most frequently contracted into a neck, the usually 
conically produced abdomen being attached to this neck by a short petiole. The 
megsonotal furrows are complete; the axille are usually approximate, although 
separated at base of the scutellum, while the head, especially in the genus Lelaps, 
resembles somewhat that found among the Cleonymidx, the eyes being large and 
the occiput flat. 

My recently characterized genus Apterolelaps is from North American, and super- 
ficially resembles Philachyra Haliday, a genus in the Hwrytomide. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


PU Tarra we ee ett Ne et Mtr ae koe ph clndih hee ea Ohae wala suite emia Wne Sain ean sSireienys see 
INIA S eR Tee ene Pen yet Dee renee teehee ad ahh the ON Anences on Sera mehte aici mie estate Mo ieisereetsane O 

DepAnitentise sl jointed ewitheo mine Ointare mines ooo matte ere eielele Sidevacietedelsein-leisleforreieis.s/i72).0 8 
Antenne L2-Or TS=jOUMbCd ae ac cele we oes Ceci aalee sie ciese ance snlan es siciepinicieclevivia eee sies ee ascee 5 
Apterous. 


Abdomen conieally pointed, the petiole distinct, a little longer than thick, the second segment 
occupying hardly half its surface ; flagellum rather stout, subclavate, the joints fluted. 

Apterolelaps Ashmead (type A. nigriceps Ashm.). 

4. Abdomen conically produced at apex, and usually ending in a prominent ovipositor ; second segment 

large, occupying fully half the surface, the third to fifth very short, the sixth and seventh together 

conical, longer than half the length of the second. Lelaps Haliday (type Merostenus sodales Walk.). 

5. Abdomen conically produced at apex, the second segment not much longer than the third and fourth 

united, the fifth longer than the fourth, the seyenth conically produced ; scutellum with a cross-furrow 


at its apical third,,...................+..+.++--Neolelaps Ashmead (type N. hawaitiensis Ashm.). 


280 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Abdomen subglobose or short oval, the second segment very large, occupying nearly the whole surface, 
the following very short, more or less retracted within the second ; scutellum with a cross-furrow 
very near its apex..........................-Mesolelaps Ashmead (type M. cyaneiventris Ashm.). 

6. Petiole of abdomen long, the body small, spatulate ; antennze very long, 14-jointed, longer than the 
whole body, the joints long, cylindrical, clothed with long, sparse hairs............Lelaps Haliday. 

Petiole of abdomen very short, the body oblong-oval, truncate at apex; antennz not longer than the 
thorax, 13-jointed, the flagellum filiform, pubescent, the joints after the first about twice as long as 
HBICK go, os2 cored via saree Dats Cele state cia sa eae <a pe ea ane cela ee ROLe a DEA SEEM eas 


Famity LXVII. CLEONYMID. 
1837. Cleonymide, Family (partim), Walker, Ent. Mag., IV., p. 549. 
1846. Eupelmide, Family 9 (partim), Walker, List Chalcid. Brit. Museum, L, p. 52. 
1856. Cleonymoid, Familie XIV.) (partim), Forster, Hym. Stud., I1., pp. 19, 24 
and 46. 

1875. Cleonymides, Subtribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., p. 21 
1878. Cleonymides, Subtribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., V,, p. 3. 
1886. Cleonymides, Tribe, Howard, Entom. Amer., II., pp. 33, 34. 
1899. Cleonymide, Family LX VI., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 200. 

An historical sketch of this family was given in my paper entitled: “On the 


— 


‘i 


Genera of the Cleonymidze,” published in 1899. 

Unquestionably, the family comes nearest to the family HKneyrtide, and forms a 
connecting link between it and some families previously treated, 7. ¢., the Chaleidide, 
Yurytomide and the Miscogasteride ; some genera in the subfamily Chalcedectine 
especially being remarkably like some genuine Chalcidide. Many males, too, are 
easily mistaken for genuine Hupelmimes and Eneyrtines. Pelecinella has some char- 
acters similar to the Hurytomide, and the Torymide. 

Coleotrechnus, placed in this family, is unknown to me. It is placed here from the 
description alone, and may be a genuine Eneyrtid, although nothing is said of a salta- 


torial middle tibial spur. 
TABLE OF SUBFAMILIES. 


tT. Mesonotal furrows not ‘at all indicated; [20 fis ote ne ccca cose «a c.0 iA ms, 6 os A acentcle scleie AEE oe een 
Mesonotal furrows: more‘or less dishinet.2 25.0 oc. os.nle ore ete: v0.0 6 cw) s lo 0 0 jee onie Sante Ieee eee ee 
2; Abdomen lonely petiolated .. <2.)..2<,t 22 <5 cise cle eerste ne eluate Hordes cle iw dc sic efor aeiete em een ene 


Abdomen sessile, or subpetiolate, never longly petiolate. 

Posterior femora much swollen and usually toothed or finely denticulate beneath, as in Chalcis, 
Smicra, etc.; abdomen usually depressed, the ovipositor rarely exserted ; antennz at the most 11. 
jointed, i. 0s.ds seu dc oa a0 oe geievied de eee cetieee ve dovave-d.-MUDIAMIR Ie DOEAT CRENGT INT 

Posterior femora not much swollen and very rarely toothed beneath, the anterior femora usually 
more or less enlarged, sometimes very much swollen and often excised or dentate beneath 
toward apex ; ovipositor often, but not always, exserted ; antennz 11-13-jointed. 

Subfamily II. CLEONYMIN&. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 281 
3. Body of abdomen strongly compressed, sword-shaped, ending in a long ovipositor, the basal sheaths very 
broad ; all legs slender, the hind pair very long, their coxze long, cylindrical ; front wings with the 
marginal and postmarginal veins very long, the latter extending to tip of wing, the stigmal vein very 
small, subsessile ; antennze 11-jointed, inserted close to the mouth, .Subfamily III. PELECINELLIN®. 
4, Abdomen subsessile, compressed, conically produced toward apex; front wings with the postmarginal 
and stigmal veins very short, the knob of the latter nearly sessile, rounded ; posterior tibiae compressed, 
the hind margin denticulate....................-...++-.+--.--Subfamily IV. CoLOTRECHNINE. 
SuBFAMILY [I. CHALCEDECTINAE. 
1889. Polychromminz, Subfamily, Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, I., p. 226. 
1895. Chalcedectinze, Subfamily, Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, III., p. 280. 
1898. Chalcodectinee, Subfamily, Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., p. 186. 
1899. Chalcedectine, Subfamily I., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, LV., p. 201. 
The sessile abdomen and the greatly swollen and usually dentate or serrate hind 
femora, as in the Chalcididx, distinguish the family. It is not represented in 
Europe and has reached its greatest development in South America and Australia, 
where the species are evidently numerous. I have also seen an undescribed species 
from Africa, where it should be well represented. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


iL TETAS Ee aioe a 6 bes. bol oes ROO aaGO RU Td DOT OMIDe acon nace eer HrEGrOserEe Garant cncrnc:. ctaot Reon, 
2. Hind femora much swollen, minutely denticulate beneath... ............ 0.2000 cc ccecccccecceces OD 


Hind femora much swollen and armed beneath with large, distinct teeth, or at least with one large tooth. 
EM amemorarsmineanwruln iGO LATTE CECUe «<i: cic, cicroie wie false oe cere citiieteree Gane aroteio ieee Ne 

Hind femora armed with several teeth. 
Abdomen depressed, the fourth dorsal segment the largest, transversely striate or aciculate- 
Chalcedectes Walker (type C. maculicornis Walker). 


3. Hind femora with one large tooth, with three or four smaller teeth beyond....................... 4 
Hind femora with three large teeth..................Cleptimorpha Walker (type C. binotata Walker) 


4. Abdomen oblong-oval, subcompressed beneath, nearly bare, and ending in a long ovipositor ; head and 
thorax coarsely reticulately punctate ; flagellum long, slender, filiform... ...Chalcidiscelis Ashmead 
(type C. koebelei Ashm.). 
Abdomen shorter than the thorax, compressed, the ovipositor hidden ; mesonotum nearly smooth, or 
transversely striate or wrinkled ; antennie 12-jointed, the funicle 6-jointed, the joints transverse. 
Systolomorpha Ashmead (type S. thyridopterygis Ashm.). 
Pee PeNT sel =] OLE te eee eee IER AY Pacis eras Torsic ry fee niye-4 ere, 5) 8, 27s. sini 6 61, 2S Cipla wD me eave Sere vaiaareaeere vlna 0 
Antenne 10-jointed ...............................Amotura Cameron (type A. annulicornis Cam.). 
6. Abdomen ovate or conic-oyate. 
Abdomen not depressed, convex beneath, the fourth dorsal segment longer than the third, the 
latter a little longer than the fifth ; metathoracic spiracles reniform. Agamerion Haliday ' 
(type Miscogaster gelo Walk.). 
Abdomen depressed, flat above and beneath, the third and fourth dorsal segments short, united 
shorter than the fifth ; stigmal vein rather short ; metathoracie spiracles oval. 
Euchrysia Westwood (type FE. cleptidea Westw.). 
1 Kirby has incorrectly classified this genus with the Chalcidinw. 


282 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


7. Hind femora much swollen, minutely denticulate beneath. ...........--...-.0---eeeeee ee ee ees 10 


Hind femora much swollen and armed beneath with large, distinet teeth or at least with one large 
tooth. 


Hind femora armed with lo’ Silange teeth.- 2.4. <<. sev. > screens) semetenials Cue a eect Pee eno 
Hind femora armed with several teeth..................+.+++++++++.-.-Chaleedectes Walker. 
8; Bind femora with onelaroeootbie os... sete rercie nieces anon clsiaiaye ouetenete ineie ekets Saaeiet arene, 


Hind femora with three large teeth... 0.0.0... 0.00 cceeeeeececeeececess+++. Cleptimorpha Walker. 
9. Head and thorax coarsely, reticulately punctate...........................Chaleidiscelis Ashmead. 
Head and thorax not coarsely reticulately punctate, the mesonotum almost smooth. 


; Systolomorpha Ashmead. 
10. Antenne Di-joimted) 5 Sch ies ae ci eicectey satel bce tovee os cated oot Novaya Bie fetes eh sooo e Lal SCE eicite ee CCIE Rete enero aE 


AntennsexlO-jointed 22 ays e nisess ose ee erste eee coe ree Bee eee ee eee ce oie ALO DLA Oanae Lone 
11. Metathoracic spiracles reniform,..... -..5..6c220-ccc2-seneersts+s+s4.5+0--- Agamerion Haliday, 


Metathoracic spiracles oval. ...... 0... ec 0c cece cs see cece cess sosce sess e+ es tlChrysia) Westwood. 


SupraMity IJ. CLENNYMINa». 
1897. Cleonyminze, Subfamily II, Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, iv, pp. 
201, 202. 

To this group belong the better known genera of the family, namely Cleonymus, 
Cheiropachys, Trigonoderus, Acrocormus, ete., genera of world-wide distribution. It 
is the largest group of the family and includes many genera and species. Most 
of the species appear to attack only coleopterous larvze and are of great economic 
importance, since they destroy beetles destructive to our fruit, shade and forest trees. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


dea (=) 0 ee et ery oar arom nD GoGo nit onthe OAL Uc rcs CRIM OO Meee Gx bomtebnooGarsuceceesons 
2. Anterior femora more or less distinctly swollen, and never excised dentate beneath. .............. 18 


Anterior femora much swollen, or excised dentate beneath .. .. 2... ce ee ce ce ee ee ee ee ee te ce ee ees 
3. Pronotum not much narrowed and always wider than long.................0ccceeeeccccceeces 
Pronotum much lengthened and narrowed, longer than wide. 
Front femora greatly swollen, but not excised dentate beneath ; abdomen conically produced, 
but not much longer than the head and thorax united. 
Heydenia Forster (type H. pretiosa Forster). 
Front femora much swollen, and excised dentate beneath ; abdomen elongate, conically produced. 
Lycisca Spinola (type L. raptoria Spinola). 
Eyes pubescent. 
Ovipositor’ very: longs: jf2 eis. Gases maser vty we eyete ares olerale ieroctapeie) sess el amet ete ar tele ne eie OoRNeee eeG 
Ovipositor not prominent, at the most subexserted. 


Abdomen subrotund, oblong or conic-ovate, the sides rounded, not carinated........ 


or 


Abdomen conic-ovate, or conically lengthened, the sides distinctly carinated. 


Epistenia Westwood (type EZ. cwrulea Westw.). 


10. 


11. 


13. 


Peet D TILMAN CODSPICHOUS OF MUCH cin) lenis yates sstcalclane’ diel el srcseee. sreswley aisle tete Ccletets Slavs ovals) eialieits eld tiae let eer 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 283 


~I 


Labrum conspicuous. 
Abdomen conic-ovate................ Cleonymus Latreille (type Zchneumon depressus Fabr ). 
Abdomen subrotund ; antennz 12-jointed, with three ring-joints............Micradelus Walker 
(type M. rotundus Walk.). 


. Abdomen with the first and fifth segments the longest ; antennze 11-jointed........ Belonea Westwood 


(type B. australica Westw.). 
Abdomen with the first segment longer than the three following, the third produced into a sharp tri- 
angular point at the middle ; antennze 9-jointed......Cameronella Dalla Torre, = Panthalis Cameron 
(type P. blackburnii Cam.). 
Abdomen oblong or long-ovate ; mesonotum with the furrows only slightly indicated anteriorly ; fifth 
abdominal segment nearly as long as the first four segments united, the second and the third to- 
gether hardly longer than the fourth, the first and fourth subequal; front wings maculate. 
Ptinobius Ashmead (type Charilopus magnificus Ashm.). 
IVALICE aha sheers Meu Pe eu nls Rate Chere ay ctareie cays mis cise Ue SRV ole Sep aie teua Roel SGI Too eset nie RE See 
Apterous. 
Abdomen ovate, ending in a long oyipositor ; antennze 13-jointed, with three ring-joints. 
Cea Haliday (type C. pulicaria Haliday). 
Abdomen conic-oyate, or conical, the terminal segment tubular, the ovipositor very long.......... 10 
Abdomen as seen from aboye rotund, compressed or carinate beneath, 
Front wings hyaline, the stigmal vein hardly two thirds the length of the marginal, and a little 
shorter than the postmarginal ; metathorax with lateral folds, the spiracles oval-elliptic. 
Tomicobia Ashmead (type T. tibialis Ashm.). 
Abdomen conic-ovate, the segments subequal, the ovipositor not exserted. 
Front wings with two transverse bands or maculae; pronotum transverse-quadrate, narrowed 
medially ; pedicel not lengthened ........Cheiropachys Westwood (type Sphex colon Linné). 
Front wings without bands or macule ; pronotum transverse-quadrate, but not narrowed medially 
and well separated ; pedicel much lengthened.......................Schizonotus Ratzeburg 
(type S. sieboldii Ratzeb.). 
Last two abdominal segments very long, tubular. Thaumasura Westwood (type T. terebrator Westw.). 
Last five abdominal segments very slender, tubular. Solenura Westwood (type S. telescopica Westw.). 
Mesothoracic) fArrows COMP le bey cer ere ai acteietense vies = Tele Win retetacehelsbovele ele yncoraemt oe) ate taeev seeps lciarereisiajecs m5 LO 
Mesothoracic furrows incomplete, indicated only anteriorly. 
Pronotum short Marrow edemenia ll yes. a ctcsiee me) so cisleer sero xe ole ete Gtateheyeetcietele, mie Atal sina stereo Le 
Pronotumeveryrlone Comical nara tate e era ae cies a sraiereisl te stave arerexe minis ee ar clenesneieteiciiociemwien be LO 
Mar pina li vein mobo KeMme ding cppecucciencetie cata cial seis: stavole cae aia lela a elias are daleieieya la vase tants wceane SLO 
Marginal vein thickened, shorter than the postmarginal. Zapachia Forster (type Z. spiloptera Forst.). 
Abdomen oval, hardly as long as the thorax, above depressed... ........ 0.00 cece cece eeeeeeeeee 14 
Abdomen conical, longer than the thorax, the segments after the first, which is the longest, subequal. 
Front wings with one transverse band, the stigmal club large..............Acrocormus Forster 
(type A. semifasciatus Thoms.). 
Front wings without a band, the stigmal club small. Caudonia Walker (type C. agylla Walk.). 


. Front wings with a large, broad fuscous band beneath, the marginal and stigmal veins having a tri- 


angular hyaline streak within from the marginal vein ; stigmal vein long, subclavate, as long as the 
marginal ; funicle joints 8 to 6 a little wider than long..........Brachycaudonia Ashmead g. noy. 


(type B. californica Ashm.). 


284 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


15. 


16. 


ile 


bo 
or 


Abdomen ovate, shorter than the thorax, the segments subequal ; middle tarsi incrassate. 

Notanisus Walker (type N. versicolor Walk.). 
Abdomen: ‘sessile. -..<.50:aes aie <.i/sa. sdin wenn Sreecer tic tel etnre lara rore slat eine ote Tia a) ol alle aero ttetee ante eines Tae eg) 
Abdomien petiolate 3: 5:-0\ 2.52.02: Aoceresep cis PR ye elo nase ed eteha omelet ecciatehy ola lady oP ee Ble telees Ree Ce teeta ees 
Abdomen elongate, conically produced or acuminate at apex; postmarginal vein well developed. 18 
Abdomen long, conic-ovate, ending in a prominent ovipositor, which is dilated into three broad, leaf- 


like expansions, like a propeller ina naphtha launch. Dinoura Ashmead (type D. auriventris Ashm.). 


. Seutellum without a transverse grooved line before tip; head triangular, narrowed anteriorly....., 21 


Scutellum with a transverse grooved line before the tip; head with rounded, convex cheeks. © 


Pronotum transverse, nob large S50 2ksc2 se vee ce se sie Pa nie te Mews obe eee SER Ate eal 
Pronotum large, almost quadrate.............. Merostenus Walker (type M. phedyma Walk.). 

. Pronotum very short, visible from above as a fine transverse line.................s0ceeeeeee--- 20 
Pronotum transverse.........................-..Lrigonoderus Westwood (type 7. princeps Westw.). 


. Antenne 13-jointed ; middle tibize normal ; metanotum with a sharp median carina. 


Anoglyphis Forster (type A. nubilosa Forst.). 
Antenne 14-jointed ; middle tibiz much lengthened. Macromesus Walker (type M. amphiretus Walk.). 


. Middle tibix not dilated at apex..................Platygerrhus Thomson (type P. gracilis Thoms.). 


Middle tibiz dilated at apex, their tarsi broad at base............................. Pegopus Forster 
(type Prosopon montanus Walk.). 


. Scutellum without a transverse grooved line before tip.........................Photismus Thomson 


(type P. nubilosus Thoms. ). 


. Front femora not, or less distinctly, swollen, and never excised dentate beneath................. 28 


Front femora much swollen, and sometimes excised dentate beneath. 
Pronotum not much narrowed and always wider than long. ..............c0ceeeceeeeese+ 24 
Pronotum much narrowed and lengthened. 


Front femora much swollen but not excised dentate beneath; abdomen clavate, de- 


LOSS 3 e)ais trey oe eccreeuale arte ees vase ramen re Bae Mee ene Eee CV MGR mHLOEStEn: 
Front femora swollen and excised dentate beneath....................Lycisca Spinola. 

Eyes pubescent. 
Abdomen:not,carinate along the sides. ...0-.t-ctne oot etoile e oe ee eae oe eine eee) 
Abdomen carinate along the sides................00e+0eeeeeeee+++-..bpistenia Westwood. 
: Labrumy inconspicuous or hidden)... ee eats csecice os eve sistel am else wie eats ersie ol s]ovela loin ers Pee Recor ersten 


bo 
~I 


Labrum conspicuous. 
Metathorax with a median carina, the spiracles large, oblong or oval; flagellum subclavate, 
densely hairy, the joints of the funicle wider than long.............. Cleonymus Latreille. 
Metathorax without a median carina, the spiracles small, rounded; flagellum long, filiform, 


densely hairy, the joints of the funicle long.........................Micradelus Walker. 


26. Front wings bifasciate or maculate ; marginal vein slender, about twice.as long as the stigmal ; pro- 


notum not short ; metanotum with a median carina; head lenticular, much wider than the thorax. 
Ptinobius Ashmead. 


. Front wings bifasciate ; marginal vein not longer than the stigmal, the latter long, strongly clavate ; 


pronotum short, transverse, slightly narrowed ; metanotum with a short median carina, the spiracles 
elliptic ; head transverse ; pedicel shorter than the first joint of the funicle. Cheiropachys Westwood. 
Front wings hyaline, not fasciate ; marginal vein longer than the stigmal, the latter not especially long, 


ending in a small knob; pronotum large, quadrate, well-separated........Schizonotus Ratzeberg. 


aeov a. Pe .4 


28 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 285 


PEN CHONOUIME A WItLEOn Ot UrO we COMP LAlO. ot fart! scs diets aleeeuietoe oP mete aTG @ el ceeic mien Me xe curries ellen OO 
Mesonotum with incomplete furrows, indicated only anteriorly. 
ArT velit TIO bani KON OMe rence eters ues tuaNeararors, ohOa cintes euraiehs oisiere ois hers fie 29 


Marginal vein thickened, shorter than the postmarginal....................Zapachia Forster. 


29. Wings with a transverse band or fascia. 
Stiemal) clubverylarees.... serecisis oc wallace sets «+o eins onic wre sig wiih eles os ¢-AACLOCOLINUS Horster, 
Stiomall clubismalle aan. see ten ian cle hee eieinnes Wels Aanr cate <4 seco or achycanuionia Ashmead, 
Wings hyaline, without a fascia. 
Siromall clabismralle we ete eee e cchacter atcha ce eae aes sieeve s oeiee aerate OA RGOnIa) Walker; 
SSE OLOID OL MEMO Ste mae Nepre heAL ara onn waits row nian cto Te eye erie int ee Rsne ears eas) AeTe «eae aie is ential Robetscclp aisheyal a VOM 
Abdomen sessile. 
Scutellum with a transverse grooved line before apex. ........ 2... seee cece cece ce eececeees OL 
Scutellum without a transverse grooved line before apexX............0.ce cece cece eeeeee OF 
31. Pronotum very short, visible from above as a fine transverse line. .......... 0.0. cece ee ee ee ee ee es OF 
Pronotum not very short. 
EYOnObUM: QUAUTAtO). cae esse cee te Seis ene odes caine idiée ne sieinnce ss aLerostenus Walker. 
Prongtumetranisyverse; ae ere aersescis iecive wiieeintene ce cen cen eae anne erie ONOGOLUS Westwood. 
32. Metanotum not short, smooth and with a sharp median carina ; antennze 13-jointed. 
Anoglyphis Forster. 
Metanotum very short, closely punctate ; antenne 14-jointed,.................Macromesus Walker. 
SoebosnmanginnleyeimmwelludGyelopednecicccsc ce a. aeccietaceis = ay eunctna eet icles ote etetaletele, Seusiet seer resto 
Postmarginal vein scarcely longer than the short stigmal yeln with its knob; scutellum with two par- 
allel dorsal grooved lines; metanotum with a median carina; antennze........-Dinoura Ashmead. 
33. Middle tibie not dilated at apex... .......... cece ee cc eeceecceccceccee ess Llatygerrhus Thomson. 
Middle tibize dilated at apex, the tarsi much thickened at base................... Pegopus Forster. 
34. Scutellum without a transverse grooved line before the tip....................Photismus Thomson. 


SupFrAMILY II]. PErELECINELLINZ”. 


1897. Pelecinellinee, Subfamily III., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 201. 


This subfamily is at present represented by a single genus, Pelecinella Westwood. 


Three species have been described, all from Brazil, and these are the largest and in 


some respects the most striking looking Chalcid-flies known. 


The affinities of the group were discussed in my paper, “On the Genus Peleci- 


nella Westwood,” published in 1897. 


Form very elongate ; pronotum very long, longer and narrower than the mesonotum, contracted in front ; 


head with a deep frontal furrow; abdomen long, compressed, lanceolate, ending in a long ovipositor, and 
longly petiolate ; hind legs long, the coxze long and cylindrical, the tibizee longer than the femora, very 
gradually widened toward apex and terminating in two spurs, the tarsi slender, as long as the femora, the 
first joint longer than joints 2-5 united ; stigmal vein very short, the marginal vein long, the postmarginal 


longer than the marginal.........................Pelecinella Westwood (type B. phantasma Westw.). 


SuBFAMILY IV. CoLoTRECHNIN”. 


1875. Colotrechnides, Subtribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., p. 217. 
1878. Colotrechnides, Subtribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., p. 46. 


286 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


1886. Colotrechnides, Tribe, Howard, Ent. Amer., II., pp. 53 and 34. 
1897. Colotrechninze, Subfamily IV , Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 
201. 

This group is unknown to me in nature. It is based upon Thomson’s genus 
Colotrechnus, occurring in Sweden, who called it a subtribe. 

Thomson’s description clearly indicates that it belongs to the family Cleonymidz, 
although the absence of mesonotal furrows is strongly suggestive of the Hneyrtide. 
Wings with the stigmal and postmarginal veins very short, the knob of the former rounded, subsessile ; 


frontal depression long ; antenn:e 12-jointed, inserted below the middle of the face, the funicle 5-jointed ; 
hind tibize compressed, the hind margin denticulate. .Colotrechnus Thomson (type C. subewrulens Thoms. ). 


Famity LXVIII. ENCYRTID. 
1837. Encyrtide, Family (partim), Walker, Ent. Mag., IV., p. 439. 
1840. Encyrtide, Subfamily 4, Westwood, Intro. Mod. Classif. Ins., II., p. 166; 
Synop., p. 66. 
1846. Eupelmide, Family 9 (partim), Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I., p. 52. 
1846. Encyrtide, Family (partim), Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I., p. 53. 
1848. Pteromalide, Family V. (partim), Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, II., p. 
104. 
1856. Eupelmoide, Familie IV. (partim), Forster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 18, 21 and 30. 
1856. Encyrtoide, Familie V. (partim), Férster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 18, 21 and 32. 
1875. Encyrtina, Subtribus (partim), Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. 12 and 112. 
1885. Encyrtine, Subfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amer., I., pp. 198, 216. 
1897. Encyrtide, Family LX VIII., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 


236. 
1900. Eneyrtidee, Family LX VIII., Ashmead, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, XXII, p. 
202. 


This family was very fully characterized and discussed in my paper entitled 
“On the Genera of the Subfamily Eneyrtinze,” published in the Proceedings of the 
U.S. National Museum for 1900. It is unnecessary, therefore, to repeat the charac- 
terization of the group, since the classification here is practically identical, the only 
change being the establishment of a new tribe in the Hupelmine, and some new 
genera in the various tribes. 

TABLE OF SUBFAMILIES. 


1. Mesonotum entire, convex or subeconvex, the parapsidal furrows entirely absent.................. 2 
Mesonotum not entire, usually depressed or impressed, rarely convex, the parapsidal furrows distinct 
or at least more or less distinct, never entirely wanting ; marginal vein usually long. 


Subfamily I. EUPELMIN#®, 


Lae 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 287 


2. Marginal vein rarely very long, often punctiform, and always much shorter than the submarginal or 
subcostal vein ; stigmal vein usually short, rarely long; scutellum never short or transversely linear ; 
middle tibis without lateral spurs ................-.22see2002-+2+... 9Udfamily II. ENCYRTINZE. 

Marginal vein long, as long as the submarginal or subcostal vein ; seutellum very short, transversely 


linear ; middle tibiz with lateral spurs, the apical spur lobed. ...... Subfamily ILI]. SiGNIPHORIN2. 


SupramMity J. Evupeimin». 
1846. Eupelmide, Family (partim), Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XVII, p. 114. 
1856. Eupelmoidie, Familie 4, Forster, Hym, Stud., [I., pp. 18, 21 and 30. 
1875. Eupelmina, Tribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. 11 and 102. 
1886. Eupelmine, Subfamily, Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 198. 
1897. Eupelminz, Subfamily I., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 238. 

This subfamily is quite distinct from the other two subfamilies, and is easily 
recognized by the structural peculiarities of the mesonotum brought out in my 
table of subfamilies. 

A full account of the group is given in my paper entitled, ““On the Genera of the 
Eupelmine,” published in the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Wash- 
ington for 1896. Since that paper was published, however, a new tribe and some 
new genera have been recognized ; these are characterized below. 


TABLE OF TRIBES. 

Mesonotum in females always depressed or impressed, concave or subconcayve, medially with usually a tri- 
angular elevation anteriorly, the parapsidal furrows not, or rarely, sharply defined, never short ; in males 
subeonvex, with the furrows rarely complete, not short nor curved off laterally..... Tribe I. Eupelmini. 

Mesonotum conyex in both sexes, the parapsidal furrows delicate, but always complete, short and strongly 


curved off laterally, the scapule short................00ce cece ee ceee sees Lribe IT, Tanaostigmini. 


Tribe [. Kupelmin. 

The impressed and incomplete mesonotal furrows in the females distinguish the 
group. ‘The males are not so readily defined, and are easily mistaken for males in 
the family Cleonymidx, the mesonotum being sometimes subconvex, with the fur- 
rows complete or incomplete ; the mesopleura are, however, usually entire and this 
peculiarity, together with the venation, the structural characters of the head, the 


antenne and the metathorax, will, in most cases, distinguish these insects. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


2) Hind, tibis and first tarsal jommbticompressed and broad... cc ee ce cece eee ee seer re cree vieceenee OG 


Hind tibize and first tarsal joint neither compressed nor broad (rarely with the hind tibize slightly com- 


288 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


3. 


~I 


10. 


Byes hairy ; antennze 13-jointed ; axillee meeting at base of scutellum...........Metapelma Westwood 
(type M. spectabilis Westw.). 

~ Mront femora; much! s wollenyc ci) ccscrteteetrs ae ore a leterereycletee is wise te sicleiess [os tome a ts at eee Lecanto ere ere ene 
Front femora normal, or not much swollen: -..:i.7..52).¢-2 -0 222 > 5-s 2 eo ose teers stteerawne TAO 


Winged ; front femora armed with minute spines beneath ; ovipositor very long.....Oodera Westwood 
(type O. gracilis Westw.). 


Wingless ; front femora unarmed ; ovipositor subexserted ; head large, quadrate ; eyes rounded, bare ; 


temples broad... ..........0.csecceeeeeeeeee+e++++.+-Ooderella Ashmead (type O. smithit Ashm.). 
First tarsal joint of middle legs without strong spines beneath, at most with hairs.................. 7 
First tarsal joint of middle legs with strong spines or minute black teeth beneath................. 8 


Mesonotum not impressed ; axille triangular, meeting at base of scutellum. ..., Charitopus Forster 


(type C. fulviventris Forst.). 


. Face deeply excavated, the front ocellus always placed in the furrow............-.-2eeeeeeee cece D 
Face rarely deeply excavated, although often with deep antennal furrows, the front ocellus never 
placed invthe, fumro ws ots e:25 3. .se, Cs selovs stele Sebe Grasse eRe ne eoie eee Ee aE OTe ee OE Ce ee mee 
Middle stibiss wery long tee sciee ae oases ee ee oe ee LE eC eRe era 
Middle: tibize not ‘very long c.o0. 45.2 oso: tce cs aro Bec roeeoly orto ee eeu ete eater ee 
Antenne inserted near the border of the mouth. .......Stenoceroides Dalla Torre = Stenocera Walker 


(type S. walkeri Curtis). 
Antenne inserted far above the mouth border ; postmarginal vein greatly lengthened. 
Polymoria Forster (type P. coronata Thomson). 


11. Axillze not united at base of the scutellum, their inner suture strongly curved ; postmarginal vein very 
short, scarcely developed, or rarely longer than the stigmal vein........... Eusandalum Ratzeburg 

= Balcha Walker = Ratzeburgia Forster (type E. abbreviatum Ratz.). 

i277 Eyes: nairy, Or PUbESCeNb =i omens aioe sacite eee oeie a PoE ROR ROE Cee eee ee Leite Le 
BIOS DATC fa. 2'51%5,.74 mye ientt syeisloatenisin sles soe eterna seis oe SOMO M EE e e Ente RREE eee 14 

13. Seutellum with a broad base against the mesonotum, the axille being widely separated........... 26 
Scutellum with a narrow base against the mesonotum, the axillze approximate or united at base of 
Bebe tia yon. 35 aim prs ink olin on wields winig sae G8 atone. Se ole es x SISter oe ee 

14. Hind “tibie with:2 apical Spursi:. aanu. ens apdsias see eis oar eee ee eee Ee eee Oe Ea 
Hind tibie with T apical spar ssi 4. sc vabtace dani n/do ee ite Seka eae ane oe ae a 

15. Antenne inserted below the middle of the face ; stigmal vein very long, curved... ..Calosoter Walker 


16. 


ge 


18. 


(type Pteromalus eneubalus Walk.). 

Antenne inserted above the middle of the face ; stigmal vein very short.........Chirolophus Haliday 
(type C. eques Haliday). 

Head large, transverse, wider than the thorax, the eyes large, oblong oval, convergent above, the 
vertex, however, not especially narrow, the lateral ocelli close to the eyes but not touching the inner 


margin ; antennze subclayate, inserted a little below the base of the eyes, and widely separated ; 


abdomen depressed, not longer than the thorax, the ovipositor hidden......... Solindenia Cameron 
(type S. picticornis Cam.). 
Second dorsal abdominal segment short, not incised at apical margin. ....................-.-... 18 


Second, third and fourth dorsal abdominal segments usually incised medially at apical margin, the 
19 


second the largest segment, 5. ee. -cie.ctas aed varermiare ee oars ler ieee freee ae 
Stigmal vein not short ; abdomen oval, narrower than the thorax, ovipositor exserted. 


Brasema Cameron (type B. brevispina Cam.). 


19. 


bo 
bo 


30. 


31. 


ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 289 


Abdomen at the most with dorsal segments 1 to 8 incised at apical middle ; sometimes with only the 
TEMS URE eA OIEC BLT EN cao eleven eretacinl eal stainsis nigel gett e aiclaeisiatas Mniela arr tialaiewiais.o alee a clelrisisiae se 2U 


Abdomen with dorsal segments 2 to 5 incised or emarginate at apical margin................. 25 


. Second abdominal segment not as long as all the segments united... 2... 0.0.0... 000 cece ee ee ee ee QI 


Second abdominal segment as long as all the segments united, ............ 0.000 ce ee ee ee ee D4 


. Eyes neither especially large nor strongly convergent above (although somewhat convergent), the ver- 


tex, not very narrow, the hind:ocelli not approximate, .. 00.5... ccc cw ec be eee ce erdaneve oy 22 
Eyes very large, strongly convergént above, the vertex narrow, the hind ocelli very approximate, the 
ironucoeellus plated) tar antemOrlynre./s-cntettnste eee <ciersie aes 8.2 tk ce ate sas deatle dels dae doles we 


. Frons with a deep A-shaped antennal furrow ; antennze 18-jointed, ringed with white, inserted close to 


the mouth............................. Idoleupelmus Ashmead (type J. annulicornis Ashmead). 
Frons deeply grooved ; antennze 13-jointed, but not ringed with white, clavate, obliquely truncate at 
apex from beneath, inserted on or near the middle of the face; abdomen longer than the head and 
thorax united, the dorsal segments 1-8 incised at apical middle...........Macreupelmus Ashmead 
(type M. brasiliensis Ashmead)- 


. Abdomen spatulate ; occiput with a bunch of deep black bristles behind the ocelli. 


Tineobius Ashmead (type 7. citri Ashmead). 
Abdomen long, oblong-oyal ; occiput normal.....Ischnopsis Ashmead (type I. ophthalmica Ashmead). 


. Eyes converging above ; antennz inserted on the middlé of the face................ Lutnes Cameron 


(type L. ornaticornis Cam.). 


. Seape long and more or less compressed ; postmarginal vein very long, the stigmal vein curved, not 


Short... 2.2... cece ce ce ween cece sees cess. -Cerambycobius Ashmead (type Hupelmus cleri Ashm.). 


oe WAN LOSS Or SUA PhELOUSs acres wa lceectetelaiterei slays ie jslotsase shes ie erelsl eiaiens asaaue See sie menses eae R see eisieem eh 


. Metathoracic angles normal ; antennze inserted only a little below the middle of the face, never close 


to the mouth border ; face without transverse fUrrows....... 2.2... ..csecsececcecneccercssewes 28 
Metathoracic angles spined ; antennie inserted close to the mouth border ; face with transverse furrows. 
Myrmecomimesis Dalla Torre (type Myrmecopsis nigricans Walk.). 


. Abdomen with dorsal segments 2 to 6 not incised at apical middle. ..........Hupelminus Dalla Torre 


(type Urocryptus excavatus Westw.). 
Abdomen with dorsal segments 2 to 6 more or less incised or emarginate at apical middle (apterous 
OUINS) peaches rae Pie Rieter sashes emre slureeh endian acl acie te Renee aoe AUD eMnUS Dalman: 
Abdomen long. conic-ovate, oblong, or conically acuminate, as long or much longer than the head and 
thorax united, the dorsal flap always deeply incised at apical middle................2222+24-. 80 
Abdomen clavate or spatulate, broadened behind, narrowed toward the base, not as long as the thorax 
or shorter than the head and thorax united, depressed or flat above, the dorsal flaps not incised or 
PRE CIS ONS OLE ON TAC Cet ta rery we anct ts cialis ard olar'els) sinus a4 aeiele oud aie oiler eiele lve npietsiplarereicliereina'e oi Oo: 
Ovipositor shorter than the body, usually shorter than the abdomen, .................2-2-2e20e 81 
Ovipositor always longer than the entire body, usually very much longer. ..............2.0202-. 82 
Antenne inserted a little below the middle of the face, on or above an imaginary line drawn from the 
base of the eyes, rarely a little below it............Hupelmus Dalman (type HE. memnomius Dalm.). 
Antenne inserted above the middle of the face, or at least never below the middle. 
Axille widely separated at base of scutellum ; wings not short, the marginal vein long, the stig- 
mal vein very short, the postmarginal long; antennze 13-jointed. .... . Charitolophus Forster 
(type C. cerulescens Forst.). 
Axillee approximate ; wings short, somewhat narrowed ; antenni 9-jointed (teste Motschulsky). 
Cacotropia Motschulsky (type C. echidna Motsch.), 


290 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


32. 


33. 


3b4. 


36. 


a7. 


38. 


39. 


40. 


41. 


43. 


44, 


Scape compressed, extending far beyond the ocelli; scutellum without a tuft of long stiff bristles at 
apex ; abdomen elongate, the dorsal flap and segments 2-4 incised at apical middle ; ovipositor very 
much longer than the entire insect..................Phlebopenes Perty (type P. senate Perty). 

Scape long, slender, cylindrical, extending only a little above the ocelli; scutellum with a tuft of long. 
stiff black bristles, as in Eneyrtus Latr.; abdomen not so elongate, segments 2-5 at apex, excised 
medially ; ovipositor a little longer than the entire insect; front wings with a broad fuscous band 
across the middle................... Eneyrtaspis Ashmead, g. noy. (type E. brasiliensis Ashm.). 

Head viewed from in front normal, at least as long as wide, or at least only a little wider than long ; 
antennal furrows not very deep and very short; eyes oblong or ovate...............++.++2.-. 34 

Head viewed from in front about twice as wide as long, the antennal furrows very deep ; eyes round, 
strongly convergent above ; postmarginal vein not longer than the stigmal. Lecaniobius Ashmead 

(type L. cockerellii Ashm.). 

Seutellum normal; without ay buttion hairs ho octet coal ave iste sioselo ieee aioli late ete ee eee 

Scutellum with a fascicle of hairs; club of antennze compressed..................Hoplopsis Destefani 

(type H. mayri Destefani). 


5. Malar furrow distinct ; no carina from the lower part of each eye to base of each antenna; antenn:e 


inserted on or somewhat below an imaginary line drawn from base of eyes, rarely slightly above 
this line....................+--+--+-----. Anastatus Motschulsky (type A. mantoide Motsch.). 
Malar furrows indistinct or subobsolete ; a distinct carina extends from the lower part of each eye to 
the base of each antenna ; antennz inserted just above the clypeus........ Arachnophaga Ashmead 
(type Eupelmus piceus How.). 


Hind tibize and first tarsal joint compressed, broad. angio 5 : Raa eotacng : A cui 
Hind tibize and first tarsal joint simple, the tibiz ee slightly eased: never jena the first 
tarsal. goint always, cylindrical... «<0 ss aessstsne 2 «cot v cies fe sue ne othe m eee eniaeiesiee Gee eee Oe 
Eyes hairy ; flagellum subclayate, obliquely truncate at tip................. Metapelma Westwood 
Hront femora much: Swollens), icc. 46 ee fer sora sacle ech eae eee eee Ie CeCe eeeOs 
Front femora ‘Normals 2 ccse sled. cw sim Sie od hisjeie/a(ateaydeie eye oyerees Se wlarobe tsetse ersten ioiste eres trae Siar eR, 
Front femora armed with minute spines beneath.......................++.....--Oodera Westwood. 
Front femora not armed with minute spines beneath...........................Ooderella Ashmead. 
Antennz ramose or branched’: i) \i5.-sctow nie isis ie aie oie wists leg eerste eevee) ister (Sasol tl areeie ee mEe 
Antennze: simple, withowt branches’... 5 <./<icsec/epeierstalerst sel ns clerersralmccrecioteietsley vial everapalle atten clelels aetna meee 
Flagellum with four branches. 
Myes bare. 2... ..c sco +s os ccteer duce cacic cee cee = Chlvolophus Haliday (type OC. equesnttal.)- 
Eyes hairy..................+.+..+....... Chiritolophus Foérster (type C. cwrulescens Forst.). 


. Antennze inserted near the middle of the face or above an imaginary line drawn from the base of the 


QYOB) ares oo, pn ere o%e eves Sluilaie) wlei'aye aver sipneretae tale’ mceyetee rege ta tetera ieie esol iste clovs eae, slave ire arte otters Revol tone eee EES 
Antenne inserted just above the Se or Belov an imaginary line drawn from the pas of the eyes. 48 


Mesonotal furrows incomplete or wanting at the most vaguely impressed or indicated only anteriorly 


and converging and ending near the middle of the scutum. ............ 0.020 cecececcerccesces 44 
Mesonotal ‘furrows distinet, entire: £25 ssce sate alotetemte ts tees a/pvtgesiersiaceis ib. ore al Sane ee eee eo 
Axilla united or not widely separate at the base of the scutellum...........................- 46 


Axillee well separated at base of the scutellum. 
Stigmal and postmarginal veins short, the latter the shorter, always much abbreviated ; hind 


sutures of axillee curved; scape not compressed................Husandalum Ratzeburg. 
Stigmal and postmarginal veins not short, the latter a little the longer ; hind sutures of axille 
straight ; scape somewhat compressed ...................+-++++.+++..-~-Calosoter Walker. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 291 


45. Hind tibize not compressed....... . 48 
Hind tibize compressed. 

Pedicel not small, obconical, larger than the first joint of the flagellum. ? genus 

PaMLIVCR PUDESCEN Liye. tee esa cries cal once cite ee oll erewic ie eienpes eeisincde eit o deuls MLACrel pels Ashmead: 


47. Postmarginal vein long, twice or nearly twice as long as the stigmal vein ; scape short ; flagellum fil- 
iform, clothed with a dense pubescence ; pedicel minute. 
Joints 1-7 of funicle always longer than thick, the club-joints not very long. 
Cerambycobius Ashmead. 
Joints of funicle very short, thicker than long, the club-joints usually very long. 


Anastatus Motschulsky. 
48. Hind tibize somewhat compressed. 


Pedicel obeonic, smaller than the first joint of the funicle, the joints of the flagellum, except some- 
times 6 and 7, longer than thick ; dorsal abdominal segments not incised medially at apex. 
Arachnophaga Ashmead. 
Tree Il. = Tanaostigmint. 

This little group is allied to the subfamily Hncyrtine, in which group Dr. How- 
ard first placed his genus Tanaostigma, and also to the family Cleonymidx, where, 
deceived by a male specimen, I first placed the genus Hutrichosoma. Additional 
specimens, and the discovery of two new genera have enabled me to see more clearly 
the affinities and relationship of the group to other chalcidids, and I believe other 
discoveries will confirm my views in assigning it a position with the Hupelminwe 
rather than with the Hneyrtine. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


CTU hae a, eee eee ee ee PE Re ME ne ich orem at a PRYOR 
2. Scape of antenne slender, not at all dilated ..... 2... 22 ee cece ee ce cece eee eee rete eter eens cncnee 4 


Scape of antennz broadly dilated beneath, or dilated, or compressed its entire length. 

Scape compressed or dilated its entire length ......... 2-2-2 eee ee eee ee ete ee eee 3 
Scape broadly dilated beneath ; flagellum flattened, the joints of the funicle atledbanalare 
and much wider than long ; Pastanginal vein shorter than the stigmal, the latter long ; 
postmarginal vein shorter than the stigmal, the latter long, nearly perpendicular with the 

front margin ; abdomen not longer than the thorax, the oyipositor slightly exserted. 
Tanaostigma Howard (type 7. coursetie Howard). 
3. Flagellum subclavate, the joints of the funicle cylindrical, a little longer than thick ; postmarginal vein 
about as longas the stigmal vein, the latter not short ; body bare ; abdomen as long as or a little longer 
than the head and thorax united..............Tanaostigmodes Ashmead (type 7. howardii Ashm.). 
Flagellum subcompressed, the funicle joints, or at least 1 to 3, wider than long ; body well clothed with 
short, scale-like white hairs; abdomen subglobose, scarcely as long as the thorax, the ovipositor 
subexserted...................-.....Trichencyrtus Ashmead, gen. nov. (type 7. chapadw Ashm.). 
4. Body clothed with short scale-like white hairs; scape very slender, the flagellum stout, pubescent, the 
joints wider than long; wings glabrous, the stigmal vein ending in a knob, slightly curved and as long 
as the marginal vein, the postmarginal vein wanting...........++. 0200 eee .Eutrichosoma Ashmead 
(type E. mirabile Ashm.). 


292 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


5.. Magellum filiform: without branches jee. .ccksc! sales viv ola ave alerts op alone aio eo ante ale ei Ie eee ate cee eee 
Flagellum with four branches. 


Body bare or nearly. 


Branches of flagellum long. ...............20+e2e+e+eeeeee e+e Lanaostigma Howard. 
Branches of flagellum short ........................--... Lanaostigmodes Ashmead. 


Body well clothed with short, stout, scale-like white hairs.......... Trichencyrtus Ashmead. 
6. Body well clothed with short, stout, scale-like white hairs; wings glabrous, the stigmal vein curved, as 
long as the marginal vein and ending in a knob, the postmarginal vein absent ; scape very slender, 
the joints of the funicle much wider than long and briefly but distinctly pedicellate. 
Eutrichosoma Ashmead. 
SupraMity IJ. Encyrrin®. 
1840. Enecyrtides, Subfamily 4 (partim), Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class Ins. Synop., 
p. 72. 
1856. Encyrtoidee, Familie 5, Forster, Hym. Stud., L, p. 18. 
1875. Enecyrtina, Tribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., [V., pp. 12 and 112. 
1886. Encyrtinee, Subfamily, Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 198. 
1897. Encyrtine, Subfamily II., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 248. 
1900. Encyrtinee, Subfamily II., Ashmead, Proe. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXIII., p. 324. 
This subfamily was fully characterized in my paper, “On the Genera of the En- 
cyrtinze,” published in 1900. : 
The four tribes into which it was divided may be recognized by the aid of the 


following table : 
TABLE OF TRIBES. 


1. Mandibles bi- or tri-dentate, or broadly truncate at apex, never acute ; tarsi always 5-jointed..... ote 


bo 


eee ee we eee 8 


Mandibles at apex tridentate, the teeth sometimes very minute; labrum usually conspicuous...... 4 


Mandiblesidentate; acnte:ab apex? 3 s/c.c chine cieianicins tiie oetieisins vies eelseiee rene 


2. Mandibles at apex, bidentate or, truncate................ 


3. Mandibles not stout, or only moderately so, rather long and always bidentate at apex; labrum free ; 
abdomen in females with the hypopygium large, lanceolate or plowshare-shaped, inclosing the ovi- 
positor, and extending beyond the anus ; the second segment most frequently large ; antennze usually 
inserted just above the clypeus, rarely just below the middle of the face. Tribe I. Eetromini. 

Mandibles stout, but short and polished, the apex broadly truncate, unarmed or nearly so; labrum 
conspicuous ; abdomen with the hypopygium less evidently prominent, not projecting ; body usually 
stout, not metallic; hind tibize with fvo spurs; antennze inserted below the middle of the face. 

Tribe Il. Eneyrtine. 

4. Hind tibise with one apical spur; hypopygium not prominent; body most frequently, but not always 

Saeed wali Ubi Mu heubiee 

5. Tarsi 4- or 5-jointed ; marginal vein punctiform, or subobsolete............ Tribe 1V. Arrhenophagini. 


metallic: “antennse variable. t:.1..aemecece er ER eeeeters eres aie 


Tripe I. Eetromini. 
In this tribe the species are usually more elongate and narrower, the marginal 
vein proportionately longer, with the stigmal vein shorter, while the mandibles are 


1. (caw? i. a 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 293 


always narrower and bidentate. In the females the hypopygium is usually 


prominent. 
TABLE OF GENERA. 
lls TNGHREI Gs) orca gkeapetncia cco 0 SE CCIE Ons CODE PORMES OCUGE SOc RABET Ener RO AGe ra rate Heres. aor eae. 


WHBIESE a Rots ROBE ne SOMBIE CHOCO MCHC SC STS Gtr COCA GIIC TE SoS NAC ime te el Shine? At ene ree Lanny 
2. Face with a distinct carina between the base of the antenne........ 0.0 .0.c.ccceccececesceeees WD 
Face without such a carina, rarely with a rounded ridge ; antenne inserted just above the clypeus, or 
below the middle of the face. 
Wingless or Subapeerous species 2 yo. js\ujoss aaccie doe cha), 72 ok ome oe env a ave lees Been n AL 
Mn UEC) COC ena GLA ci IO CEREITE TRIE ORR SC CE SU ORDERS ER Toc as OE CROSS LOO ROE DCO SES. 
3. Front wings with the marginal vein rather long, twice as long as the stigmal vein, or even longer, always 
RATS Tero TEIN COS NTE TCIES 8 6 ag cond home Bona pq SooEee SHUN ro cod6 30 Cob SOGOU OOSuCOE DOU = 
Front wings with the marginal vein short, the postmarginal vein very short.................... 10 
4. Stigmal and postmarginal veins not short, or rarely short, the postmarginal vein most frequently 
longer thank theistip rial ay ayers. cue Valsts) ais So eis oh ste ote e Mea clacheets Ca aae Niet er eere ohanicionaerietee cae 
Stigmal and postmarginal veins short ; scape slender, cylindrical. 
Wings fuscous, marked with white bands or rays; frons broad, the lateral ocelli nearer to the 
eye margin than to the front ocellus. Calocerinus Howard (type Tetracnemus floridanus Ashm.). 
Wings hyaline ; frons not so broad, the lateral ocelli not nearer to the eye margin than to the 
front ocellus...............2.0+-+-00--.--Letralophidia Ashmead (type 7. bakeri Ashm.). 
pophiunicle(G-joinbeds wiuhOubsrin p'=| ON ts, /cra.,.o,0rs: x atsess aieratctereniars Walasiara sievera sierete racist oe rate micelle nO 
Funicle 4-jointed, with two ring-joints. 
Frons minutely shagreened, with minute punctures scattered over the surface ; scape slender, 
cylindrical, the flagellum at the most subclavate ; stigmal vein very oblique, subclayate. 
Meromyzobia Ashmead (type Hricydnus maculipennis Ashm.). 
6. Stigmal and postmarginal veins short, the latter sometimes hardly developed ; front wings with a dis- 
COL AMD OLG er ecters cachet /eeatete ele ico ora core yee niet olalc.s/c's! slp otaqeterater Near etckatealele eer mr ae iete sete elie tareieteren 
Stigmal and postmarginal veins not short, usually long, the latter the longer, sometimes as long as the 
MOAN PINAL MMO Nh, WAN eseWibhout ss CIsCOIdal LOLI: archer ie/elcie)sictem sls a's) cralcteleiebeleren)etaieiers:s eines /sraiers c 8 
7. Frons very minutely shagreened, with minute punctures scattered over the surface, or almost smooth. 
Head viewed from in front longer than wide ; scutellum with a tuft of long hairs ; abdomen 
scarcely longer than the head and thorax united, the ovipositor not or scarcely exserted ; 
flagellum gradually broadened towards apex, compressed, the pedicel hardly as long as the 
. first joint of the funicle ; the joints after the third broader than long. 
Chrysopophagus Ashmead (type C. compressicornis Ashm.). 
Head viewed from in front not longer than wide, if anything a little wider than long ; scutellum 
without a tuft of long hairs ; abdomen distinctly longer than the head and thorax united, with 
a prominent ovipositor which is longer than half the length of the abdomen ; flagellum sub- 
clavate, not compressed, the funicle joints longer than thick.,.....Tineophoctonus Ashmead 
(type Phwenodescus armatus Ashm.). 
Frons minutely shagreened, with minute punctures scattered over the surface ; scape not compressedly 


8. Frons regularly punctate, or broad and smooth, margaritaceously shining... ............... 


dilated beneath, either cylindrical or subeylindrical. 
Antenne not longer than the body, usually somewhat shorter, the first joint of the flagellum 
rarely more than twice as long as thick ; stigmal vein not curved ; axillee just meet at inner 


basal angles ..................+......mricydnus Walker (type Encyrtus longicornis Dalm.). 


294 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


10. 


jal 


13. 


14, 


Antenne longer than the body, the first joint of the flagellum about five times as long as thick ; 
stigmal vein gently curved ; axillee unite and form a slight ridge at base of scutellum. 
Leptomastix Forster (type L. histrio Mayr). 


. Frons regularly punctate ; scape beneath broadly compressedly dilated, the flagellum long, filiform, 


cylindrical ; scutellum triangular, acute at apex, the axillee separated...........Dinocarsis Forster 
(type Encyrtus hemipterus Dalm.). 
Frons broad and smooth, margaritaceously shining, or at the most feebly shagreened ; scape long, 
slender, the flagellum long, subcylindrical, feebly compressed, the first joint the longest, somewhat 
more than twice as long as thick ; scutellum bifoveate at base. ................Ecetroma Westwood 
(type Eupelmus rufus Dalm.). 
Frons finely shagreened or alutaceous, subopaque; lateral ocelli close to the eye margin; scape 
usually broadly compressedly dilated beneath, the flagellum slender, cylindrical; axillee not quite 
meeting at inner basal angles; front wings with a hairless line extending obliquely inward from the 
stigmal vein. ...........ceeeeeee cece esse ssseseeess., Anagyrus Howard (type A. greenii How.). 
Frons narrow, almost smooth ; lateral ocelli close to the eye margin ; scape broadly dilated beneath, 
the flagellum compressed, fusiform, as seen from the side ; axilla meet at inner basal angle. 
Anusia Forster (type Ectroma fulvescens Westw.). 
Frons regularly punctate, coriaceous or shagreened, with distinct scattered punctures over the sur- 


Frons smooth, margaritaceously shining, or at the most microscopically shagreened....---....2.. 18 


. Scutellum triangular, acute at apex ; scape dilated and compressed beneath.......Dinocarsis Forster. 


Scutellum subtriangular, rounded, not acute at apex ; scape slender, cylindrical or at most subclavate. 

Flagellum filiform or subclavate, not compressed ; axillee touching each other at base of scutellum. 

Funicle 4-jointed, with 2 ring-joints ; ocelli normal, the lateral close to the eye margin, 

but not touchingat.. ).2 5. +e). . cena ssea s+ eeleee sj MeO zobia AshMERi. 

Funicle 6-jointed, with no ring-joint ; ocelli very minute, the lateral lying close to the eye 

TTUAT OM re tevelon ct ait crsucie a nacre taraloe ete crenslas atatatoucial soa ata Melotetatate ate Lets ...Bricydnus Walker. 

Flagellum compressed ; axillee separated, not touching each other at base of scutellum ; lateral 
ocelli not close to the eye margin ; ovipositor exserted, the hypopygium very prominent. 


Henicopygus Ashmead (type H. subapterus Ashm.). 
Scutellum subtriangular ; head transverse. 


Seutellum: without fovers .1/,\5..ccchas uceee e-toc: esiotleenaide minle nie ore else le: tener 
Seutellum bifoyeate at base. 
Scape and flagellum not at all compressed, cylindrical.......... . Ectroma.Westwood. 
Seutellum normal ; scape broadly dilated beneath, the flagellum compressed, fusiform. 
_ Anusia Forster. 
Scutellum lunate ; head seen from above subquadrate, wider than the thorax, the lateral ocelli rather 
close to the eye margin; thorax with a silvery pubescence...........-.++4-++000e Beocharis Mayr 


(type B. pascuorum Mayr). 


PRtrons NOt BrOAGS wien so.c ve Rhee eee Tee He oo ped lave htc «cE Cee ite een 


Frons broad, sublenticular, the occipital margin acute. 

Front wings with the postmarginal and stigmal veins rather long, equal, not or scarcely shorter 
than the marginal; clypeus excised at apex; antennze long, filiform, somewhat distant at 
base, the pedicel shorter than the first joint of the funicle.......... . Stenoterys Thomson 

(type S. orbitalis Thoms.). 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 295 


Front wings with the marginal and postmarginal veins very short, the latter scarcely developed, 
the marginal vein almost punctiform ; clypeus normal ; antennze long, cylindrical, subclavate, 
the scape slender, the pedicel twice as long as the first joint of funicle. 

Tetracnemoidea Howard (type 7. australiensis How.). 
16. Axillee united at the inner basal angles, or at least touching each other..............0+0+0002+- 17 
Axillee widely separated at inner basal angles ; postmarginal vein not developed. 

Eyes rounded; antennz inserted far anteriorly below an imaginary line drawn from the base of 

the eyeS..... 0... cece ee eee eeseees- Letracnemus Westwood (type 7. diversicornis Westw.). 
Mem UY Coy DATA OD DUDER CONE Ss sani seiner ateltere cietee eer seisiat tie cl ered Sie aiel oiclinra @ichi sc) vie ajsvelcnacelsie,fowe) sich isha thaceres BO 
Eyes pubescent. 

Marginal vein a little shorter than the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein at least as long as the 
stigmal vein ; flagellum clavate ; the funicle joints short, wider than long. 

Habrolepoidea Howard (type H. glauca How.). 


COMRUNREN SO Ene LTT was erape arate ceete tein steantelteistevsfersiais cvehcie ters) erexsrotorm icra in elslp aveleiel diodes wacker arsiapoala eh slererelare, sae ho 

Wipes rOSCOUs a Wits wine aySEOn DANG, cteisicvetel aici terovel evauale eelislsnslorere: vtere'ciel aie oleteherasiove/aietclerehevatetdten 20) 

19. Marginal vein punctiform, not longer than thick, the postmarginal vein not deyeloped........... 22 
Marginal vein not punctiform. 

Marginal vein always longer than the stigmal vein............ 6.0. 0cev cece cece cece eeseee 20 

Marginal vein always shorter than the stigmal vein. ............c0ccce ce ceecceccccsseee OL 


20, Marginal vein about thrice as long as the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein not longer than the shaft 
of the stigmal vein, the latter short, perpendicular ; axillee just meet at their inner basal angles ; 
pronotum yery short, scarcely visible from above ; mesonotum scaly punctate, or reticulate. 

Tetralophiellus Ashmead (type 7. brevicollis Ashm.). 

Marginal vein only a little longer than the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein very short, hardly 
developed ; axillee meet at inner basal angles; pronotum not short, conical ; mesonotum smooth ; 
antennze not short, subclavate....................... Tetracladia Howard (type 7. texana How.). 

21. Marginal vein fully twice as long as thick or about half the length of the stigmal vein, the post- 

marginal vein only slightly developed; antennze clavate, the club ovate, 3-jointed, much stouter 

than the funicle, the scape more than twice as long as thick at apex; funicle joints one fourth 
longer than thick ; pronotum very short, transverse linear; mesonotum microscopically reticulate ; 
hypopygium very prominent, plowshare-shaped....................-...-Letracnemopsis Ashmead 

(type Tetracnemus westwoodii Ckll.). 

22, Antennie subclavate, the pedicel hardly longer than thick at apex, but longer than the first joint of the 
funicle ; funicle joints submoniliform ; pronotum very short ; mesonotum shagreened or scaly pune- 

TAO ccc cc cence ecsr cceecsvececsaessssss-.,.Fentacnemus Howard (type P. bucculatricis How.). 

23. Marginal vein about twice as long as thick, not longer than the stigmal, the postmarginal vein hardly 
so long ; axille not quite meeting an inner basal angles; antennze subclavate, inserted close to the 
mouth, the scape long, slender, only slightly thickened towards apex; funicle joints 1-2 subequal, 
hardly longer than thick, the following gradually increasing in thickness; eyes very large ; frons 
narrow ; mesonotum smooth, metallic, a little shorter than the scutellum, the latter opaque, 
shagreened ; abdomen ovate, shorter than the thorax, depressed....... .Habrolepopteryx Ashmead 

(type Psilophrys pulchripennis Ashm.). 


Oh 1D EPOCH TTS (CoN OLED cols Jaci ee Regina 1A ED OCI EISOROI ERC CIOOIOIG DADOIDE. CO OU -OnO SoMa DIN OU pUnOInere: 2 
NSIS UGA CAI LO RPE Tete ate foto eee Tate stctsin\ie/s elarois) eels) cBiormea elisie Slajanis = a'sieersuisanwelepldulcsca na asiae TOO 
Ap TA EMIVES © AIT OSE Otte As OC ARIGIGS ans yay fete, oy oh-sce) aca) cWdieve a cvviei crease lalafetelolp leleiavelerers avis sls.e\nis.clcie, ois co/sivie. cia sO 


Antenne simple, without branches, the scape and flagellum sometimes dilated or compressed ...... 27 


296 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


“ 


27 


28. 


3l. 


33. 


36. 


37. 


26. 


- Winged forms?) . actinides ee eeaor ie eeeeters 


Marginal vein rather long, the stigmal and postmarginal veins short. 
Wings with fuscous rays; lataral ocelli nearer to the eye margin than to the front ocellus; 
axille meeting at base of scutellum .................+0+++e+e0e0+--Calocerinus Howard. 
Wings hyaline ; lateral ocelli not nearer to the eye margin than to the front ocellus ; axillee not 
quite meeting at base of the scutellum........................... Tetralophidea Ashmead. 
Wingless or subapterous fonmsic 2 ci. cocci e cece oe Co mae ele oe elettneis seit aston a ee eo oe eee 
Front wings with the marginal vein linear, longer than the stigmal, the postmarginal vein rather short, 
hardly so long as the stigmal or clearly shorter, the stigmal vein bent so as to be nearly parallel 
Front wings with the marginal vein usually shorter, the stigmal and postmarginal veins short, or the 
stigmal vein is longer than the marginal and postmargiual veins united, or if with the marginal vein 
long or somewhat long, the stigmal and postmarginal veins are not short, the stigmal vein not bent 


s0\a8 to be nearly parallell withithe/marpinglin. Ss. naccesense ss sees esas ce ee ae caine seine ase eee 


. Frons and scutellum finely coriaceous, the thorax metallic or submetallic, with silvery hairs ; flagellum 


filiform, the joints subequal, at least three times as long as thick, with long, sparse hairs. 
Chrysopophagus Ashmead. 


29. Marginal vein long or somewhat long, the stigmal and postmarginal veins not short.............. 80 


Marginal vein usually shorter, the stigmal and postmarginal veins short, or the stigmal vein fonses 


than the short marginal and postmarginal veins united... 2.0.65... 20. ene cece cece esr ense ces OF 


. Frons minutely shagreened, with some minute punctures scattered over the surface ............. 31 


Frons broad, smooth, margaritaceously shining, impunctate ....... 06.6... ee eee eee eee ee eee OO 
Antenne 11 -jointed,, withi a 6-jomled. tomicle ree eiayere’s..|eleistatesetonectelaleicileleta eter aas kei eta ee 
Antenne 9-jointed, with a 4-jointed funicle. .....................+..+.+.....Meromyzobia Ashmead. 


. Antennze not longer than the body, the joints of the flagellum closely united and clothed with a short, 


dense: pubescence o.ei0 25 tae ate oak erin ation aale ee RE EER ee Ene ee TCU CN HS mUVaniers 
Antennze much longer than the body, the joints of the flagellum subpeduneculate and each joint fur- 
nished with two whorls of long hairs. ............2.0+e++eceee cesses eeee-- eptomastix Férster. 
Antenne long, filiform, 9-jointed, feebly compressed...........................bctroma Westwood. 


; Marginaltyein:slender, not/stoutb,, Sacre. stoiaccien «raraievsschs [one sat ates yen aie sneyereyauiclaier slat stele terersiet aie tereterehet o> 


Marginal vein rather short and stout, the stigmal and postmarginal veins very short. 
Scape usually broadly dilated below, the flagellum slender, cylindrical... ...Anagyrus Howard. 


. Stigmal vein long; scape long, dilated and compressed beneath, the flagellum filiform, clothed with a 


short dense pile ; seutellum triangular, acute at apex; body shagreened.........Dinocarsis Forster. 
Stigmal vein short ; scape broadly compressedly dilated beneath, the flagellum compressed, fusiform, 
broadest towards the middle and gradually tapering off towards apex..............Anusia Forster. 
Scrubellum un ate: st. 65 aisteyerwrevinte hetero Oectel stevens cue ste rala tel sare atouare) acc ite ahah Acie ta cece ame NS eS 
Scutellum triangular or subtriangular, never lunate. 
Hronsg smooth, shining, some whabmridescents sts /-ciste's ine eiel- chee acts tee cetera st sneleiaist otra aie a 
Frons shagreened or feebly punctate. 
Scape and flagellum normal, the latter clothed with a short, dense pile. 
‘ Ericydnus Walker. 
Scutellum bifoveate at base ; scape and flagellum not at all compressed, cylindrical. 
Ectroma Westwood. 
Scutellum not foveate at base ; scape broadly dilated beneath, the flagellum compressed, fusiform. 
Anusia Forster. 


38. 


39. 


40. 


41. 


44, 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 297 


Frons convex, finely coriaceous ; scape rather short, clavate, the pedicel twice as long as thick at tip, 
lonren'thanithe first tunicle: jOmty .. <.t<.%'> ances nem hicciieas Guide des’ ales oss --DeOCHArS Mayr, 
LPS eh) Dos le COR cont Sei ein Macao Oi aC eer trae ceo aMGc Ste RECs cei Cerner Pree er 
Frons broad ; axillee united at inner basal angles. 
Antenne long, fusiform, without branches, and inserted rather high up on the face, the flagel- 
lum clothed with sparse black DUG eee Sees sets trtas Stee esata yas PUCROLEEVS..LbOmson. 
Antenne with 4 branches, a branch on joints 1 to 4 of funicle......Tetracnemoidea Ashmead. 
Axillz united or touching each other at their inner basal angles ; antennie either simple or ramose 41 
Axillze either widely separated or at least not touching each other at their inner basal angles. 
Antenne with 4 branches... .... 2.22.00. cece cece access csecceseeess Letracnemus Westwood. 
AY Es DANE; MUP MPUDESCEN te sain taa ee ay ear aha ttre cele tyadan a ne sete aie datomciciaw ns seen ee nae 
Eyes pubescent. 
Marginal vein a little shorter than the stigmal, the postmarginal vein at least as long as the 
stigmal vein, flagellum hairy, without branches..................... Habrolepoidea Howard. 


PLDLCUN SO WIL [70ec ON 2 DEANCHES. foe Scie s, res cicie aici cough re ae nOn) Soke n evela cuales See sini Aleka the resciielotete ,stelol=t a ote ee 


Antenne with four long branches. 
Marginal vein not thrice as long as the stigmal vein; postmarginal vein very short or not de- 
Marginal vein about thrice as long as the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein short ; pronotum 
MELY SHON Saye malas mises eISo os Soe cn a eae ea rem ares oe Ronee ae ae GuraLop Della wAshmend 


- Marginal vein only a little longer than the stigmal ; pronotum not short, conical, at least as long as 


DRO; MESO MOCUTN eee etc een soe ae oie Rie oes asso bao om TA AE at ache denies at RO UrACL AGIA FELOWArG. 
Marginal vein only about thrice as long as thick or about half the length of the stigmal ; pronotum 
VERY SHOU Ap eee ak ee Pe de os aii ce oid lec eres AO ee oat oo ee CbLACHOMODSIS Ashmead. 
Marginal vein punctiform, not half the length of the stigmal, the postmarginal wanting. 
Pentacnemus Howard. 
Tre Il. Hneyrtini. 


The species falling in this tribe are broad and robust, the mandibles being broad 


and stout, truncate at apex, and edentate or nearly ; the labrum is conspicuous ; the 


antenne are very similar in both sexes; the marginal vein in the front wings is 


short, the stigmal and postmarginal veins being usually long; in the hind wings 


the marginal cell is long and broad, while the hind tibize have two apical spurs. 


118 


2. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 

Metathorax with the lateral ridge bare ; spurs of hind tibize nearly equal... .......... cee ee ee ee eee 2 
Metathorax with the lateral ridge or at least the metapleura clothed with a silvery white pubescence ; 
ehremoeirsprreiiinl ait (eles AeA deo cance dain RAN CACORGorHcn ac UeeyscbIdn “MOCGnicono irons. 
Frons broad with a sparse, thimble-like punctuation, thicker towards the scrobes ; stigmal and post- 
marginal veins long, nearly equal in length and three or more times longer than the marginal ; apical 

half or more of front wings usually infumated ; scape long and slender, 
Scutellum with a tuft of long hairs towards apex ; first joint of the flagellum hardly so long as 
the second ................-2-+e+e+++-+++.- Bncyrtus Latreille (type Chrysis infidus Rossi). 
Scutellum without a tuft of long hairs ; first joint of the flagellum a little longer than the second. 
Howardiella Dalla Torre (type Bothriothorax peckhami Ashm.). 


298 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


3. Frons not broad, nearly smooth, opaque or minutely shagreened, or with only a few minute punctures ; 
stigmal and postmarginal veins unequal, the latter only slightly developed, the marginal vein very 
short, nearly punctiform ; front wings hyaline but with a discoidal cloud. .........Prionomastix Mayr 

(type Encyrtus morio Dalman). 
TriBE IIT. Merini. 

In this tribe fall the vast majority of the genera of the subfamily Hncyrtine, dis- 
tinguished from the others by the mandibles, which are somewhat differently 
shaped, and tridentate at apex. The tribe was fully discussed in the Proceedings of 
the U.S. National Museum for 1900. The table of the genera published below is 
practically the same as published in that work, except that some slight changes 
have been made to enable me to incorporate some interesting new genera unknown 


at that time. 
TABLE OF GENERA. 


fae 00) ee ee Rr nT AEP SAGAR SOO Do ob GO EOE ROM Docs ho Samoa cased adoaaute 2 
Males? teri 5s hed cdibeos sta: Cictasa werk hates 1c Boole Ate eee ae ee OS ae eS ore ic een te ec eee eee: 


2. Mandibles rather long, with acute teeth, the apical tooth usually the longest, rarely with the two 
apical teeth longer than the inner ; labrum conspicuous ; front very closely punctate, or finely coria- 
ceous, the thimble-like punctures absent, or the punctures smaller or more sparsely scattered ; wings 
not ornate, and usually with a very short, or a punctiform, marginal vein, the hind wings usually with 
a long costal cell that extends to the hooklets; abdomen usually more or less compressed towards 
apex, the ventral valve extending to the anus but not plowshare-shaped ; head as viewed from in 
front usually somewhat longer than wide, often much longer than wide, or subtriangular, the scrobes 
forming a Griamele ei. cscc.s sce wresas Selerevece ie ace isto ear fee Lote ole elects eno oe caste Re ete eae er ete nncnees te amet eS 

Mandibles shorter, with the teeth smaller, less acute and equal or nearly ; labrum not conspicuous ; 
frons frequently but not always with a series of large, thimble-like punctures ; wings variable, fre- 
quently ornate or dusky, although often hyaline ; scrobes usually semicircular................. 18 

3. Marginal vein punctiform, not or scarcely longer than thick (very rarely twice as long as thick), the 
postmarginal vein not at all or only slightly developed, very rarely as long as the stigmal vein ; stig- 
mal vein is rather long, always more than twice the length of the marginal, or much longer; body 
mieballicior lustrous) \-ietec verte sine eieroe eo tres othe eteiet sles lets eae evereieterte stay ac ei feaes eile ch = ek Seen ental teen 

Marginal vein not punctiform, at least twice as long as thick, but usually much longer, the postmar- 
ginal vein longer than the stigmal vein, ....... 5 (icy evEuave elle Polohcletele sor lol ore aa ledlerarvetallSoutece bey ei-ore eres Tents one pmLet 

4. Head viewed from in front long, subtriangular, much longer than wide, the cheeks, or malar space, 
DONG scan. ia falas sr sta roe lost are Te Ne ee a ects okey ees 

Head viewed from in front not or scarcely longer than wide, the cheeks, or malar space, not especially 

5. Front. Wings with a marginal tringes 2% ac rece a inaye oretoe is hee Fac aia OEE Ee ee EEG 

Front wings without a marginal fringe. 
Antenne very long and slender, the flagellar joints all very long, cylindical, the sixth being at 
least four times as long as thick, the preceding still longer..................Psilophrys Mayr 
(type Encyrtus longicornis Walk.). 
6. Pedicel fully three times or more longer than thickat apex....,. 0... ..0.0cc0cccacccesccssscvace 


Pedicel-7of three times as long asvWibieksati apexes elec eleislets la «tats ie ret mia olals'<laiatetainseyets oieneteieineteleisiere ete aU 


10. 


1a: 


12. 


13. 


14. 


15. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 299 


Flagellum very long, two or more times longer than the scape, the funicle joints all eylindrical..... 8 
Flagellum not so long, at the most not more than one anda half times the length of the scape, the 
funicle joints gradually decreasing in length, not all the joints longer than thick, some at least wider 
Gaia Th fae ak OG dope Ao Gann e OCI ROO APRIE DIC OBIE Tor IC) GMa Rear Ba? He: eo ane ICT peers 


. Antenn:e very long and slender, as in Psilophrys, the scape very long and slender; cheeks not quite 


the length of the eyes; ovipositor very long. ...,. .Parapsilophrys Howard (type P. gelechie How.). 
Antenne long and slender but shorter than in Psilophrys, about twice as long as the scape, the joints 
of the funicle long and cylindrical, the club not or only a little thicker than the last joint of the 
funicle; cheeks long................-.-...+....Liothorax Mayr (type Encyrtus glaphyra Walker). 
Flagellum at the most about one and a half times the length of the scape, the funicle joints gradually 
decreasing in length, some toward the apex transversely ; club much thickened ; obliquely truncate 
from beneath; head and mesonotum finely, closely punctate or shagreened ; frons somewhat nar- 
rowed ; eyes bare................+++++-.-- Litomastix Thomson (type Encyrtus chalconotus Dalm.). 
Flagellam short, not much longer than the scape ; the funicle joints, except the first, not longer than 
thick ; club stout, broader than the funicle ; frons broad ; eyes faintly hairy. Berecyntus Howard 
(type B. bakeri Howard). 

Cheeks as long as the eyes or nearly ; antenn rather long, the funicle joints, however, rarely more 
than twice as long as thick, gradually thickening apically ; the sixth joint never much longer than 
wide and sometimes wider than long...........Copidosoma Ratzeburg (type C. boucheanus Ratz.). 
Cheeks more than half the length of the eyes; pedicel hardly twice as long as thick ; the flagellum 
not long; the joints of the funicle, except the first, small, not longer than thick, submoniliform, but 


gradually increasing in size. ...........secesee .Prionomitus Mayr (type Encyrtus mitratus Dalm.). 


Cheeks very short, nearly obsolete ; pedicel three times as long as thick, the flagellum short, cla- 


vate, the joints of the funicle annular, wider than long, the club greatly enlarged, longer than the 
funicle ; mesonotum short, twice as wide as long, the pronotum not visible from above ; frons very 
narrow, the lateral ocelli close to the eye margin ; eyes large, rounded, pubescent. 
Archinus Howard (type A. oceupalus How.). 
Mesonotum smooth, impunctate, blue or metallic ; pedicel about thrice as long as thick, the flagellum 
long, the joints of the funicle much longer than thick, the club somewhat stouter than the funicle ; 
eyes pubescent ; scutellum, but not the axille, shagreened:...............Parencyrtus Ashmead. 
(type P. brasiliensis Ashmead). 
Mesonotum feebly, sparsely punctate, metallic blue or blue-green ; pedicel hardly twice as long as 
thick, the flagellum long and slender, joints 4-5 twice longer than thick, cylindrical, the club 
8-jointed, not thicker than the funicle; eyes large, glabrous; scutellum, as well as the axillze, 
sculptured. ..........0.2.se0e+-e0e++. +++ Cerchysius Westwood (type Encyrtus subplanus Dalm.). 
Abdomen globose, or subovate, much shorter than the thorax, compressed, clothed with a rigid white 
pubescence, the second segment usually large, smooth medially ; species sometimes apterous. 14 
Abdomen with the dorsum flat or concave, not rigidly pubescent, ............ 020 ee cece eee ee ee 16 
Pronotum not large; antenne simple, the flagellum usually long, subclavate, but not broad nor com- 
NCR oe erate rapetat etal tetaine cior ace Sin ichetat ata: sa) wets, aiuteve cre sia -velaim cute s\ohe'n'd’a ns a.ueteivininials nin toss) die hs 0's) 6/06 15 
Pronotum large, conical, longer than the mesonotum ; antennze with the scape and the flagellum 
broad, strongly compressed ; abdomen globose..... Mira Schellenberg (type M. macrocera Schell.). 
Head above rounded, seen from in front much longer than wide; frons narrow ; scape long and 
slender ; scutellum not longer than the mesonotum, coriaceous ; abdomen oyate, as long as the thorax. 


Sphzropisthus Thomsen (type S. pascuorum Thomson). 


300 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


16. 


Ae 


18. 


19 


Head seen from in front not longer than wide ; frons broad ; antennz not long, inserted on a line with 
the base of the eyes, flagellum subclavate, the funicle joints, or at least joints 3-6, wider than long ; 
scutellum large, longer than the mesonotum; front wings with a substigmal cloud ; postmarginal 
and stigmal veins long, the latter nearly parallel with the costal margin ; abdomen shorter than the 
thorax, compressed,.......................--Chestomorpha Ashmead (type C. biformis Ashmead). 

Head always distinctly lenticular, the scrobes short, the punctures frequently large, thimble-like ; hind 
wings with the costal cell usually extending to the hooklets. ............00 cece ee cece cece ee ees V7 

Head not or less distinctly lenticular; smooth, shagreened, or finely closely punctate, rarely with a 
few large punctures scattered over the surface; if with large, coarse, thimble-like punctures, the 
antenne are inserted. on the middleiofithertacels ec. simi-/- icjaie satel 6 cls\s lv « ietel= alyetsteteiciclelstiete nein arene 

Marginal vein short or punctiform, not or scarcely longer than thick ; mesonotum punctate........ 18 


Marginal,vein at least twice as long as thick, but usually much longer ; mesonotum smooth, impunctate 


Pow inh joaita i Cit Rah seone Oo ood PA Dh Che 5'6> “SSSnc hE pacanboonpOont pore ts adios diaats.o235 5° 28! 
Mesonotum with the punctuation similar to that of the head...................0.02-2-00.0-2--. 19 
Mesonotum with the punctuation unlike that of the head, the punctures less dense and the surface 

rns eto i a ie RE Rene rtacn irene Goo Co HO OO RE Se DADDODEo ad amma aang onDade O62 Zl 
Scape normal, not dilated beneath, never with a leaf-like expansion, at the most clayate.......... 20 


Scape strongly dilated beneath, or with a leaf-like expansion, the club much enlarged ; as long as or 
longer than the funicle..............200ee0e0e+++++. +. Aanasius Walker (type 42. hyettus Walk.). 


. Punctures on the head and thorax coarse and dense. 


Mesonotum very short, only half the length of the scutellum ; club of antennz as long as all the 
funicle joints united ; postmarginal vein as long as the stigmal vein..... . Chalcaspis Howard 

(type C. pergandei How.). 

Mesonotum at least as long as the secutellum ; club of antennze shorter than the funicle ; post- 
marginal vein much shorter than the stigmal,.....................Bothriothorax Ratzeburg 

(type Encyrtus clavicornis Dalm.). 

Punctures on the head and the thorax smaller and less dense; mesonotum a little longer than the 


seutellum ; funicle joints longer than thick.............Aratus Howard (type A. scutellatus How.). 


. Vertex very narrow or at least not very broad, and sparsely or very feebly punctate, never closely 


Vertex very broad, with a distinct thimble-like punctuation. 
Club of the antennze shorter than the funicle ; postmarginal and stigmal veins short, subequal. 
Pentelicus Howard (type P. aldrichii How.). 
Club of the antennze very large, longer than the funicle and the pedicel united ; postmarginal 
and the stigmal veins very long, the latter the shorter.....................Blepyrus Howard 


(type B. mexicanus How.). 


22. Vertex not very narrow, very sparsely and feebly punctate; eyes not especially large, nor nearly 


occupying the whole sides of the head; scrobes rather deep; scape slightly dilated beneath 
towards apex, the flagellum subclayate, ringed with white, the club scarcely thicker than the funi- 
cle; ocelli in an obtuse triangle, the lateral farther apart than to the front ocellus ; wings hyaline, 
subfuliginous toward base, the marginal vein punctiform, the stigmal vein longer than the short 
postmarginal and the marginal united............Hemenasius Ashmead (type H. confusus Ashm.). 
Vertex and face very narrow, feebly punctate ; eyes very large, occupying nearly the whole sides of 
the head and almost meeting on the vertex ; front ocellus placed far in advance of the lateral ocelli, 


the latter close upon the eye margin; flagellum short, clavate, the pedicel large, obconic ; first joint 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 301 


of funicle, as well as the following, transverse ; front wings with a large discal cloud beneath the 
stigmal and marginal veins, the postmarginal and the stigmal veins very long. 


Euryrhopalus Howard (type 2. schwarzi Howard). 


23. Marginal vein short, rarely much more than twice longer than thick................6.0e0eee00- 24 
Marginal vein rather long, rarely shorter than the stigmal vein. ...............000ecceeececees OO 


24. Head with some sparse thimble-like or umbilicate punctures; scutellum a little longer than the 
mesonotum ; eyes pubescent. 

Club of antennz not longer than joints 1 and 2 of funicle united, the funicle joints all longer 
than wide; marginal vein scarcely as long as the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein longer 
than the stigmal ; abdomen conic-ovate, a little longer than the head and thorax united, with 
the ovipositor subexserted, dorsum subconcave ; mandibles with the two outer teeth longer 
and more acute than the inner............Hemencyrtus Ashmead (type H. herbertii Ashm.). 

Club of antennze very large and distinctly longer than the funicle, the funicle joints all very 
short, wider than long; abdomen depressed, oval, shorter than the thorax ; mandibles with 
small, subequal teeth. .................Coccophoctonus Ashmead (type C. dactylopii Ashm.). 

25. Wings embrowned, the costal cell in hind wings narrow and short ; mesonotum scarcely as long as the 
scutellum, finely shagreened, with sparse punctures ; eyes large, bare ; flagellum ringed with white ; 
pedicel obconical, only a little longer than thick, the following joints gradually shortening, the last 
three funicle joints being not longer than wide...Phenodiscus Forster (type Encyrtus #neus Dalm.). 

Wings hyaline, the costal cell in hind wings long and narrow; mesonotum scarcely as long as the 
scutellum, finely transversely rugulose or shagreened, especially anteriorly ; eyes pubescent ; flagel- 
lum subclavate, not ringed with white ; pedicel very long, three times as long as thick, the funicle 
joints, except the first, wider than long.........Rhytidothorax Ashmead (type R. marlatti Ashm.). 


26. Antenne inserted on or a little above the middle of the face... ........ 0... 0c cece cece rece cece ees QT 
Antenne inserted near the mouth border or very far below the middle of the face................ 28 
27. Frons convex, somewhat coarsely and closely punctate ; scape not extending beyond the ocelli ; meso- 


thorax rather coarsely shagreened ; front wings with the marginal, stigmal and postmarginal veins 
long, subequal. .................+++--+++-.+-.2banaoneura Howard (type 7. ashmeadii Howard). 
Frons highly convex but smooth; scape very long, extending far beyond the ocelli; mesonotum 


smooth, polished; front wings fasciate or maculate, the marginal vein short, the postmarginal and 


stigmal veins much longer.................-.--.+-Hexacladia Ashmead (type H. smithii Howard). 
DommAritonyisa ow clipe AUR =] OLDE Ole oie ele nle etal ale doralccetielayete afet chet /afeatellaiaLctalialettptel efelle!o\ viel viciiejeis el sipyarencietsre1 2 
Amtennesuwith thetunieleis nebo OL) PalOULeG spe atels)- tots(e eee ore sinistclenelalas Sle pfeleieivich cle sicieiaie'e cea tases OD 


29. Metathorax with the pleura and the lateral ridges always clothed with a dense, silvery-white pubes- 


GENCE MUOOY TALLICR MO DUSU tere teers aia se elalereyc slelaicials saseiald (perth aft ciate viniiietel ish afe¥elciera eer stoieies.cie eee .2) OU) 
Metathorax bare, or with the lateral ridges superiorly alone pilose. .......... 0.0.00 ee cece ee ee ee BA 


30. Antennze similar in both sexes, the club strongly obliquely acuminate, conical, often white ; front 
wings most frequently with a fuscous cloud or maculate ; scape cylindrical, not at all dilated 31 
Antenne dissimilar in the sexes, the club not thicker than the funicle ; marginal and postmarginal 


veins not very short, the former usually, but not always, little the nONROratinp nica v icles rc AOS 
81. Marginal vein not punctiform, the stigmal and postmarginal veins rather long, at least twice longer 
than the marginal............................Homalotylus Mayr (type Encyrtus flaminius Dalm.). 


Marginal vein punctiform or nearly ; the stigmal vein very long, curved; the postmarginal vein en- 
tirely wanting. .........0.eceeeeceeeceeceeeee++--.- L80dromus Howard (type J. icerye Howard). 


32. Thorax without a white lunula before the tegulee ; ovipositor not exserted, or if exserted very slender 33 


302 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


33. 


34. 


35. 


36. 


37. 


39. 


Thorax with a white lunula before the tegul, rarely without; ovipositor strongly exserted, thick and 
compressed, the sheaths broad ; abdomen rather long, as seen from above conic-oyate. 
Cerchysius Westwood (type Encyrtus subplanus Dalm.). 
Frons rather narrow, the eyes large, converging above, the lateral ocelli lying close to the eye margin ; 
abdomen oyal or oyate, the ovipositor not exserted ; thorax not closely or deeply punctate ; hind 
wings with the costal cell short and narrow....... .Sceptrophorus Foérster (type S. sceptriger Forst.). 
Frons not narrow, the eyes smaller and only slightly converging above, the lateral ocelli not close to 
the eye border, distant; scrobes semicircular; abdomen ovyal-rotund, the ovipositor exserted but 
very slender ; thorax short, closely punctate, or with large, deep punctures ; hind wings with the 
costal cell broad and extending to the hooklets......................-....-.Hchthroplexis Forster 
(type Ceenocercus puncticollis Thoms.). 
Head as viewed from the side with the frons not prominent ; antennze normal or at the most with only 
the scape compressed or dilated ; wings hyaline, rarely fuscous or subfuscous with whitish transverse 
or hyaline bands, the marginal vein rarely punctiform, but rarely longer than the stigmal vein, the 
postmarginal vein most frequently developed, rarely wanting or shorter than the marginal or stigmal 
Head as viewed from the side with the frons prominent, the face inflexed; antennz frequently 
strongly compressed, dilated ; front wings usually fuscous or with fuscous rays, the marginal vein 
somewhat thick, oblong, very rarely much shorter or much longer than the stigmal vein, the post- 
marginal vein usually wanting ; ovipositor not or scarcely exserted..... 6.0.0.0. ce ee ee ee ee ee ee 48 
Marginal vein very short, punctiform, rarely longer than thick, the stigmal vein from two and one-half 
to three times longer than the marginal, the postmarginal vein wanting or short, only slightly devel- 
soanoc3 salt 
Marginal vein not short, punctiform, although rarely longer than the stigmal vein, the postmarginal 


vein most frequently well developed, rarely somewhat shorter than the marginal or stigmal veins 38 


oped, rarely well developed ; scape slender, or at most subclavate ; body metallic ...... 


Pedicel obconical, much stouter and longer than the first joint of the funicle, sometimes as long as 
joints 1 and 2 united ; frons rather narrow, the eyes as seen from in front somewhat convergent 
above ; club of antennze not especially Jarge, shorter than the funicle..................e00000- 37 

Pedicel short, scarcely longer than thick ; frons moderate, the ocelli about their width from the eye 
margin ; club of antennze large, the length of the funicle or nearly ; funicle joints short, submonili- 
form, the three or four terminal joints wider than long..................-Coccidencyrtus Ashmead 

(type Encyrtus ensiger How.). 

Lateral ocelli close to or touching the eye margin; postmarginal vein not or only slightly devel 

oped. 

Byes bare ; postmarginal vein not developed.,.................+.-.-..-. Ooencyrtus Ashmead 
(type Encyrtus clisiocampx Ashm.), 
Eyes pubescent ; postmarginal vein as long as the marginal........Ageniaspis Dahlbom (part). 


Lateral ocelli not close to the eye margin, from one and a half to twice their width from it; post- 


marginal vein somewhat developed. .....Psylleaphagus Ashmead (type Hncyrtus pachypsydx How.). 

. Species not metallic ; head and thorax opaque or subopaque, alutaceous, or closely microscopically 
punctate; or shapreened andiipunctabern cae arnere/1tete ete crelcielerolsi erie ofonets si stereteetete te oie etttiers tae aie eeemete) 
Species\metallicior submictalliey sagt rte re rs stake tate ta ee atetin oie ovo oe toabotets ate tet ote ers parate eer ene 


Postmarginal vein present. 
First joint of the funicle shorter than the pedicel, all the funicle joints being short ; marginal 


vein punctiform.............+-++++++++++-++--.Aphycus Mayr (type Mneyrtus apicalis Mayr). 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 3038 


First joint of the funicle much longer than the pedicel, cylindrical, the following gradually 
shortening, but the last is still a little longer than thick........... Heterarthrellus Howard 
(type H. australiensis How.). 
Postmarginal vein wanting ; joints increase in width, but they are not longer than wide. 
Astymachus Howard (type A. japonica How.). 
40. Thorax without a scaly pubescence, and without white lunule before the tegule................... 41 
Thorax with a scaly pubescence, and with white lunule before the tegule. 

Scape more or less dilated beneath, especially towards the apex, rarely simple, the flagellum 
ringed with white ; wings hyaline, the stigmal and postmarginal veins subequal, longer than 
the marginal........................... Blastothrix Mayr (type Encyrtus sericeus Dalm.). 

41. Scape normal, not expanded or dilated beneath, at the most subclavate ; wings hyaline .......... 42 
Seape dilated or expanded beneath, the club not especially enlarged, shorter than the funicle, the 
latter usually ringed with white, the first four joints of same longer than wide ; front wings usually 

with fuscous bands, or fuscous with hyaline bands or markings............. Microterys Thomson 

(type Encyrtus sylvius Dalm.). 

42. Thorax finely coriaceous, subopaque, without punctures scattered over the surface ; frons punctate ; 
pUsimarcinal vein loneer than the stio malic: 0.2 cj-1s arate oe alueteia diate clove) eleteioie tele die ra oPeise lorie ima ian 2S 
Thorax smooth, impunctate, or at the most microscopically reticulate, or with fine longitudinal striz 


43. Scape subclayate, the funicle 6-jointed, the joints wider than long, the club not thicker than the funicle ; 
front wings hyaline with an oblique hairless line from the marginal vein ; stigmal and postmarginal 
veins longer than the marginal ; scutellum with a delicate median grooved line at base. 

Holcencyrtus Ashmead (type Aphycus niger Ashmead.). 

44. Mesonotum smooth, impunctate, or at the most microscopically reticulate,..................... 45 

Mesonotum with fine longitudinal strix. 
Stigmal vein scarcely longer than the marginal, the postmarginal longer than the marginal and 
the stigmal veins united ; eyes pubescent ; funicle joints 2-4 not longer than thick, 
Ageniaspis Dahlbom (type Encyrtus fuscicollis Dalm.). 

45, Stigmal vein very short, not or scarcely so long as the marginal and postmarginal veins united ; axillie 

either meet at their inner basal angles or they are separated... 2.0.0.0... 0.0.02 cece ee ee ee ee ee AT 
Stigmal vein much longer than the marginal, as long or longer than the marginal and postmarginal 
veins united ; the axille do not meet at their inner basal angle............................. 46 

46. Lateral ocelli not close to the eye border; club of antennz not much enlarged, only about half the 
length of the funicle, the joints of the funicle cylindrical, much longer than wide, never moniliform ; 
abdomen conic-oyate, usually a little longer than the head and thorax united. 

Pseudencyrtus Ashmead (type Encyrtus cecidomyix How.). 

Lateral ocelli close to the eye border; club of antennze not one third the length of the funicle, the 

joints of the funicle gradually thickening to the club, wide, joints 1 to 5 a little longer than thick, 
the sixth quadrate ; abdomen short-ovate, shorter than the thorax. 

; Tachardiephagus Ashmead, gen. noy. (type 7. thoracicus Ashm.). 

47. Stigmal vein not longer than the marginal and postmarginal veins united, usually distinctly shorter 
than the marginal. 

Postmarginal vein longer than the stigmal. 
Club of antennze short, not one third the length of the funicle, funicle joints 1 to 4 short- 


ening, not longer than thick; axillee meet at base of scutellum ; head sublenticular- 


os 
oO 
= 


MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


with some sparse punctures, the lateral ocelli away from the eye border; abdomen 
ovate, flat above, not longer than the thorax. .... Tachinephagus Ashmead, gen. nov. 


(type T. zealandicus Ashm.). 
Postmarginal very short, or shorter than the stigmal. 


Club of the antennze much enlarged, usually as long or nearly as long as the funicle, or 
a little longer, and obliquely truncate from beneath, the joints of the funicle, or at least 
the first three or four joints, moniliform, or not longer than thick, the others transverse ; 
abdomen ovate, rarely longer than the head and thorax united, most frequently the 
length of the thorax or a little longer.............. .......Epiencyrtus Ashmead 

(type Encyrtus thyreodontis Ashm.). 

Club of antennz not much enlarged, nor obliquely truncate from beneath, fusiform, and 
less than half the length of the funicle, none of the funicle joints wider than long; 
abdomen short ovate, hardly as long as the thorax. ..........Syrphophagus Ashmead 

(type Encyrtus mesograptze Ashm.). 

Stigmal vein very short, scarcely so long as the marginal and postmarginal veins united, the former 
being not more than, or hardly, twice as long as thick, the postmarginal vein never well developed, 
although acuminate and longer than the short marginal; club of antennz oblong, stouter, and a 
little more than half the length of the funicle, the first two or three joints of the funicle short or 
moniliform, the following a little longer than thick, or at most with only the last two joints a little 
wider than long ; abdomen broadly oval and considerably shorter than the thorax ; scutellum vari- 


able, subopaquely sculptured or polished, impunctate, the axille not quite meeting at their inner 


basal angles,.../................. Aphidencyrtus Ashmead (type Encyrtus aphidiphagus Ashm.). 
Apterous. 


Scutellum triangular, acute at apex, not declivous; head with the scrobes deep; antennz 
simple. ..................+.......-.-... Choreia Westwood (type Encyrtus ineptus Dalm.). 
49. Head with the face much inflexed, the scrobes deep, semicircular, the frons most frequently regularly 
or very minttely, feebly punctates scieiee ec oa te cites ice mye eletste oie leba tier etarelis telat etter ree 
Head always semiglobose, the face less distinctly inflexed, the scrobes, however, always forming a 
semicircle ; antennz simple, or at least never much compressed, nor very broad, subeylindrical ; 
wings not fusco-radiate ; scutellum with a clump of hairs at apex.........-Cheiloneurus Westwood 
(type C. formosus Westw.). 
p0. Wings fuscous, usually with the extreme tips white or hyaline. ...................seeeeeeee eee OF 
Wings not so colored. 

Wings with fuscous rays, or with leopard-like spots. .... 2... 2.0.00 eee ee eee cere ceceacee OL 

Wings hyaline or at most with a discoidal cloud ; antennz short. 

Eyes large, rounded, strongly convergent above and leaying a very narrow or linear 
vertex ; antennze very short, the club enormously enlarged, longer than the funicle 
and several times thicker, the joints of the funicle transverse. ,,.,., Zaomma Ashmead 

(type Encyrtus argentipes How.). 

Eyes not unusually large, only slightly converging above, the vertex not especially 
narrow ; club of antennze not unusually enlarged and about the length of the funicle, 
the joints of the funicle transverse, the first two or three submoniliform. 

Adelencyrtus Ashmead (type Encyrtus chionaspidis How.). 
51. Wings with leopard-like spots; antennze very long and slender, longer than the body, the club en- 
larged..............eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee--. Callipteroma Motschulsky (type C. 5-signatus Motsch.). 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 305 


Wings with fuscous rays. 
Head oblong ; antenni strongly compressed, broad ; occipital margin and the scutellum normal, 
Cerapterocerus Westwood (type C. mirabilis Westw.). 
Head not oblong ; antennee neither strongly compressed nor broad ; occipital margin medially 
and superiorly, with two strong clavate hairs; scutellum at apex with one or two clumps 
of hairs; marginal vein more than twice as long as thick. 
Funicle 6-jointed, the joints wider than long, the club not especially large. 
Habrolepis Forster (type Lncyrtus dalmani Westw.). 
Funicle 4-jointed, the joints fully twice as long as thick, or a little longer, the club very 
large, fusiform, nearly as long as the funicle and much stouter, 
Homalopoda Howard (type H. cristata How.). 
92. Marginal vein shorter than the stigma] or no longer. .2.: 2... 006660 veve cece cucecececrcecceccee OD 
Marginal vein longer than the stigmal; facial impression not bounded by a distinet arched carina 
Delis srchee OO 


Be scitellom withent a tott of black bristles near apex... .....0.20..0es00 oc acivvedes doeceevecvscee,. DE 


SUPOLIONY 7-8 .seese tole se Saran cile croeres cis Wer sjanele Sinise se) wis tale) ee ME Stele! « 


Scutellum with a tuft of black bristles near apex. 

Head with a series of moderately large punctures ; axillze very narrow, transversely wedge- 
shaped, with the points just meeting at base of the secutellum; antenn compressed, the 
scape wide........................,..Eusemion Dahlbom (type Encyrtus corniger Haliday). 

Head microscopically punctate ; axillze with their points not quite meeting ; antenniz strongly 
clavate, subcompressed, the scape subclavate, the club very large, many times larger than 
the funicle, the joints of the latter transverse, linear.......,...Blatticida Ashmead, g. nov. 

(type B. pulchra Ashm.). 

54. Head smooth, shining, with very fine, sparse punctures ; ocelli in an acute triangle ; axillee united at 

base of the scutellum.........................-.+... Atropates Howard (type A. collinsi How.). 

55. Facial impression not bounded by an arched carina superiorly ...............00eeeceeeeeeeeee. DT 
Facial impression and scrobes deep, bounded by a distinct arched carina superiorly. 

scntellomseorhoute ah iusto bristles sr.cc. 0c 8 eeleslucha 4 ootalelo sinc anim eee oa eee DG 

Scutellum with a tuft of bristles. 

Stigmal and postmarginal veins very long..................Chrysoplatycerus Ashmead 
(type Rileya splendens How.). 
56. Marginal and postmarginal veins subequal, the stigmal a little the longer; eyes naked; ocelli in an 
acute triangle; funicle not longer than the first joint of the elub........ eee Asteropeus Howard 
(type A. primus How.). 
Marginal longer, the stigmal and postmarginal veins not long; eyes pubescent ; joints of the funicle 
all short and rapidly widening from the narrow pedicel, the club longer than the funicle, obliquely 
truncate from beneath towards apex ; tarsi short and somewhat thickened.......Anicetus Howard 
(type A. ceylonensis How.). 
57. Scutellum normal ; eyes pubescent ; antennze short, the scape somewhat broadly dilated toward apex ; 
the flagellum strongly incrassated, scarcely longer than the scape, the very large club longer than 
the funicle, the joints of funicle annular; marginal vein punctiform, the stigmal and postmarginal 
veins very long as in Encyrtus..................+..Zarhopalus Ashmead (type Z. sheldoni Ashm.). 
58. Antenne 10-jointed, the funicle 5-jointed. 
Seape linear, wholly received in the scrobes; marginal yein punctiform., .. .. Metallon Walker 
(type M. acacallis Walk.). 


306 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Antenne 9-jointed, the funicle 4-jointed ................ Cercobelus Walker (type C. jugzus Walk.). 

Antenne 6-jointed, the funicle 3-jointed......................Coccobius Ratzeburg (type unknown.) 

59. Mandibles with the teeth shorter, less acute ; labrum not conspicuous ; frons punctate and frequently 

with a series of large, thimble-like punctures; wings often ornate, sometimes wanting or ab- 

L020 10-0 eek Ieee SCD AAT FA Gaon ocr oGnInd GAD OOMACeAd Go ca boAOcpatG CaaccomSnoueean vaD 

Mandibles rather long, with acute teeth, the apical one usually larger and more acute than the other 

two; labrum conspicuous ; frons very closely punctate or shagreened, the large punctures wanting ; 

front wings not ornate, usually with a punctiform or very short marginal vein, the hind wings 

usually with a long costal cell, which extends to the hooklets; head, as seen from in front, rather 
narrow and long, subtriangular, the scrobes forming a triangle. 


Postmarginal vein wanting or hardly developed, the marginal vein very short, punctiform. 60 


Postmarginal vein distinct, longer than the stigmal vein..................+2+eeeeeceeeees 64 

60. Head, viewed from in front, much longer than wide, the cheeks long ..............-20eeeeeeee. O61 
Head, viewed from in front, not longer than wide, the cheeks not long...............22e+-0+++2- 63 

61) Brontwings) tte marezinalicilias <.1ccs oureusters cn ore otneiets aleletaranttete steietectsichete erencte tere aoneronnte eae ee IE! 


Front wings without marginal cilia. 
Antennze very long and slender, the flagellar joints all very long, the sixth the shortest, but 
five times:as: longias Wides< ccc cress nelectes asieiiss ai eel cies setae ce ree Ee SLLODETYS ViaLyE: 
62. Pedicel three or more times longer than thick at apex, the flagellum with long hairs. 

Funicle joints about four times as long as thick, cylindrical; mesonotum and scutellum 
shiagreened siesta ae sone facet noes eee ee ee a eee GLAD SHOUL TV Am ELO Nae 
Funicle joints less than thrice as long as thick ; mesonotum reticulate........Liothorax Mayr. 

Pedicel not three times as long as thick, the flagellum clothed with long hairs. 
Copidosoma Ratzeburg. 


63. Cheeks about half the length of the eyes ; funicle joints 1-5 triangularly toothed, with long hairs. 
Prionomitus Mayr. 
Cheeks very short ; eyes large, rounded, pubescent ; pedicel thrice as long as thick. 
Archinus Howard. 
64, Mesonotum lustrous, smooth, blue or metallic. 

Pedicel about thrice as long as thick, the flagellum filiform or subfiliform, with a short, sparse 
pubescence, the funicle joint from two and a half to three times as long as thick ; the first 
joint very long, four or more times longer than thick ; eyes pubescent ; postmarginal vein 
VET lONG saa verge. 5 mciaveldarecs BoA clas wakeartie ne Seles DORR aE, aes ls mare EE ACH CYT DUS eA Shincscl em 

65. Abdomen with the dorsum flat or concave, not rigidly pubescent. .......... 0.0200 0e cece cece eee 66 
Abdomen subglobose or subovate, clothed with a rigid white pubescence. 

Pronotum large, conical; antennz strongly compressed, broad; wings wanting or poorly de- 

oped, not extending to middle of abdomen, ...................+.+++...-.. Mira Schellenberg. 
Pronotum not large ; antennz simple, neither compressed nor broad. 

Head, seen from in front, much longer than wide; marginal vein not short; antenne long, 

the flagellum subclayate, clothed with a soft, dense pubescence. Spheropisthus Thomson. 

Head, seen from in front, not longer than wide; marginal vein very short, the postmargi- 

nal vein longer than the stigmal ; flagellum filiform, the joints nearly thrice as long as thick. 

Chestomorpha Ashmead. 

66. Head not or less distinctly lenticular, opaque, minutely, closely punctate, shagreened, or smooth and 


shining, at the most with only a few large punctures.. ............000+000cncevecececeessecess 10 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 307 


Head transversely broad, always lenticular, the scrobes short, the punctures large, thimble-like ; hind 
wings with the costal cell usually extending to the hooklets. 
Marginal vein rarely short, at least longer than thick, and usually much longer ; mesonotum 
smooth; impunctate,or’at: Most Shag reened..... 01. .siaw sees ye 0c rae ee eee ve sciccneciss a cna OS 
Marginal vein very short, punctiform, not or scarcely longer than thick ; mesonotum punctate. 
Mesonotum with the punctuation unlike that of the head, the punctures less dense and 
the surface finely coriaceous ; postmarginal and stigmal veins short, subequal...... 67 
Mesonotum with the punctuation similar to that of the head ; postmarginal vein very short 
or subobsolete (rarely long), the stigmal vein long. 

Scape normal, without a leaf-like expansion beneath. 

Punctures on head and thorax coarse and dense. 

Mesonotum very short, only about half the length of the scutellum ; post- 
marginal vein usually as long as the stigmal; flagellum long, with long 
sparse hairs, not arranged in half whorls..........Chaleaspis Howard. 

Mesonotum at least as long as the seutellum or very nearly ; postmarginal 
vein much shorter than the stigmal ; flagellum with funicle joints sub- 
excised at apex, with half whorls of long hairs. 

Bothriothorax Ratzeburg. 
Punctures on head and thorax small and less dense ; mesonotum a little 
longer than the scutellum..................++.+------.-Aratus Howard. 
67. Vertex and face broad, finely shagreened, and sparsely punctate ; scrobes deep, semicircular. 
Pedicel obconical, longer than thick at apex, the flagellum subclayate, the joints, after the first, 
Wider fhanilOn gay fetid css cores oso 2 oe nalidase sia miei nee meen eee CHUCHICHS FRO Ward. 
Pedicel very minute, the flagellum filiform, pilose, the joints subequate, about two and one half 
mimes ap long asithiGKk=/.0cc 42/cn sais «sSivaut sales a srae Sere onaneleies aver eels EICDY LES LLowarde 
Vertex and face very narrow, or not broad. 
Head with coarse thimble-like punctures, the thorax smooth, impunctate ; flagellum short, 
thick, filiform, clothed with a dense short pubescence, the joints wider than long. 
finasius Walker. 
Head smooth without coarse thimble-like punctures, at the most with some sparse punctures 
on the vertex ; flagellum long, subclavate, not thick and only sparsely pubescent. 
Euryrhopalus Howard. 
68. Marginal vein rather long, rarely shorter than the stigmal. .............. 2.00 ee secs cscecscecees 69 
Marginal vein rarely more than twice as long as thick ; head with rather sparse, scattered, umbilicate 
punctures, the scutellum a little longer than the mesonotum. 
Head not wider than the thorax between the wings; flagellum not short, filiform, and clothed 
with rather short sparse hairs, the funicle joints longer than wide, the first a little the longest. 
Hemencyrtus Ashmead. 
Head wider than the thorax between the wings; flagellum short, strongly clavate, as in the 
female ; the club large and longer than the funicle, the joints of the latter minute, annular. 
Coccophoctonus Ashmead. 
69. Mesonotum as long as the scutellum or nearly, rarely somewhat shorter, the surface finely shagreened, 
at most with some feebly defined sparse punctures ; marginal vein shorter than the stigmal, the lat- 
ter not very short; flagellum filiform, pilose, the funicle joints about twice as long as thick; eyes 
PSSA soe eS ee aOR ee ean ais a oe siete ern ctnne Winnie Shag eelants\ EO OCIBCUA SONetery 


308 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Mesonotum much shorter than the scutellum, finely delicately shagreened or rugulose, especially ante- 
riorly ; marginal vein a little longer than the stigmal; flagellum subclavate, densely pubescent, the 
funicle joints 2-6 not longer than thick, if anything a little wider than long ; eyes pubescent. 

Rhytidothorax Ashmead. 
70. Antenne inserted near the mouth border or far below the middle of the face.................... 71 

Antenne inserted on or a little above the middle of the face. 

Frons subconvex, somewhat coarsely and closely punctate ; thorax rather coarsely shagreened 
or finely rugulose ; scape not extending beyond ocelli; front wings with the marginal, post- 
marginal and stigmal veins long, subequal..................+..+.+-.-banaoneura Howard. 

Frons highly convex, smooth and polished, as is also the thorax; scape long, extending far 
beyond the ocelli; front wings with the marginal, postmarginal and stigmal veins rather 
short, the marginal thickened with a fuscous cloud or band beneath ; flagellum with six long 
branches: 2.6 Sages. cel. Sincisehgee = eos ae toes Pee sia tie Pekan a lap Ann eas 

71. Antenns withthe funicle:2=/3-.4- orib-joibed 222s ic eecieys eles oheraetensloks eusielsvetare) tates ints eter aeyten ie Llerneet 

Antenne with the funicle 6-jointed (in a single case 2 jointed). 

Metathorax bare, or with the lateral ridges superiorly alone pilose. ..............-.+++++- 75 

Metathorax with the pleura and the lateral ridges always clothed with a dense silvery pubes- 
cence bodysrather robust:,.. 025, «ccsesasocis sieecis ole cis eleistete cee bie cee oriole Heer eee! 

72. Antenne unlike those of the female, filiform, pilose, or with whorls of hairs, or the funicle joints den- 
tate or subpedunculate, with whorls or fascicles of hairs. ...........0.00 00 : th CONE 

Antenne similar to those of the female, filiform or at most subclayate, the club conical, strongly 
obliquely truncate from beneath, often white, the scape cylindrical, not at all dilated ; front wings 
usually with a discoidal fuscous cloud or macula, 

Marginal vein not punctiform, although short, the stigmal and postmarginal veins long, very 
much longer than the marginal..............0.00e0eee+ee+++0e+s-.---Homalotylus Mayr. 

Marginal vein punctiform, the stigmal vein long, the postmarginal vein not developed or 

........lsodromus Howard. 


73. Marginal and postmarginal veins not very short, the former usually a little longer than the stigmal, 


WAMU AH 5 sheers carb atsieyn east ae ere Raine ein otots Ot i DEI eee 


rarely somewhat shorter. 
Thorax without white lunuls before the teoulse.. 0... uc). ce oc econ a rnve ne aon ae ves seen aioe he 
Thorax, with white lunulz, or at least a dot, before the tegule.,....... Cerchysius Westwood. 
74. Hind wings, with the costal cell short and narrow. 

Antenne long; the flagellum long, cylindrical, clothed with long, sparse hairs; the funicle 

Joints Lon gre a7.) om o1-fareie) ss le ete -/2) 22) eee eeee eee eae MCE RECOM NOMS BHOraLe rs 

Hind wings with the costal cell broad and extending as far as the hooklets. .. . Echthroplexis Forster. 

75. Head with the frons prominent, the face inflexed; antennze frequently compressed, dilated, broad ; 

front wings usually with fuscous rays or fuscous with white tips, more rarely hyaline ; sometimes 

apterous or subapterous ; marginal vein usually somewhat thickened, oblong, very rarely much longer 

or much shorter than the stigmal, the postmarginal frequently wanting........................ 88 

Head, as seen from the side, with the frons not prominent; wings most frequently hyaline, although 
sometimes with transverse fuscous bands or fuscous with white bands. 

Marginal vein not short, punctiform, but rarely longer than the stigmal, always more than 
twice longer than thick, the postmarginal most frequently well developed, rarely somewhat 
shorter‘than the marginal’. « 2):.0/22 c's cere a-\tia oe wie sie cee douto stole © eicnere, co elcle marek renee maT 

Marginal vein very short, punctiform, rarely longer than thick, the stigmal from two and a half 


to three times or more longer than the marginal; the postmarginal wanting or very short, 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 309 


not well developed, scape slender or at most subclavate, never dilated ; frons usually rather 
narrow, the eyes, as seen from in front, slightly converging above. 
Scape slender, or at most subclavate ; frons rather narrow ..............20e0e0e00. 76 

Scape and flagellum abnormally compressed and broad, the funicle joints 1 to 4 wider 
than long.......................Mirocerus Ashmead, n. g. (type M. peyele Ashm.). 

76. Flagellum with the hairs on the funicle joints not arranged in half whorls. 
Lateral ocelli touching the eye margin ; flagellum with long hairs. 

Eyes bare; postmarginal vein not developed or so slightly developed as not to be con- 
BUG a pe see ee a pe olay sees ares ete nYoie icles stehatein le Taste nels sein OOLLCVE DUS) ASHmcad: 

Eyes pubescent ; postmarginal vein as long as the marginal..Ageniaspis Dahlbom (part). 

Lateral ocelli not close to the eye margin ; postmarginal vein somewhat developed; flagellum 
filiform, with a short pubescence. ..............0.-2eeeeeeee eee ESyllephagus Ashmead. 
Flagellum with the hairs on the funicle joints arranged in half whorls... ...Coccidencyrtus Ashmead. 
MempeclensMeLallic-Or Aub INebALC es pere cre eee ee ere Moet eet eee ee eane iene eae ersaies ar eeeeeenene “LS 
Species not metallic ; head and thorax opaque or subopaque, alutaceous, closely microscopically punc- 
tate or shagreened, and pubescent. 
Postmarginal vein present. 

Pedical longer than the first joint of funicle ; flagellum clothed with hairs, the funicle 
joints, except the first two or three joints, not or scarcely longer than thick. 

Aphycus Mayr. 

Pedicel very short; flagellum elongate, the club only slightly enlarged, the funicle joints 
elongate, cylindrical, and clothed with sparse, long hairs... .Heterarthrellus Howard. 

Postmarginal vein wanting. 

Pedicel as long as the first funicle joint ; flagellum subelavate, the club not quite so long 
as funicle joints 4-6 united, first joint of funicle the longest, the following gradually 
shortening, clothed with a short, rather dense pubescence......Astymachus Howard. 

78. Thorax without a scaly pubescence, and without white lunulie before the tegulee.................. 79 
Thorax with a scaly pubescence, and with white lunuli before the tegulz. 

Flagellum elongate, the funicle joints long, excised or subexcised at apex with whorls of long 

Geer ioe ae ee on apeiron eee era eee ne sie a eee DISKO UTES Maer: 


79. Scape normal, not expanded or dilated beneath, at the most subclavate ; wings hyaline .......... 80 


hairs. 


Seape usually dilated or expanded beneath, or at least with a carina, rarely simple, unlike the female ; 
wings fuscous or subfuscous, with transverse hyaline bands, rarely hyaline. 
Thorax smooth but microscopically coriaceous, with sparse punctures scattered over the surface ; 
frons with a series of punctures, especially on the orbits...............Microterys Thomson. 
80. Thorax finely coriaceous, subopaque, without punctures scattered over the surface ; frons punctate ; 
seutellum with a delicate impressed median line ; wings pubescent, with an oblique hairless line 
from base of stigmal vein ; flagellum subfiliform, clothed with a short, dense pubescence, the funicle 
joints a little wider-than long.............0cecece cece cece eeeeceeeeees + Holcencyrtus Ashmead. 
Thorax smooth, impunctate, or at the most microscopically reticulate, or with fine longitudinal striz 
on the mesonotum. 
Mesonotum smooth, impunctate, or at the most microscopically reticulate................. 81 
Mesonotum with fine longitudinal striz. 
Stigmal vein scarcely longer than the marginal, the postmarginal vein longer than the 


marginal and stigmal veins united ; eyes pubescent.............Ageniaspis Dahlbom. 


310 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


81. Stigmal vein very short, not or scarcely so long as the marginal and postmarginal veins united ; axillz 

meet at their inner: basal angles! x cisic oe sosealelae/euersiciseats caste) el everals Tale ais aie aot eet eRe Ree 

Stigmal vein much longer than the marginal, as long or longer than the marginal and postmaginal 
veins united ; axillze do not quite meet at their inner basal angles. 

Antenne with the scape rather short and stout, not reaching to the front ocelli, the flagellum 
elongate filiform, clothed with sparse moderately long hairs, the funicle joints about thrice as 
long: as thick, Or Meany jen. ence See ei cee eee . .Pseudencyrtus Ashmead. 

Antenne with the scape inks slender, reaching to or havond the fecnd ocellus, the flagellum elon- 
gate filiform, the funicle joints more than twice longer than wide, with long sparse hairs ; scutel- 


lum shagreened or striate... ........-.2.0se¢c0+ee00+s+0.....-Microterys Thomson (part). 
82. Stigmal vein not longer than the marginal and postmarginal veins united, usually distinctly shorter, 
the postmarginal very short, or shorter than the stigmal...................Epiencyrtus Ashmead. 


Antenne with the scape short, not extending beyond the middle of the face, the flagellum fili- 
form, sparsely pilose, the funicle joints about two and a half times as long as thick ; lateral 
ocelli about or nearly twice their width from the eye margin.......Syrphophagus Ashmead. 

Stigmal vein very short, not so long as the marginal and postmaginal united, the former being not more 
than or hardly twice as long as thick, the postmarginal never well developed, although acuminate 
and longer than the short marginal. 

Flagellum filiform, pilose, the joints of funicle about twice as long as thick ; lateral ocelli 


at least their width from eye margin............................Aphidencyrtus Ashmead. 

83- Seutellum neither tmanpnlar nor acute ab apex asses tiae ates ee ete ee cee eee cE Mo 
Scutellum triangular, acute at apex. 

Antenne simple, subfiliform, pubescent................--++-+++-+--.+..-Choreia Westwood. 

84:5 RuniclelG=jointedii 29. fee cys ctr oe eerie eee occ ie af aee oie marse electra ema RAT ec el 

Funicle 2-jointed, the club unusually long and cylindrical (teste Mayr)...... _Hanepben Forster. 


85. Head with vertex antero-posteriorly broad, the face much inflexed, the frons uatinae punctate ; an- 

tennze with the scape and flagellum usually strongly compressed, broad ; wings fuscous or with fus- 

Head always semiglobose, the face less distinctly inflexed, the scrobes always forming a semicircle ; 

antennz simple, filiform, the joints long, cylindrical, distinctly separated and hairy, rarely slightly 
compressed ; wings usually fusco-radiate or partly fuscous, rarely entirely hyaline. 

Scape elongate, extending to or beyond the front ocellus, the flagellum very long, clothed 

with tather long hairs:.'5 2. 2c ses serce naa one ree rete oo ae nce CROLUREIIMIS a esuNOOds 

86.) Wings fuscous, with narrow white tips: 6 i)s..c.c sce oe sisin celine clesie ene wie ei cle oretevela avis al siaieiel et sie seremee 

Wings hyaline, the marginal vein rather long, stout, as long as the stigmal vein, the latter not short, 

the postmarginal not developed ; antenni long, filiform, the flagellum with sparse moderately long 

hairs ; funicle joints 1-6 constricted at apex or subpedunculate, somewhat similar to the male in 

Cerapterocerus Westwood. 


1 OTT) eRe PER ACE GAAP NS Eee Gd Geel aon Btre Oar tog He ape nOCK Ia 

Si7- Marpinal vein shorter than’ the stigmalcriarycrsetee ies aysiclaeitetelol = cia cial ol ht ale reed atte eee 
Marginal vein longer than the stigma]. 

Facial impression net bounded by a distinct carina superiorly............ Busemion Dahlbom. 


88. Facial impression and scrobes deep, bounded by a high carina superiorly. 
Scutellum with a tuft of bristles ; stigmal and postmarginal veins very long. 
Chrysoplatycerus Ashmead. 
Scutellum without a tuft of bristles ; stigmal and postmarginal veins not long. Anicetus Howard. 


Facial impression not bounded by a carina superiorly ........................ Zarhopalus Ashmead. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES Sil 


89. Autennx 10-jointed, with a 5-jointed fumicle. ............... 0000 ee eeeeee esses. Metallon Walker. 
Antenne 9 jointed, the funicle 4-jointed...............0ce cece cece cece eeeees es -Corcobelus Walker. 
Antenne 6-jointed, the funicle 8-jointed............ 00.0 ce esse ee ee cece sss. Coccobius Ratzeburg. 


Antenne 5-jointed, the funicle 2-jointed, the club unusually long and cylindrical. , ..Habrolepis Forster. 


Tree LV. Arrhenophagini. 
In this tribe the mandibles are acutely pointed, or conical, and edentate ; tarsi 
4 or 5-jointed, while the marginal vein, in the front wings, is wanting or puncti- 
form, the postmarginal vein being absent. The stigmal vein is sometimes present. 
TABLE OF GENERA. 
MATS] OUNCE Gcncrveletac sie, Soho fae, share orale ee Wia io wl aroha anicter/acaceter evaymieristartete locals yA avelalchauvie cele (sletore call ccemersiaierare hare © Sie eeet 
Tarsi 5-jointed. 

Front wings with the marginal vein punctiform, the postmarginal wanting, the stigmal vein 
rather short and curved; @ with 10-jointed antennie, the funicle 5-jointed, joints 1-3 small, 
wider than long ; ovipositor exserted........Rhopoideus Howard (type R. citrinus How.). 

2. Front wings with the marginal and stigmal veins wanting, the subcostal vein not quite attaining the 


costal edge and ending in a stigma; 2 with 3-jointed antennz, ¢ with 9-jointed antenne. 
Arrhenophagus Aurivillius (type A. chionaspidis Auriy.). 


SupFAMILy III. SranreHorinz#. 
1894. Signiphorinz, Subfamily, Howard, Ins. Life, VI., p. 234. 
1897. Signiphorine, Subfamily III., Ashmead, Proce. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 
248. 

This subfamily was established by Dr. L. O. Howard, in 1894, and was based 
upon my genus Signiphora, described in 1880, from specimens bred in Florida from 
the purple scale, Aspidiotus citricola Packard. Many species have since been dis- 
covered from different parts of the world, and the group, although at present rep- 
resented by a single genus, has evidently a wide distribution. The species destroy 
seale insects, Coccidx, and the mealy-winged flies, Alewrodide. 

Antenne apparently 3-jointed but in reality 6-jointed, there being 3 minute ring-joints easily overlooked ; 
wings with a long marginal fringe, the marginal vein long, about the length of the subcostal vein, the 
stigmal vein distinct but not long, the postmarginal vein absent; middle tibise with a large, lobed 


apical spur, and with lateral spurs or strong bristles. 
Signiphora Ashmead (type S. flavopalliata Ashm.). 


Famity LXIX. PTEROMALID. 
1835. Pteromalidie, Family (partim), Walker, Ent. Mag., IT., p. 286. 
1840. Pteromalides, Subfamily 3 (partim), Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Insect, IT., 
p- 166; Synop., p. 67. 
1846. Spalangiidee, Family 7 (partim), Walker, List. Chale. Brit. Museum, I., p. 28. 
1846. Pteromalidee, Family 8 (partim), Walker, opus cit., p. 28. 


vile MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


1856. Ormoceroide, Family XV. (partim), Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., p. 59. 
1856. Pteromaloidee, Familie 16 (partim), Férster, opus cit., pp. 19, 25 and 63. 
1875. Pteromalina Tribus (partim), Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. 12 and 217. 
1886. Pteromaline, Subfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amer., [., p. 198. 
1897. Pteromalide, Family LXIX., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 
246. 

This is the largest and most difficult family to classify of all of the families of the 
superfamily Chalcidoidea. It comes nearest to the family Miscogasteridxe, and is 
separated from it by a single character 


the tibial spurs of the hind legs. In this 
family the hind tibize have one apical spur, in the Miscogasteridex two. 

Six subfamilies have been recognized, and these are again divided into tribes. 
The subfamilies may be recognized by the aid of the following table: 


TABLE OF SUBFAMILIES. 


1s Abdomen sessile: or subsessile.) 2 52) 2.22 2.sisi to seeleelorsis, = er moe ae eiae etn Seno see ee ee: 
Abdomen, distinctly petiolate:ccs:.. sc 42 adie sarn ste slo savelcreeme olen ae siheysie eo ere ea eae ee 
2. Metanotum without spiracular sulci and usually without lateral folds.................0e0seeseeeeee B 


Metanotum with spiracular sulci, always present, the lateral folds also present although sometimes incom- 
plete, the median carina usually more or less distinct, rarely absent ; antennz 12 to 13-jointed. 

Subfamily I. PreRoMALINA. 

3. Head normal, not especially wide ; antennz 12 to 13-jointed ; scutellum of normal size ; hind angles of 

mietanotim TOUNGEM . 6 cese.s,c1nya:e 1a sie ote cre. mizteio craves eter atenlede eile meretartnemaetets = oie LL Dd ITT Eliya ean TSN Ae 

Head very wide, much wider than the thorax, lenticular; antennz 6 to 10-jointed, inserted near the 

mouth border ; scutellum large; hind angles of metanotum acute........ Subfamily II. Eunorin 2. 

_ 4. Front wings with the marginal vein very long, the costal cell very narrow ; head transverse, convex 

AMEETIOLY 5 «: sasci5: 2 i a5. 5, aie larele wa wai fe ia. oe 2 ah Ble rdio site ere aloache area eyatereee ae ne ue Sea ea eT oo 

Front wings with the marginal vein not especially long, often short and thick, the costal cell rarely nar- 


row ; if very narrow the head is oblong ; apterous forms not uncommon ..................2++... 5 


on 


. Head viewed from in front short or rounded, the occipital line incomplete ; antennz 9 to 13-jointed. 
Subfamily IV. SPHEGIGASTERINZ. 
Head viewed from in front oblong, the occipital line complete ; antennz 8 to 12-jointed. 
Subfamily V. SpALANGUNA. 
6. Mesonotum rather long ; head in front convex; antennee 13-jointed, the scape long, reaching beyond 
The OEM sa os. vee aie sh nb eae ne a wre leche ceaterale Crete era Cen oale te ok ERA ATOM te avo RSIS SOLID fet 1007 Lavan Vd a A eT 


SuBFAMILY I. PTEROMALIN”®. 
1897. Pteromaline, Subfamily II., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 
236. 
1900. Pteromaline, Subfamily II., Ashmead, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, XXIII., p. 
248. 
The sessile, not distinctly petiolate, abdomen separates this group from the Sphe- 
gigasterine, Spalangiine and the Diparinex, while the shape of the head, scutellum, 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 3138 


metathorax and the greater number of joints in the antennz readily separate it from 
the Hunotine. 


Large subfamilies, I think, should be separated into tribes, in order to facilitate 


quicker the recognition of genera and to show better their affinities. 


I have, therefore, recognized four tribes, based upon the number of teeth in the 


mandibles. 


is 


D} 


TABLE OF TRIBES. 

BOUT MMa GU PlEs eo ae CEM bALC = ues awe cc cfepey separa Pe tae Se ce Veiewevn rath even ro cra ateateis) SPeUea roe oon Sesteusta aia Biche) bus foe 
Boua Mandi bles s-0Cntane™... 5 rdeisnieae a ate ccna ae ee apantea ead Acdece n aoe lobo Metaponint: 

Left mandible 3-dentate, the right 4-dentate. 
Antenne inserted on or near the middle of the face, always above an imaginary line drawn 
POM THEIUSE OL GREY ES aces (eier eo sis-slas jets e eeles en weiss SLEDGE, Rapbitelini, 
Antenne inserted far below the middle of the face, on or below an imaginary line drawn from 
ENO DASE TORGUNG OVES 2a cores erst an ole recs ete oe crepe cline Aan ona RIGID TENE. | MMUbeLID I: 


Ponhamanarh les; d= Gentate s-ic.s cic acsyate or Morel esa wae send sicidni cass Gino ater tess cee LELNeLuVe. .eteromalini. 


Trise I. Metaponini. 


The three dentate mandibles distinguish the tribe. All of the species, so far as 


the records go, with a single exception, are parasites of coleopterous larvee. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


2. Head triangular, narrowed tewards the mouth, eyes large, rounded, convex ; presternum large, meso- 


6. 


sternal furrow distinct ; metathoracic spiracles rounded, remote from the postseutellum ........ 3 
Head not triangular, viewed from in front, more rounded, very slightly wider than long; eyes ob- 
long-oval or oval; presternum not large; mesosternal furrow not distinct; vertex broad; meta- 
THOLACC SpITACLES 10 GOUNG ES crreesclaret-y ae iriancis Che sis share tae omieamiane rare tata ayaa clarsieteresere ti aitarcipenvstarers <i (O 


RSV ELEEKANO b ACUNSIIMEMIALI Metso ctecs eet mis ioe elstste rorete arte ose mele vaisvalstateUacotslatefentlara nitrekalmiumchei sap eienerecvisr wala scele, oe 


Vertex broad, acute medially, the frons impressed. 
Abdomen conically pointed........................ Etroxys Westwood (BE. scenicus Westw.). 
First joint of funicle large, fully twice as long as thick. 
Holeeus Thomson (type Ltroxys dichrous Dalm.). 
First joint of funicle small, not or hardly 1} times as long as thick. 
Cricellius Thomson (type C. decipiens Thoms. ). 
(OibThavornicemaqrerepaeeceroTe yy Pei) Ae Be eo Grattan Sr onis ary Coin O> CR OOIIAOU AO SO GONG. Ck rDOIG OTe UOTE Oop 
Club of antenne white or yellowish. 

Metathorax short, with a small subglobose neck, punctate, the spiracles small, rounded ; head 
transverse, wider than the thorax ; antennze inserted near the middle of the face, the flagel- 
lum subfiliform, the first joint of the funicle the largest. 

Chrysoglyphe Ashmead (type C. apicalis Ashm.). 
Antenne much thickened toward apex, clavate........... PG Mer Me ROE § Pes ir Otro B11) 


i 
‘ 


Antenne not much thickened toward apex, filiform or at most subclavate .. 0.0.2... 0.0. ee ee eee ee 


314 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


7. Hind cox:e not small, the posterior margin at base hairy ; abdomen not rotund.. ................. 8 
Hind coxie small, subovate, the posterior margin at base not hairy ; abdomen rotund ; head large, 
wider than the thorax........................Dirhicnus Thomson (type D. subewruleus Thoms.). 

8. Antenne with three ring-JOmts.<). osc js aries «sisi cielo itis sis srepslaisis /e cic) aia isleqaielinte aisiornies iatae's teaeraieteraete ee 


Antenne with (wo ring-joints. 

Collar not distinctly separated ; flagellum filiform, the pedicel obconical, shorter than the first 
joint of the funicle ; metathorax not short, punctate, with a median carina, the spiracles oval ; 
abdomen elongate, longer than the thorax ....Stinoplus Thomson (type E. militaris Thoms.). 

Collar narrowed medially ; flagellum filiform, the pedicel small, a little longer than thick ; meta- 
thorax without a median carina, the spiracle oval ; abdomen elongate, pointed toward apex, 
and longer than the head and thorax. .......Spintherus Thomson (type S. obscurus Thoms.). 

9 Pronotum as wide as the mesonotum, distinctly separated, and with the anterior margin acute ; meta- 
thorax short, punctate, with a small globose neck and without a median or transverse carina, the 
spiracles subreniform ; flagellum subfiliform, hardly thickened towards apex; abdomen oyate, 
hardly longer than the thorax ; marginal vein not longer than the stigmal vein. 

Bruchobius Ashmead, g. noy. (type B. laticeps Ashm.). 
Pronotum narrower than the mesonotum, the anterior margin not acute ; metathorax with a subglo- 
bose neck, punctate, and with usually median and transverse carinz or at least with one or the 
other present, the spiracles oval or ellipsoidal, not reniform ; flagellum filiform or subfiliform. 
Metanotum with a transverse carina near the base, the median carina wholly absent; mar- 
ginal vein long, a little more than twice the length of the stigmal vein. 
Lophocomodia Ashmead (type L. americana Ashm.). 
Metanotum with transverse and median carinze present ; marginal vein not long, not or hardly 
longer than the stigmal vein, .......2.2...0+-0+ce+ceeree+oe+ee+-ee-- s- F SilOcera. Walker. 
= Eupsilocera Westwood = Dichalysis Forster (type P. obscura Walk.). 
10. Flagellum with three ring-joints ; scutellum normal ; metathorax with the median and transverse car- 
inz usually present although sometimes the transverse fold is vaguely defined or absent, the spiracle 
oval ; abdomen subcompressed beneath toward apex, the hypopygium prominent. 
Metapon Walker (type M. atrum Walker). 
Flagellum with two ring-joints ; scutellum hardly elevated and produced into a blunt conical spine 
posteriorly ; metathorax with median and transverse carinze present, the spiracles large, elongate 
oval ; abdomen compressed, the hypopygium prominent, plowshare-shaped. 
Acanthometapon Ashmead, g. noy. (type A. clavicornis Ashm.). 
11. Head triangular, narrowed towards the mouth ; eyes large, rounded, or oblong-oval, convex ; prester- 
num large; mesosternal furrows distinct ; metathoracic spiracles rounded, remote from the post- 
ae pellet ce eile 
Head not triangular, viewed from in front more rounded, usually very slightly wider than long; eyes 


oblong-oval or oval; presternum not large; mesosternal furrow not distinct ; vertex broad ; meta- 

thoracic spiracles mot rounded )s..\. hos). es onesie, cereale aisle teieretst selciee irs ee te eketavetenaie oe penitent tern 

12. Vertex not: acute: medially’. 5: ie sic. cisyote ise kccrcrancionere cloneie cloveousiors elec sole oiaus aveseu cote behaienc tele eke eet et ee eames 
Vertex broad, acute medially ; antennie long, the flagellum filiform, the funicle joints long. 

Etroxys Westwood. 


13. Antenne subclayate ; metathoracic spiracles small, round.......................Holezus Thomson. 
Antenne filiform ; metathoracie spiracles oval, or not round....................€ricellius Thomson. 
Lt Tip of antennss notiwhite 22... s1).19 15 - tatsoorstepatcisie eaters eiacleels sitetsiaktere iy creer LO 


Tip of.antenns Whites :..../ociic oo casos oe cata i ta ion ears cis esiee enyer sae CLV SORELY DUG rasp Inet. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 315 


15. Hind cox not small, the hind margin towards base hairy ...... 2.2... 0.0. ec ee eect ee ee ee ee ee ee 16 
Hind coxie small, the hind margin not hairy.................2.-00+e0+++++...-Dirhicnus Thomson. 
MD PAULbEH Tse wat hniteoN ning =|OUD tien ister aaee teers rs acalot oe tia are) wast # elceetah ciel clea ay sitet ete wisi wivielei ois) sieials saree (= UE 
Atri Hema seFyO ALL 14 7°C6 WAN P| OLINUS acho vie Saitek ieicts (ciate cic)s wiane’s iis are ova nia eiehenec!afebelislol=)eia'ola\em wit c\e/alele wlolel ciel HO 
17. Scutellum posteriorly highly elevated and produced into a spine......... Acanthometapon Ashmead. 
Scutellum normal, not spined. 
Collar not distinctly separated... 1.0.2.2... 0. eee eee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ess. Stinoplus Thomson. 
Collar narrowed medially. .......... 00202 sceess ce eee ee cece esas ess wpintherus Thomson. 
18. Pronotum not broad, narrower than the mesonotum.. ............ 0. cece cece cece cece ce seesceese LY 
Pronotum broad, as wide as the mesonotum. ..................-...+.+..+.... Bruchobius Ashmead. 
19. Flagellum filiform, the joints cylindrical, those of the funicle very briefly pedicellate, hairy but not 
SVERIGE eutotn res 4a wae Ne erie wie e Neng er cat ialcle isc Aear. juih Coat ateye ister era nee Sek aretenialaeete ols ietacuae ea waree Tee 
Flagellum filiform, the joints of the funicle nodose-verticillate. 
Metanotum without a median carina ; marginal vein more than twice the length of the stigmal 
peti eh ee ee ie See bare ton, Nb one © Aaa oot bar bophocomodia Aghmend. 
Metanotum with a median carina ; marginal vein not or only a little longer than the stigmal 
WOria cs tet oe cote outa otis cea ORAS: bebe eae nara Meare eee ati oes BLUES Wy BLEED. 
20. Metathorax with the median and transverse carinz usually present, the spiracles oval. 
Metapon Walker. 


Trise I]. Rhaphitelini. 

In this tribe the left mandible is 3-dentate, the right 4-dentate, as in the tribe 
Eutelini, from which it is, however, easily distinguished by the insertion of the an- 
tennze ; these are inserted on or near the middle of the face, and not low down, near 
the mouth border, as in the Hutelini. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 
VEAL GSS Soe scras stare a tava ovate ernie reeset alts ahve SYS aronaro te nes nla taye ious oy Teh ater aw Sic wales mbecoherereveuiats sicvorgere sate steretetsra? CLE 
P= Eront tremors COUSICELAD] y BwOllenin. i Nome seiscaye tae aisha ata /akeiet aeicrercieierel era (oiatsiashelsy ateletasherouste sreerayeateiO 
Front femora normal. 
3. Metathorax with a median carina and with the lateral folds complete, rarely abbreviated, the spiracles 


small, rounded or broadly oval, and lying close to the postscutellar fold. 


Marrinalcvermiim cron biwwil Pd LAICKeneda.- -c eeiaeio tion seieie.s ie eieioneraveisianis tie mise cis] gelnicae/eiaysa/eince c= 
Mareinalvein in front wines mOLmal., sen Gers... sis ss sniesi ae ee aisiricinie cee viele vionieieisie/ m=! cer< el 
4, Antenne with ring-joints small, transverse or annular... ...........0 000 e ee cece ee ee cere ee ee ee es O 


Antenne with the ring-joints large, not transvuise. 
Front cox:e cylindrical ; knob of stigmal club obsolete ................-..-..Pandelus Forster 
(type Cleonymus flavipes Forst.). 
BreMetanctum sit) folds ane Median CANINE) aieicts/atlisy <lerdiel © eialdielcteiaie sieve. «/a] os vie. o1s!nie)= Waimea see's «0 

Metanotum smooth, without folds. 

Stigmal and postmarginal veins short ; abdomen conic-ovate, keeled beneath ; last joint of an- 
tenn normal..............++.+++-++++-- Metacolus Forster (type M. wnifasciatus Forst.). 
6. Stigmal vein longer than the marginal ; last joint of the antennz stylate ; abdomen ovate, depressed, 
not keeled beneath................++++ee+++.++..Bhaphiteles Walker (type R. maculatus Walk.). 


316 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


of 


10. 


16, 


iby 


; Stigmal, vein ending in a large knobs ane yeti eure ial eleicictes cieies ie ciel 1s See eee eee ae 


Stigmal club, or knob, small; front margin of pronotum rounded ; metanotum with a median carina, 
the lateral folds usually wanting or incomplete... ......0cc00; 0250 0sdecseresseicceececsssessus D 
Stigmal club very large ; front margin of pronotum sharp; metanotum with the lateral folds usually 
Complete. ..........ccce cece ee cessesseseseceseaes.+. Dinotus Forster (type D. bidentulus Forst.). 
Marginal vein at least thrice as long as the stigmal vein ; clypeus anteriorly bidentate ; metathorax 
impunctate, with a median carina............ Rhopalicus Férster (type Cleonymus maculifer Forst.). 


. Clypeus at apex unarmed, either truncate, sinuate or incised..............20cecececscecececese 10 


Clypeus at apex armed with a median tooth. “ 
Thorax long, the pronotum with the front margin acute, laterally dilated, the metathorax with 


short folds. . . .......Stenomalus Thomson (type S. crassicornis Thoms.). 


Stigmal vein ending in a small or median sized knob or club... .... 2.2.2... sc cess cccscossuceees LI 
Stigmal vein ending in a large knob or club. 
Metathorax short and usually with a transverse carina ; clypeus incised at apex medially ; 
mesepisternum extending ta the coxee...... Cecidostiba Thomson (type C. rugifrons Thoms.). 
Metathorax not short, usually with a fold and often also with a transverse carina; head and 
thorax usually with rigid pubescence........C@znacis Thomson (type C. grandiclava Thoms.). 
First joint of the flagellum always longer than the pedicel, or of an equal length... .. . stoja feersiereletelare, weer 
First joint of the flagellum always shorter than ithe pedicelie: 2oco.s-. cr se selenite eae 13 
Pronotum broad, the upper front margin rounded; scutellum with a cross-furrow before apex ; 
abdomen conic-oyate, the second segment usually the largest, the third very short, segments 4-7 
more than twice longer than the third, subequal, or very slightly increasing in length ; marginal vein 
usually a little thicker at base than at apex..Habrocytus Thomson (type Pleromalus albipennis Walk.). 
Pedicel as long as the ring-joints and the first two joints of the funicle united ; metathorax produced 
into a subglobose neck, the lateral folds distinct, the spiracles Jarge, subreniform ; abdomen ovate. 
Mormoniella Ashmead, g. noy. (type M. brevicornis Ashm.). 
Rrontitemora ‘considerably swollen jc asics ceteris pectelal-saet (cleat seen ter ene ae oie eae ae een eel em 


Frontfémora Normals oF ycéc ace educa seine wee eioieue Sie sole ale eee” a SATO Oe Ee ETC 


5. Marginal vein infront wines Ciickemed g. 5501 joorescicre tye cree olelelejegs cis viel eevee oo eneln ale ete eee ea 


Marpinal véin in front:wings slender. 20°. a. <( ot «jn oletsictaiatael ey cisueisisis'- vices a Sel si dete ole ele erkedeeneL) 
Antenne: with the ring-jomts small, annul ars... einek ieeteeiaiael rsa ieie mit eee icine eee eee eee 
Antenne with the ring-joints large, not annular. ................2-+-+-+++-+-+---.bandelus Forster. 
Metanotum smooth, without folds ; stigmal and postmarginal veins short.......... Metacolus Forster. 
Metanotum with folds and a median carina; stigmal vein longer than the marginal. 


Rhaphiteles Walker. 


., Sbipmal club: or knob:small, oA.) <i avs aciern siel sie elena suotersisealeaieyeve eh prea (overe's evap ccolisteltoys Gre le eeette uate me 


Stigma! club very large ; front margin of pronotum acute .........................Dinotus Forster. 


Marginal vein very long; clypeus anteriorly bidentate..........................Rhopalicus Forster. 


20. Clypeus at apex unarmed, truncate, sinuate or incised.................+2+:- Str Bae weal 


Clypeus at apex armed with a median tooth. ..:...............+0++eee2--+.-.Qtenomalus Thomson. 
22 


Stigmal vein ending in a-small or moderate sized club... 225.2. «or. os os nc seas seen eee eo 


2. Clypeus at apex incised medially ; metathorax short and usually with a transverse carina. 


Cecidostiba Thomson. 
Clypeus not incised ; metathorax not short, usually with a fold and often also with a transverse carina ; 


head and thorax usually with rigid bristles. ....................2++++e+-++-.-Ceenacis Thomson. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES eu | 


23. Pronotum broad, the front margin acute; metathoracic spiracles oval or oblong; first joint of the 
funicle always longer than the pedicel... ..............0.+.000+++00+++++.-Habrocytus Thomson. 
Pronotum not broad, the front margin not acute ; first joint of the funicle much shorter than the pedi- 
el ete cee ae laisse ANG re sans s, Sapa SNe fe nee cae hea aticte lees ss MEOLMONIeL a: Ashmead. 


Tribe Ill. Hutelini. 

In its mandibular characters this tribe agrees with the Rhaphitelini, and is easily 
confused with the latter; but the antenne are inserted differently, always low down 
on the face, usually close to the clypeus, on or below an imaginary line drawn from 
the base of the eyes. 

The species falling in this group differ also in habits since they attack dipterous 
gall-makers, Cecidomycide, ete. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


to 


Jigopl Vay ne tT (ale tate ee ps in QChe SERED SERCO Oe TOLER ROR ROCIO ECan On cit SoC CIICRC OTIC AOTC OC cbr OD G 


pe Wetaih ores era CistinChl AteraALtOLOS:. \erceiatame async) eieleis, «i a/rtain «iets olleusts ctw) hala) xiotidielasclelol elvis .e) siege aieielnys 


i | 


bo 


Metathorax without lateral folds. 
Marginal vein not or only a little longer than the stigmal vein ; metathorax long ; first joint of 
the flagellum short. 

Antenne inserted on an imaginary line drawn from the base of the eyes; abdomen not 
compressed, the ventral valve normal. Amblymerus Walker (type A. dubius Walk.). 
Antenne inserted just above the clypeus, below such an imaginary line ; abdomen com- 
pressed, the ventral valve prominent..... Psilonotus Walker (type P. adamas Walk.). 
3. Thorax short ; head with a rather narrow vertex, the ocelli arranged in a very short obtuse angle. . 4 
Thorax long ; head with a broad vertex ; ocelli large, in a triangle ; pronotum with the front margin 
4. Marginal vein about twice as long as the stigmal vein... ....Eutelus Walker (type E. vulgaris Walk.). 

Marginal vein not nearly twice as long as the stigmal vein. 
Platymesopus Westwood (type P. tibialis Westw.). 


Abdomentovates Shorter th awhile: WHOLARS 2.1 praveisvsclefoisicle slates lode weve eyeie ainenieie eteivicle sacle s alison ciate oie 10 


CH 


Abdomen long, conically produced, triangularly compressed or carinate beneath. 
Marginal vein hardly twice as long as the stigmal vein. 
Platyterma Walker (type P. nobile Walk.). 
Marginal vein nearly thrice as long as the stigmal vein. 
Mesopolobus Westwood (type M. fasciiventris Westw.). 
6. Marginal vein hardly longer than the stigmal vein; antenne rather short, the flagellum subclavate, 
the pedicel long’, obconical, the funicle joints wider than long; metathorax not short, with a me- 
dian carina, the spiracles oval................Nasonia Ashmead, g. nov. (type N. brevicornis Ashm.). 
7. Thorax short ; head with rather a narrow vertex ; ocelli arranged in a very obtuse angle.......... 8 
Thorax long ; head with a broad vertex ; ocelli large, arranged in a triangle. ..........-.02+ +0002 9 
8. Marginal vein about twice as long as the stigmal vein ; middle tibiee normal........, Eutelus Walker. 
Marginal vein not nearly twice as long as the stigmal vein ; middle tibise broadly dilated. 
Platymesopus Westwood. 


318 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


9. Marginal vein short, hardly longer than the stigmal vein. ...........0.00ecceeccsccscceevecesss LO 
Marginal vein from about twice to thrice as long as the stigmal vein. 
Marginal vein about twice as long as the stigmal vein ; middle tibizee normal. 
Platyterma Walker. 
Marginal vein nearly thrice as long as the stigmal vein ; middle tibize with a small hirsute lobe 
outwardly near the tip . 2... .c2eces ce cece ne ctise re cose cess oes AeSOpOlOpUS Westwood. 
10;. Metathoracic'spivacles: Ovals ssn Acce ste nieere po eel ciete ayers ere oth nacre ovels Wa cnc ae ane SOMATA SIN OD Ge 


Tripe LV. Pteromalint. 
To this tribe belong all species having both mandibles 4-dentate. It is a large 
tribe, with many genera and species, and some are of world-wide distribution. 
Pieromalus puparum L. is the commonest and best known of all Chalcidoids, and 
is found in every hemisphere; it attacks various lepidopterous insects, Pieris rape, 
the cabbage butterfly, being especially subject to its attacks. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 
d DS) yoy 1 (=: Sn ae tices Ao ee a a VA ee bi Ne SE es i omaciccdy osuacobona ceca A 


Mal GS* 8 Ran Sin? ann eae 30 


bo 


Occipital foraminal,depressionimmargined.yace cee eee eter ne el tee ieee ere rete ner en 

Occipital foraminal depression margined or rimmed. 
Metathorax produced into a subglobose neck at apex, the median carina and lateral folds 

usually present. 
Antenne with 3 ring=joimts:,.22)20. 5, aae.ec Sa eohe we cde cele eet otek eee cicero ae 
Antenne with) 2'rine=jOmMtbSs.. 00.0 5eistere cis create aa Voereteee oA eee eve Dinos eats ere ea a 
3. Abdomen with the second segment large, the last segment produced into a long, slender, compressed 
stylus resembling an ovipositor. 
Metathorax produced into a subglobose neck, punctate and tricarinate, the spiracles small, ob- 
long ; metopleural ridge fringed with white hairs. 

Belonura Ashmead (type B. singularis Ashm.). 
Hyves} bare::antenns filiformion subtlayateweren saree ere ce eater nate ae eee oad 


4. Eyes hairy ; antenne clavate, incrassate.........2....<.css+-c+ccse ce 


5. Abdomen oyate or rotund, the second segment small or never occupying more than half the whole 

Abdomen ovate, the second segment very large, occupying most of the surface, the third very 

small.. .................... Lsocyrtus Walker (type I. latus Walk. ? = breviventris Walk.). 

6. Abdomen ovate, the second segment occupying at most not more than half the surface, the third not 

small, two or more times longer than the fourth ; tibize with rigid bristles; wings sometimes macu- 
late, the postmarginal vein always longer than the stigmal. 

Urolepis Walker = Halizoa Forster (type Ormocerus maritimus Walk.). 

Abdomen rotund; wings immaculate, the postmarginal vein not longer than the stigmal, usually 

somewhat shorter,....................Trichoglenes Thomson (type Pleromalus complanatus Ratz.). 


. Abdomen ovate, the second segment occupying not more than one third the surface, the sides more or 


~I 


less fimbriate ; funicle joints 4-6 a little wider than long, the club subulate. 


Trichomalus Thomson (type 7. punctinucha Thoms.). 


10. 


ile 


12. 


13. 


16. 


ige 


18. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 319 


. Metathorax produced at apex into a subglobose neck ; postmarginal vein always longer than the 


Metathorax not produced into a subglobose neck at apex, rarely with a small neck ; postmarginal 


vein very rarely longer than the stigmal, most frequently shorter, or of an equal length........ 21 


. Pedicel always distinctly longer than the first funicle joint, more rarely of an equal length ; the first 


joint of funicle usually the shortest of the funicle joints ; metathoracic spiracles small, round, oval, 
LONE OVAL OLTCLIDUGAe pres nk mye ee «io eeees ee a eine Ath ee tle Gale ane Che ioc nl Aten ane etic LO 
Pedicel usually shorter than the first joint of the funicle, never longer; the first joint of the funicle 


usually the longest of the funicle joints; metathoracie spiracles large, oblong-oval or elliptical. 18 


AMI TENT GS WAU FO) PINS =“JOUNES sw aia c. ine syn cictle’ar tne) sree, n atels/= oiaiesohclshisiaicia @ealn sie ele thee lsleadie, aisiicisieie 7s tefeliae LO 
PATEECHIMES SLULL Che? CE INE -FOUOLE- 0 on ate {aici tates oie & sisi S.ceselieis ce pis cyeeiaras Besse e's e/fiscpm/ait\e miansinisca/erm sin Sete snares Le 
Metathoracie spiracles oblong-oval, the lateral folds and the median carina present.,............. 12 


Neiathoracic spiracles NO’ ODIONE-OVAls teens ain vite cae a aelemseiniomias Je eivichtetaiceieiae siete se siete sex Le 
Abdomen conic-ovate, the third and fourth segments subequal, united as long as the second, the fifth 
hardly as long as the fourth or sixth ; flagellum subclavate, the joints of the funicle gradually de- 
creasing in length, not transverse ; head wide, the temples oblique but rather broad. 
Polyscelis Dalla Torre (type Pteromalus conspersus Walk.). 
Abdomen ovate, pointed at apex, depressed above, keeled beneath ; antennz clavate. 
Paphagus Walker (type P. side Walk.). 
Metathorax with the lateral folds and usually the median carina present ; abdomen ovate, beneath boat- 
shaped or carinate ; flagellum clayate or subelavate, the club large, thicker than the funicle. 
Meraporus Walker (type M. graminicola Walk.). 
Metathorax with the lateral folds complete, the median carina absent; abdomen short oval, conyex 
beneath ; flagellum filiform or nearly, not or only slightly thickened towards apex, the joints trans- 
verse, the club subulate ; head transverse, the vertex subacute, the temples flat and very narrow. 
Endomychobius Ashmead (type E. flavipes Ashm.). 


PaNetathoracie Spiracles) Ovals cf 2's 2 <\e srecc oe: sjore oyacets arenel sie) prensa erdle eee arlsler ts tehst olekeidoa tree, wa ae waetroese? LO 


Metathoracie spiracles small, rounded. 

Metanotum without a median carina ; abdomen conic-ovate, beneath subeonyex, the second seg- 
ment occupying about one third the whole surface, segments 3-6 subequal, the 7th the long- 
est, the 8th conical ; flagellum filiform, or at the most subelavate ; marginal vein long, slightly 
thickened, ....................Scymnophagus Ashmead, g. noy. (type S. townsendi Ashm.). 

Metathorax very short, smooth, impunctate, with a median carina; scutellum convexly rounded ; ab- 
domen short, oyate, not longer than the thorax, boat-shape beneath, the second segment occupying 
one third the surface, the following short, subequal. 

Epipteromalus Ashmead, g. nov. (type 2. algonquinensis Ashm.). 

First two ring-joints minute, equal, smaller than the third ; funicle joints wider than long ; metathorax 
not short, the lateral folds incomplete, the spiracles oval; abdomen ovate, as long as the head and 
thorax united. 

Abdomen oyate, not longer than the head and thorax united, usually a little shorter, the apical mar- 
gins of the segments straight, not incised or emarginate............ cece cece ee eee cece eeceeeee LY 

Abdomen conic-ovate, often carinate beneath, and usually a little longer than the head and thorax 
united, the second segment the longest, the third usually the shortest, both sometimes, but not always, 
with a slight incision or emargination at apical middle ; segments 4-6 most frequently increasing in 


length, the eighth conical ; sometimes segments 2—5 are subequal... .......... 00020200 ee ee ee ees 20 


320 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


1S 


20. 


21. 


23. 


24, 


26. 


27. 


28. 


. Antennz with three ring-joints... 


Second abdominal segment about twice as long as the third or a little longer, segments 3-5 subequal, 
6 and7 longer; venter subconvex or convex. Pteromalus Swederus (type Ichneumon puparum Linné). 
Second abdominal segment about three times as long as the third, segments 4 and 5 united not longer 
than the third, those beyond variable, subequal in length ; venter usually strongly compressed or 
keeled ...................... Hypopteromalus Ashmead, g. nov. (type Pteromalus tabacum Fitch). 
Marginal vein longer than the stigmal ; metathoracic spiracles usually oblong-oval, close to the post- 
scutellar fold ; funicle joints longer than thick, usually about twice as long as thick or nearly ; abdo- 
men not strongly carinate beneath towards base. . . .Catolaccus Thomson (type C. cavigena Thoms.). 
Marginal vein only a little longer than the stigmal ; metathoracie spiracles small, short oval or sub- 
rotund ; funicle joints very little longer than thick; abdomen strongly carinate beneath towards 
base... eet cen ah ASG Mes . .(?) Norbanus Walker (type N. dysaulus Walk.). 
Postmarginal vein longer than the stigmal vein, but rarely a great deal longer................... 22 
Postmarginal vein shorter than the stigmal vein, or of an equal length ; pedicel small, usually much 
shorter than the first joint of the funicle ; in a single case only is it much longer ............... 27 
. 23 


Antenne with two ring-joints. . Pe Oe ence re aon omeIce OpkTor mie Gort cate seo ae oon 
Metanotum very short, with a median carina wid ister folds, the fates act eer a a transverse 
carina or fold that extends on each side from the median carina; spiracles large, oblong ; abdomen 
conic-oyate and somewhat produced at apex..... . .Neocatolaccus Ashmead. 
(type Catolaccus tylodermz Ashm.). 
Pedicel shorter than the first joint of the funicle................... AE Nie eras i, oo ee ee 


Pedicell longer than the first yom ofthe fumicle ete re eevee aye etn isp ciety statins elle kee teh eeeremeD 


. Metanotum with a median carina and lateral folds, the spiracles usually large, long oval or linear ; 


abdomen conic-ovate, keeled beneath; postmarginal vein not or only a little longer than the stigmal. 
Metapachia Westwood (type M. dispar Westw.). 

Metanotum with a median carina, the lateral folds wanting, the spiracles oval, not large ; abdomen 
ovate, subcompressed beneath ; postmarginal vein very long....Parapteromalus Ashmead, g. noy. 
(type P. isosomatis Ashm.). 


Metanotum usually with a distinct median carina, the lateral folds incomplete, indicated toward the 
base, the spiracles oval or elliptic. 

Abdomen conic-ovate.................... Hypopteromalus Ashmead (type P. tabacum Fitch). 

Abdomen rotiind.......................Diglochis Forster (type Pteromalus omnivorus Walk.). 


Head wide, but the temples and cheeks rounded, not especially broad ; pedicel shorter than the first 


joint of the funicle. . 28 


Head large, broad, the temples and the cheeks broad, acute ; pedicel long, aes inne than Aine first 

joint of the funicle. 
Antenne inserted just above the clypeus ; abdomen rotund, wider than the thorax, rarely ovate. 
Celopisthia Forster (type Pteromalus cephalotes Walk.). 


Antenne inserted on or very near the middle of the face, never far below the middle............. 29 


Antenne inserted far below the middle of the face. 
Metathorax not very short ; abdomen ovate or conic-oyate, usually convex beneath. 
Dibrachys Forster (type Pleromalus boucheanus Ratz.). 


. Abdomen conic-ovate, not much produced beneath, if at all..................Arthrolytus Thomson. 


(type A. punctatus Thoms.). 


Abdomen conic-ovate, but beneath towards base, acutely triangularly produced. 
Metapachia Westw. (partim). 


_-— | 


, a 


. * 


30. 


31. 


oo 
- 


35. 


36. 


37. 


38. 


39. 


40. 


45. 


SREY ES ULIAULE VPs ces sccaepapstincts ve acess ra ore eles RIO Pea ose thesis 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 321 


Occipital foraminal depression distinctly margined or rimmed..........0.0.ceccceeeeeeeeeeeeses BL 
Occipital foraminal depression simple, immargined.............0c0ccceeccccecccscececeeccecess 87 
Metathorax at apex produced into a subglobose neck, the median carina and the lateral folds usually 
present. 
PAUSE Soy AA UU Foe OVENS. october Ama ace AG Oh AE RICe AG PPADS ROE Gratanaainiaytiee a OS! 


Antenne with three ring-joints. .. 0... ...... 0.0. ee cece ee ee cess cesses ss. Belonura Ashmead. 


EA ERYDAT EO) er O UAL seach Cy Ne RP. cosa x wie see teva ik ees eT See EE Ee ote ae ene his MESS 


mee osimareinalvemlonger than theistigmall)) ...\./aatndece ne askesl oer anne bial sielseleaa cite c caiee eects OF 


Postmarginal vein not longer than the stigmal, usually a little shorter................0.0.0e000-4 85 
Second abdominal segment very large... .............0ce ce ceecceeecsereseeees. -L80cyrtus Walker. 
Second abdominal segment normal ; flagellum subclavate, pubescent, the joints transverse or quadrate. 
Urolepis Walker. 
Flagellum subclayate or clavate, clothed with a short pubescence, the joints usually much wider than 
long ; tibiee with rigid bristles ; abdomen rotund, the second segment not especially large. 
Trichoglenes Thomson. 
Antenne filiform, pubescent; funicle joints 4 to 6 usually a little wider than long or not longer than 
Viton hg odiboae DOE TES 69 80-000 DG bOOn.G0 CHORDA DN omaaCHeb ocLOetOtos Saad Ge cee eh ERAN aoy ret) 
Metathorax at apex usually produced into a subglobose neck ; postmarginal vein always longer than 
Metathorax at apex normal; postmarginal vein rarely longer than the stigmal, most frequently shorter 
OMonanreq ual lENp th ac+ sisnave vfeyaleosiem sina ies cw ee wela wie areas a seve eetrctaracere steiclerseter tere a ete om sone 
Hers normalsthe: middle: tibiae not dilated: nue cstatterseicmsrcics alote cic etere ciiccinieteici einen eee oo 
Legs abnormal, the middle tibize dilated toward tips; antennie with the joints alternately white and 
ro wettes ote. oe oetrascdete seb ecvoxtoete.c) sts cists See cco nite Sve ole tes ance meee erate aan OLY SCeLisi) homson: 
Pedicel long, always longer than the first joint of the funicle. ..................0cececeeeeese* 40 
Pedicel short, never longer than the first joint of the funicle, usually much shorter, the first joint of the 
funicle thoslonresis Ofathevtamicle. \}OMUs:eroca-s ce scree estat ae(sae el ae aimee eee eee tena 
Metathoracic spiracles small, elliptic ; abdomen short oval, depressed ; flagellum filiform, pilose, the 
joints cup-shaped) transverse... 05... .. 2. cece nese seer sees ee os os u aOMychobius Ashmead. 
Metathoracie spiracles oval; abdomen boat-shaped ; flagellum subfiliform or subclavate, pubes- 
cent, the club always longer and stouter than the pedicel..............Meraporus Walker. 


CAN ENT SOR yR ULL OLY IN TORI LS arete cence asc scan aey chaste iiotevabar ake eters tavar oberate enemas OtaTecrers hares ainiic Risvacrmauee ete ee 


Antennze with three ring-joints ? 


eeVietathoracic spiraclesismall mound sane sina e a7 sps/oederas xa Meese ariere eee ree sicisein ete Nels raed ede AG 


Motathoracicrspiracles DOMAMAall, round edie... cele clafelea onthe wietaiohalenseicieieie else" siaieias clei wieieieye ere A 


. Antenne subclavate, pubescent ; abdomen oblong-oval, flat, beneath at the most convex. 


Scymnophagus Ashmead. 
Metathoracie spiracles long oval or oblong, more rarely subreniform or linear. ................... 45 
Metathoracie spiracles smaller, oval or broadly oval. 
Metanotum very short, smooth, impunctate with a median carina.....Epipteromalus Ashmead. 
Metathoracic spiracles long-oyal or oblong. 
Abdomen oblong-oval, dorsal segments 8-5 unequal, gradually increasing in length, united a little 
longer than the second ; flagellum filiform, pubescent, the joints of the funicle about twice as 


lone AG THICK OM WONSE car os ee ue fede cess ee comerwnetcstas gneve oue esd bOLOMALUs Swederus, 


322 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Metathoracie spiracles oblong, linear or subreniform. 


Abdomen oblong, at least 2} times as long as wide, dorsal segments 3-6 subequal ; flagellum 


filiform, the joints of the funicle longer than thick. ................Catolaceus Thomson. 

46. Postmarsinal'yein longer than thestipmalys = = erie sie «nie cise oleteielc oc slotcioie etelotesiatele eter an ele te mtereterenee 
Postmarginal vein shorter than the stigmal or no longer. ...........0. 000 cece ee ceee cer eeeceeee 49 

47, Antenne with two ring-jOIntsaa.v« <= ee ens cele fies see cin )noie esis Sitemeter eee fete peel ct IerereeeS 


Antenne with three ring-joints. 
Metathorax short with a median carina and lateral folds, the latter intersected by a transverse 
carina which extends from the short median carina ; the spiracles large, oblong. 
Neocatolaccus Ashmead. 
48. Metathorax with a distinct median carina, the lateral folds incomplete, the spiracles usually oval ; head 
large, broad,, the vertex broad. \s. . 4.1. see es se eke ale ne eles eislee = ieee ee LOC IIE EO rse x 
Metathorax without a median carina, the lateral folds absent, the spiracles oval or ovate, not 
large ; head transverse, not large, the temples flat... ..........-Parapteromalus Ashmead. 
49. Antenne inserted on or near the middle of the face, or far above the clypeus ................-.+. 50 
Antenne inserted far below the middle of the face or just above the clypeus. 
Head large, broad, the temples broad, acute ; metathorax short, the lateral folds absent ; abdo- 
men very short, rounded, depressed..............-2++e+e+e+++++- oe oe COlopisthia Forster. 
Head large, broad, but the temples rounded, not acute ; metathorax not very short, the lateral 
folds complete ; abdomen oblong-oval, depressed ................-......-Dibrachys Forster. 
50. Antenne subclavate, pubescent, the club much stouter than the funicle, the pedicel much longer than 
the first joint of the funicle, .. 0... 0. 2.2 o.c ce cc cece ce vetescssas «sss. Metapachia Westwood, 
Antenne filiform, pubescent or pilose, the pedicel much shorter than the first joint of the funicle ; 
funicle joints 1-4 distinctly longer than thick. ...........................-Arthrolytus Thomson. 


Supraminy IJ. Menrtsina. 

The absence of the spiracular sulci, an important character, alone distinguishes 
this tribe ; otherwise it closely resembles the subfamily Pteromalinz, its relationship 
being quite close through the tribe Hutelini, with the gall-inhabiting species in the 
tribe Merisini. 

I have recognized three tribes; the first being parasites of Coleoptera, the second 
of Diptera, while the third attack Rhynchota belonging to the homopterous fam- 
ilies Aphididx, Alewrodide and Coccide. 

TABLE OF TRIBES. 


1. Metanotum! without aitrace of a median carina. 5 ones ote tete sce ier sete acetate eerste rere tetter te eneteaiat eae ret eat 


Metanotum with the median carina more or less distinct or at least indicated basally ; mesonotum with 
>] 


Tncompletio ULOWS « 2% ociac sececit so Suis Te oe Peele ae eis aetsis eis ss) uu sjs she eel Dew LO PEnOGENUAE. 
2, Mesonotum with incomplete fUrroWS...... 22... ceeececcceceecee coceeeceveceeeee Dribe I, Merisini. 
Mesonotum with complete furr0WS ... 2... 0c 0.0cse cece ee ee ce ccceee cece cece sess ee Lribe II. Isoplatini. 


Tree I. Roptrocerin. 
This tribe is distinguished by the metanotum, which always has a more or less 
distinct median carina ; or at least it is never wholly absent as in the Merisint and 
the Isoplatini. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 320 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


1. UINETALES Le Giog SBic mci Bic can COAT DAOC Cae PACH COA EF Tee. nian a 1% DOR ree Orie Shee IES. 
2. Ovipositor strongly exserted ; marginal vein about twice as long as the stigmal vein or even longer ; 
PARI CUATRO UY IDS CHINO GUAT GE FOUTIUES 2.04, ore cd caeaia'e a feislero aiaaTidece sy arse as tasai cided afeion ide te Sain Ae eects bras GO 
Ovipositor not exserted, at the most with only the tip of the sheaths exposed....................+. 4 


3. Antenne 13-jointed, inserted just above the clypeus ; scape not attaining the ocelli; funicle joints 2-6 
transverse, the club not stout, rounded at tip....... Anogmus Forster (type A. strobilorum Thoms.). 
Antenne 13-jointed, inserted on the middle of the face or nearly, the flagellum stout, subclavate ; funicle 


joints 3-6 stout, transverse, the club very stout, oblong.....................Roptrocerus Ratzeburg. 


(type R. aylophagarum Ratz.). 
4. Antenne with two ring-joints ; abdomen conic-ovate, pointed at tip. 


Abdomen longer than head and thorax united, carinate beneath, the third seement the shortest, 
segments 4 and 5 increasing in length, the sixth a little shorter than the fifth, seventh and 
eighth subequal, about as long as the fourth, the eighth conical with the spiracles distinct ; 
sheaths of ovipositor slightly projecting. .........-Uriella Ashmead (type U. rufipes Ashm.). 

Abdomen, as seen from above, conic-ovate, beneath compressed and strongly, triangularly cari- 
nate, as long as the thorax, segments 2-4 about equal, united not longer than the first, meta- 
thorax very short, smooth, but with a median carina, the spiracles rounded. 

Tropidogastra Ashmead, g. noy. (type 7. arizonensis Ashm.). 

5, Antenne 13-jointed, with two ring-joints, inserted on or near the middle of the face................ 6 
Antennze 13-jointed, with two ring-joints, inserted just above the clypeus............Anogmus Forster. 

6. Metathoracie spiracles small, rounded ; flagellum long, filiform ; abdomen oblong-oval, fully as long as 
the thorax ; marginal vein slender, jonger than the stigmal vein............Roptrocerus Ratzeburg. 
Metathoracie spiracles large, oval; flagellum shorter, subclavate ; abdomen oblong-oval, a little longer 
than the thorax, subearinate beneath towards base ; marginal vein stout and not longer than the stig- 


AL VELTe MY GEL CSOD) Rete Auton n tome ciatewe ace ccle-cis ald aid nice a Pinte noheein ei eiciceentains cae KOLA AShmead, 


Tribe Il. Merisini. 
This tribe is at once separated from the Jsoplatini by having incomplete, never 
/ oD | ? 


complete, mesonotal furrows, the furrows at the most being indicated only 


anteriorly. 
TABLE OF GENERA. 


VAI ORW: 1th sctenwiaetoneie oa cidcterelerencicun sie oh trarvtetclentcareiare's oie Gelele aatorcertroitiere, saieiives a tane thease iweeaca OD 
De Metathorax notterniinatime Init AUUCTODOSE NECK oi... S< acc aGiciiclanclelds vauhipalomies esac cane cessea OD 


Metathorax terminating in a subglobose neck. 
First joint of the funicle short, much shorter than the pedicel ; abdomen suboyate or subrotund, 
the second segment (first body) occupying fully one half or more of the whole surface. 


Micromelus Walker (type M. rufomaculatus Walk.). 
8. Marginal vein not or hardly longer than the stigmal vein, the front wings often with a submarginal or 
GE GGTG EY UCL GUL ES Bieta Sarr cao TRUDE AGO LO CLA OB SORE Gat Or SA ADL LAEO OOO CO Ce EIST a IOC HeL Rca inte: 


Marginal vein distinetly longer than the stigmal vein, the front wings without a submarginal or dis- 
eoidal cloud. 


Abdomen longer than the thorax and ending in a short or subexserted ovipositor. 


Phenacra Forster. 


324 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


6. 


~I 


Abdomen oyate, not longer than the thorax, the ovipositor not exserted, the second segment 
(first body) occupying about one fourth the whole surface, the third segment small. 
Merisus Walker (type M. splendidus Walk.). 
Abdomen ovate, the dorsum usually flat, the second segment not occupying one fourth the whole sur- 
face, segments 3-6 subequal. ...........Homoporus Thomson (type Pleromalus fulviventris Walk.). 
Metathorax not ending in aceubslobose mechan ager scien e cise ciate iene tote laicterset tote teas ome 
Metathorax ending in a subglobose neck. 
Abdomen subrotund or short ovate, the second segment large, occupying one half or more of 
the whole surface ; antennz filiform, clothed with a short, fine pubescence. 
Micromelus Walker. 


Marginal vein always distinctly longer than the stigmal vein................-002 ee ee ee ceeeseees 7 
Marginal vein not or scarcely longer than the stigmal vein. «............- 2.00 eee cece cee te cece B 
Antenne at apex stylate ; abdomen oval, depressed. ..................-.+-+.-.-Phenacra Forster. 


Antenne at apex normal; abdomen oblong, narrowed, the second segment not quite as long as the 
three following united, which are short and subequal, the fourth very slightly the longest ; antennz 
filiform, rather densely pubescent... ..........-0-0 ee ee cece ee eecessseeeessss...Merisus Walker. 

Abdomen short, spatulate, the second segment as long as or a little longer than the three following 
united, which are very short, the third the longest ; antennze filiform, densely pubescent. 

Homoporus Thomson. 


Trine Ill. Lsoplatini. 


In this tribe the mesonotal furrows are always distinct, complete. while the an- 


tenn are usually inserted far anteriorly near the mouth border. 


or 


6. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


Hmm ALES. 85 add cis Siviw vis ease in be hela 1 tee Parsee re verteSe SIs oTerovay oC ataTe oecta a eia Spek co Tear Ran caret mere erba ee PRO Met eRe? 
LEN na eee ae See A Oe nate Aceon roma BO tO Ooo. Cp Once sate cooatqoce sos cates 2 
Non-metallic ; mandibles variable, sometimes edentate.................. +0 002s cece csceessesene OD 


Metallic ; mandibles dentate. 
Abdomen compressed, the ventral valve prominent ; stigmal vein as long as the marginal, end- 


ing inasmall knob....................,......Lsoplata Forster (type I. geniculata Forst.). 
Mandibles‘acute, edentates< . sc foci) ndied ta Rigen cs eee Clow ciskeloseie octane ieee tater ee aera ane ee 


Mandibles broad, dentate. 
Abdomen conic-ovate ; antennz short, strongly clavate, inserted near the mouth border, the 
pedicel large ; stigmal vein as long as the marginal, clavate. 
Celocyba Ashmead (type C. nigrocincta Ashm.). 
Abdomen short, globose, depressed above ; marginal vein not or scarcely longer than the stigmal vein ; 
metathorax very short. 
Stigmal vein ending in a small knob ; abdomen with the first dorsal segment elongate, occupy- 
ing half or more of the whole surface.........Terobiella Ashmead (type 7. flavifrons Ashm.). 
Stigmal vein ending in a moderately large knob ; abdomen with the dorsal segments short. 
Brachyscelidiphaga Ashmead (type B. flava Ashm.). 


Non-metallic ; mandibles/acute or broad G@emtateny bey crecvats  ee) oteisie’ oe a/etare ol otejaleretae terete ame renee 
Metallic; mandibles:dentiatie.. 56.50.60 ao diere see connie aiieie sees) ater cie/ora.cicie's w » 6 sister oe else eee LO Dla teuanOnsters 
Mandibles'acute; edemtatee..- (155 rears cies c's ta: cla lalciel-n atahslats /e7siarel e\s tole s's'e or'oralitotetevslolere Couette Tate eeee re tomn 


Mandibles broad, dentate. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 325 


Antenne short, clavate, inserted close to the mouth border ; stigmal vein long, clavate. 
Celocyba Ashmead. 


7. Stigmal vein ending in a small knob. .................00000 00 ce vceccecuvessss Lerobiella Ashmead. 
Stigmal vein ending in a moderately large knob..................... Brachyscelidiphaga Ashmead. 


SusraMILy IIT. Evunorin2. 
1863. Muscidides Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat., XXXVI, 1863 (2), p. 69. 
1872. Family? Walker, Notes on Chale., VI., p. 100. 
1898. Muscideinze, Subfam. dubia, Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V , p. 87. 

This small subfamily comprises a number of genera, all evidently of tropical 
origin, and all parasites of the rhynchotous family Coccide. 

The first genus to be described was Hunotus Walker, in 1834. It was later 
named Trityphus by Ratzeburg, and again rechristened Megapelte by Forster. 

In 1863 Motschulsky described, briefly, poorly, and sometimes inaccurately, 
several new genera from Ceylon, which belong here, and proposed for the group the 
name Muscidides, stating that “Ils se distinguent des Pteromalides par leur forme 
plus raccourcie et plus large, qui rappelle celle des Chalcidides et par leur mésono- 
tum, qui prend quelquefois une telle extensione, qu’il recouvre tout l’abdomen, 
comme ches les Scutellaires parmi Hémipteres, ce qui fait replier les ailes horison- 
talement sous ce mésonotum d’une maniére analogue. Les ailes sont pubescent 
comme chez les Pteromalides.” 

The genus Hunotus Walker, was described twenty years before Muscidea Mot- 
schulsky, and I prefer to call the group Hwnotine, after the first described genus, 
in accordance with the rules of zodlogical nomenclature, rather than the Muscideine, 
the term Muscidides not being tenable. 

Cephaleta Motschulsky, if I have identified it correctly, belongs here, but Mot- 
schulsky correlated with it a male insect with branched antenne, which, from the 
description and the poor figure, I think is a Eulophid, and probably identical with 
Pentacladia Westwood, described in 1835. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


Hep OLELAUL GAs are asiotey wyaie vip ce avaver cial crane 2 atk cae ak stows 61 iVotratel a ollwist nice sible ye el cia eiteoh ol a, eTausialeinya/e Rote evshalsyee wialicic eae 2 
2. Seutellum large, but not extending beyond the base of the abdomen ..................2....22.. 8 


Seutellum abnormally large, extending over most of the abdomen. 
Head very wide, lenticular, wider than the thorax ; antenne 8 or 9-jointed, the flagellum cla- 
VAC. occ e eee ee ce cence ce ceeeeeee +s. ncutellista Motschulsky (type S. cyanea Motsch.). 
3. Second dorsal abdominal segment much shorter, at the most occupying only a little more than half the 


whole BUTiaCe Ob une Ge DOOMON a recta aerarsiims as cic fe uyeteliaiaue’s caus eYsieeielasaaratevats Biclm nuncio lesiate eee oD 


326 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


14. 


15. 


16. 


Wie 


18. 


Second dorsal abdominal segment long, occupying nearly the whole surface of the abdomen; eyes 
pubescent. 
Antenne 9-jointed ; scutellum twice the length of the mesonotum. 
Euargopelte Forster (type E. obscura Forst.). 
Antennz 10-jointed ; scutellum not twice the length of the mesonotum. 


Eunotus Walker (type E. crelaceus Walk.). 


. Postmarginal vein rather short, not longer than the stigmal vein, sometimes shorter.....-......... 6 


Postmarginal vein not short, always longer than the stigmal vein. 
Antenne 9-jointed! or Vesse. aniials eve se icavsic oaves asia ote Siar oka ates IA Ne EEE ete ea eee ees 
Antenne 10-jointed, the joints large, depressed, and narrowed toward apex; body greenish 
metallic, punctate..................... Mnoonema Motschulsky (type M. timida Motsch.). 


« Antenne '7-jointed orilesst s.c)c2 wernt Se cocoa areal eotis sees Gin Co Ure eer Reread 


Antennze 8-jointed, clavate, funicle joints 2-4 transverse. 


Muscidea Motschulsky (type M. pubescens Motsch.). 


. Antennze 7-jointed, subclayate, the last joint large, oval, joints 2-4 not transverse. 


Cardiogaster Motschulsky (type C. fusciventris Motsch.). 
Antenne 6-jointed, filiform, depressed, joints 3-5 nearly equal, the sixth a little longer, acuminate at 


APCX. 0... cece ee cece eeeeeeeeeeeeeeess... SOlenoderus Motschulsky (type S. cyaniventris Motsch.). 


_ Antenne! 9-jointed) ror Less 257/424) «jee asi cloicin ofa crete ioletsl 9 


Antenne 10-jointed ..........--.-.-.e0+0++++0++.+.+..Anysis Howard (type H. australiensis How.). 


| SAmtennze)8=j ombtedsor less... 126/45 sooeseeiaets atte tar ere erecta tence eral tet tee eete be haleeee LO) 


Antennas 92) ointedls; «<5. = aaa sre clse rosa stone sree oceans iecote els erated eras en eee tsa oie ee ehclen tere egg Cs 


f An Gerinie y=] OINLED! secre siesstereodeaheem gclverueit sisters ere MBAR DO eceadoon naa! 


Antenne 8-jointed...................++.2+-++.+..buryeranium Ashmead * (type E. aleocki Ashm.). 


. Antenne 7-jointed.......................-Cephaleta Motschulsky (type C. purpuriventris Motsch.). 
. Scutellum not extending beyond the base of the abdomen.......... At eceoacts anne 


Secutellum abnormally large, covering most of the abdomen................Scutellista Motschulsky. 


. Abdomen with the second dorsal segment shorter, not nearly occupying the whole of the surface.. 14 


Abdomen with the second segment large, occupying nearly the whole surface ; eyes pubescent. 


Antenne 10=joimted’,4..02..4a4h 0 ace eee tect more tei eisree ree tee ee rarero eet LOUIS a VicU ses 
‘Antenns 9-jointed 4.6244 26iw ase Ee ee eee Cee ee a eee lal ONOLbeRH Ons hele 
Postmarginal vein well developed, always longer than the stigmal .............-.0+++0eeeee2+++ 15 


Postmarginal vein not well developed, not longer than the stigmal, sometimes shorter........... 17 


‘Antenne. 93joinbed:or Tess; .acrsrtia/-psouete rats Sates Grape ae Clete cmneke:= cles vic is eevee een eae 
Antenne 10=)ointed! 7.0. scrercies eoneiies cesineeeteeites oineksel nelciey ele (ole eset eR ODEN eNO tS G inal kaye 
Antennse?8=|0inted “or Lessicrcen cect sie eeu eNeTMotsh at ustedes cheintiol= eve arsuenst ciaialcorcesteaers sauoneerien ul 


Antenns: 9-jointed: filiform’. <<:.c.s. ++ sete <u e stetete ee ole cieleteis er tietels afro leo) v orerel te USL OM Otc HUB kaye 
Antennse 8-jOIntEd «0.2... c< .200 aoe Ode stes eee Melee m ceils pepsimaes a clacies on CALOLOP ARteryNronse ails keys 
Antennse '7-JOINtED).. 56 sorsacalos cnieatee Seas Selene Reet eis /f cls cree, MOLENOGeLUBAVOLSeCRmGkye 
Antenne 9-jointed. 
Lateral ocelli almost touching the eye margin. ............-.0.+++-+++++--+-Anysis Howard. 
Lateral ocelli twice their width from the eye margin................. Euryeranium Ashmead. 
Antenne (?) 7-jointed, with 5 branches. 


Cephaleta Motsch. (partim) ? = Pentacladia Westw., a Eulophid. 


* Equals Eurycephalus Ashm., Indian Mus. Notes, V., 1903, p. 61, preoccupied. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES sylall 


SuBraAMILy [V. SPHEGIGASTERINA. 
1856. Miscogasteroide, Familie 14 (partim), Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., p. 24. 
1856. Miscogastroidie, Familie 14 (partim), opus cit., p. 51. 
1875. Sphegigastrides, Subtribus (partim), Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., p. 217. 
1875. Caratomides, Subtribus, Thomson, opus cif., p. 216. 
1887. Pteromaline, Subfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amer., II., pp. 33 and 35. 
1897. Sphegigasterinse, Subfamily I11., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 
p. 248. 
1898. Chrysolampinz, Subfamily, Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., p. 16. 

This subfamily is distinguished from the three preceding subfamilies by the dis- 
tinctly petiolated abdomen, and from the two which are to follow, which also have 
the abdomen petiolate, by other characters; from the Spalangiine by having a 
totally different shaped head, and by the venation ; from the Diparinw by thoracic 
and antennal characters. 

Four very distinct minor groups, here called tribes, have been recognized. 


TABLE OF TRIBES. 


1. Antenne inserted near the mouth border or just above the clypeus.... 2.2.2.2... 0.02 cece cece ee ee eee 2 
Antenne inserted on or near the middle of the face, far above the clypeus. ............-.-20eeeee ee 8 

2. Head usually lenticular, much wider than the thorax, deeply concave behind, rarely normal ; parapsi- 
UU Torco We COMIPIELES 0 Se ei ynars Abaiee oes nrae cee ae els See ae sities reiaeiee ee nINO Ls ASADHINI. 
Behrontiawines witha Slender Marpinal, Welncs.sesar sre tne Grace = = lore ie avelinyarayass aie miacteaeicionies @eyan 
Front wings with a thick, stout, usually short marginal vein.................Tribe Il. Pachyneurini. 

4, Head transverse, the temples not very broad..................++.+.+..-.. Tribe HI. Sphegigasterini. 


Head very large, the temples very broad, the frons sometimes cornuted.........,Tribe TV. Cratomini. 


TriBe I. Asaphini. 

This tribe is readily distinguished from the others in the subfamily by the 
antenne being inserted near the mouth border, or just above the clypeus; they are 
never inserted near the middle of the face. 

It is based upon the genus Asaphes Walker, which was rechristened Jsocratus by 
Dr. Forster, and placed by him in the subfamily Spalangiine, with which group it 
has nothing in common. 

_ The habits of the genera falling in this tribe are fairly uniform, the vast majority 
of the species being parasites upon plant-lice, Aphidide, and upon the bark-lice, 
Coccide. 
TABLE OF GENERA. 
LUD CR ARH PRA tots BS Goes od DAD OR SEe CORE tc CRCEINCS DSc Fat CHOCO bt SADORA COD AE HEE r sO on Teme AY 


328 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


co 


10. 


Ant: 


12. 


13. 


14. 


. Head very wide, the occiput strongly coneave....... 


Head not especially wide, the occiput not strongly concave. .......... 0000 cece ee eeeeeeeeeeesseee. 6 


Wingless or subapterous. 

Antenne strongly clavate, 9-jointed, ending in a large, solid ovate club, the scape dilated at 
apex ; funicle 6-jointed, joints 2-6 transverse, the sixth about four times as wide as long ; me- 
tathorax very short, without carinze, the spiracles small, rounded ; abdomen oval, the petiole 
scarcely longer than thick, the third segment (second body segment) a little longer than the 
second........................-Pheidoloxenus Ashmead, g. noy. (type P. wheeleri Ashm.). 

Antenne LO jointed: 52.5). 0). tate ceiertnete Seer e teiciet boas See ale aie aie se eee EEE ee emD 


Antenne, 13 Jobe sic). sigsis gcc aohatore ae eT ETRE ee ere oho ES ES EE ES ee 


. Abdomen with the second segment abnormally large, occupying most of the surface. 


Marginal vein scarcely longer than the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein wanting; body of 
abdomen with a tuft of hairs on each side at base. 
= Tomocera Howard (type 7. californica How.). 
Marginal vein fully twice as long as the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein distinct, about the 
length of the stigmal; no tuft of hairs at base of abdomen. 


Ophelosia Riley (type O. crawfordi Riley). 


. Marginal vein about three times as long as the stigmal vein or a little longer..................... 7 


Marginal vein short, at the most scarcely twice as long as the stigmal vein, usually shorter....... 8 


. Antenne 10-jointed, the second joint of the funicle twice as long as the first ; scutellum with a cross- 


furrow before the apex............................- Aphobetus Howard (type A. maskelli How.). 
Antennae L3jointed jo. cv'sjchers,« aches tnee ose een cate ss ayes ape tok sya eis oR ts aPC ee eS 


. Marginal vein hardly twice as long as the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein very short; antennze 


10-jointed, the joints of the funicle short, submoniliform ; scutellum without a cross-furrow before 
the apex............................ Aphobetoideus Ashmead, g. noy. (type A. comperei Ashm.). 
Marginal vein hardly as long as the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein long ; antennze 13-jointed, with 
2QTINGjOMtS 2 es oa sh snies os oe on chloe cs seee ee esse Asapbes Walker (type-4sanigamsaWalica). 


. Marginal vein about thrice as long as the stigmal vein. 


Parasaphes Ashmead, g. noy. (type P. iceryz Ashm.). 
Antennz’ 9) or LO-jointed!*; headsusuallliy widerje 2 eerelera tobe iettciere cee fe ote vetacinie ee oto pe eee eereeel 
Antennze 13-jointed!;; head normal 5.15.51. eecceveccie «) ersteiarassicieis so «abet ee ain os ie (ole cle sieves revel joist ee 
Postmarginal vein wanting jorivery SHOLby aoe ee aierciaaitiees «re ears ters aveleies clase t= ol sia) ohare eee 
Postmarginal vein distinct, about the length of the stigmal vein. 
Marginal vein twice as long as the stigmal ; no tuft of hairs at base of scutellum. 
Ophelosia Riley. 
Marginal vein long, about twice as long as the stigmal or even thrice as long.................... 18 
Marginal vein short, hardly as long as the stigmal. 
Abdomen with a tuft of hairs on each side at base ; antennie dentate.......Tomocera Howard. 
Antenne 9-jointed. 
Scutellum without a cross-furrow before apex................+.+........-Aphobetus Howard. 
Scutellum with a cross-furrow before apex..............+..+..+.....-Aphobetoideus Ashmead. 
Marginal vein scarcely as long as the stigmal vein, a little thickened at base, the postmarginal vein 
LOD B. save vas sie opsisselsy tora ageless eralejelerecsyeledobe ie POLE ete geeie reel otoanie fe Mie te AEE e SeD LLCS mV cal ececns 


Marginal vein about thrice as long as the stigmal vein....................... Parasaphes Ashmead. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 329 


TRIBE Il. Pachynewrini. 


In this tribe the antenne are inserted near the middle of the face, and the 


marginal vein in the front wings is always thickened and usually short. 


The species, like the Asaphini are said to be parasites of coccids and aphids, but 


these insects have other hymenopterous parasites, braconids, encyrtids, cynipids, 


ete., and the Pachynewrini are probably hyperparasites of these insects. 


A few have also been bred from dipterous insects belonging to the family 


Syrphide, which also have other hymenopterous parasites, and this seems to con- 
firm the hyperparasitism of these insects. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


toe TSIEN IE Sie IR oo eect eee Rea AO eG SCS Se ERC: Seu CEO See Vey MEE bint toe Ob CTR ELEN 
iE SS Sei TOME cor sacsice Bates Sr Cee Aeris A mAh ARON EBay crit ty GES Shs Alors Tae ster WY 
Pe NCSORNOLACICMUITO WStGINNCU. COMPICLEY. . a. a ctesine cette cise ere water al ciehieie ciel ce ea hie SLOT OLE DoE ATS 
Mesothoracic furrows incomplete, indicated only anteriorly. ................00eccccecccccceccsee 4 
3. 


or 


Stigmal vein with a large knob; abdomen ovate, pointed at apex, the second segment large, the third 
segment very short, the fourth and fifth rather large, subequal, the following very short. 
Pachycrepis Forster (type Caruna clavata Walk.). 
Stigmal vein with a small knob; abdomen ovate, the second and the third segments large, the fourth 
and fifth very short, the sixth and seventh longer. 
Pachycrepoideus Ashmead, g. nov. (type P. dubius Ashm.). 


Wen bdomeniabovetiator Cepressediny sv. tetas telcsievee cette cis oer eo ore a oie Hee oe tate Bt eer Ds 
Abplomen! avove Convexly rounded c+: h/eacon.e Aten ieee oo cores homer ene sero eine ie nciee eee oselO 


Pronotum much narrower than the mesonotum across the shoulders ; abdomen oval or short ovate, the 
second segment the longest, occupying a good portion of the surface, the third and fourth short, nearly 
equal, the following very short....................Pachyneuron Walker (type P. formosum Walk.). 

Pronotum as wide as the mesonotum across the shoulders ; scutellum with a cross-furrow just before the 
apex ; abdomen seen from above ovate, nearly as long as the head and thorax united, beneath com- 
pressed or keeled, the ventral valve prominent, plowshare-shaped, the second segment fully twice as 
long as the third, or longer, the fourth a little longer than the third, the following subequal, the sixth 
as long or a little longer than the fifth...................Euneura Walker (type E. augarus Walk.). 


. Pronotum narrower than the mesothorax ; scutellum without a cross-furrow before apex ; abdomen oyate, 


the second segment the longest, the third, fourth and fifth not short, subequal, the fourth a little the 
longest, the sixth about one third shorter than the fifth. 
Hypsicamera Forster (type H. ratzeburgii Reinhard). 


Mesothoracic furrows incomplete, indicated only anteriorly... ...........0 00 cece ccccscceccecccees 8 
Mesothoracic furrows complete. 
Stipmaliclubularcerewees. oe cee es cise. cael nas tenies easerse cel Aaee cpt as ee ACHLYCLODIS Horster: 
Stigmal club small... 5 oe. occ ce ve cece ev ode wsvce cere celes ce qs ok achycrepoidens Ashmead. 


Pronotum as wide as the mesonotum ; scutellum with a cross-furrow before the apex. Euneura Walker. 
Pronotum narrower than the mesonotum ; scutellum without a cross-furrow before apex. 
Metanotum rather short ; funicle joints not more than twice as long as thick. 
Pachyneuron Walker. 
Metanotum long; funicle joints thrice as long as thick................Hypsicamera Forster. 


330 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Trine IIT. Sphegigasterini. 

The species falling in this tribe are easily recognized by the much longer and 
more slender marginal vein. They differ from the others also in habits, the majority 
of the species being parasites of dipterous insects, and especially of the gall-making 
species belonging principally to the family Cecidomytide. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


2, Abdominal peticlelonsér than thedhind) ¢oxses oye vate peeie is iaie eo) atete ote stare etal star cat aie ras er ei 
Abdominal petiole shorter than the hind cox, or at least never longer...............0.00+-2-2- 7 

3. Head with the cheeks compressed, the vertex not very Nalrow............0. ee ee cece eee e erences 4 
Head sublenticular, the cheeks rounded, the vertex narrow. 

Pronotum large, quadrate, mesonotum flat, with complete parapsidal furrows ; second abdomi- 
nal segment very large, occupying fully two thirds of the whole surface of the abdomen, the 
following very short ...................... Syntomopus Walker (type S. thoracicus Walk.). 

4. Mesothoracic furrows incomplete, abbreviated posteriorly or only distinct anteriorly.............. 5 
Mesothoracic furrows complete, distinct. 

Scutellum with a cross-furrow before the apex ; abdomen short oval, keeled beneath, the second 
and third segments very large, the second broadly emarginate at apical margin. 

Merismus Walker (type M. megapterus Walk.). 

Scutellum convex, without a cross-furrow before the apex, the second segment large, occupying 
a little more than half the whole surface of the abdomen, the apical margin straight, not 
emarginate.....................+.-......-Acroclisis Forster (type A. nigricornis Forst.). 


or 


Metanotum usually smooth, but always with a median carina (except sometimes in Polycyrtus), the lateral 
foldsialso wsually: present, c.s.j-ke emote cere eters ee ela sever ole ore volobe aaa jen baleen Ce opel ete (a ahora ere cote one ect 
Metanotum punctate, without either a median carina or lateral folds. 
Scutellum conyex, without a cross-furrow before the apex ; abdomen with the second and third 
segments very large ; sometimes the abdomen is triangulate as in Perilampus. 

Trigonogastra Ashmead, g. noy. (type T. aurata Ashm.). 

6. Scutellum with a delicate cross-furrow before the apex ; abdomen with the second and third segments 
very large, the latter about one third the length of the second................Sphegigaster Spinola . 

(type S. pallicornis Spin.). 

Scutellum without a cross-furrow before the apex or the furrow is subabsolute ; abdomen with the 

second segment very large, occupying half or a little more than half the whole surface, the following 

very short, often retracted. .................. Cryptoprymna Forster (type Prosodes atra Walker). 


~I 


Mesothoracic furrows incomplete, much abbreviated, or indicated only anteriorly................ 8 
Mesothoracie furrows complete, distinct, rarely only two thirds the length of the mesonotum...... 13 
8. Metanvtum not broad, and with a more or less distinct median carina, or at least the carina is indicated 

Metanotum broad, punctate, without a median carina... .........-2-+-eeeeee rece cece cess P SENUS, 
9. Second abdominal segment at apex broadly and usually deeply, semicircularly emarginate....... 10 
Second abdominal segment at apex not broadly and deeply emarginate, straight or at the most with 


oh ae Met 0) :) 311): ee LarsE mist SOON mond acrice GtHo na BOen anaero So Coe dtioncouu sé ocd UU 


ee 


10. 


a 


12. 


13. 


14. 


15. 


16. 


Aye 


18. 


19: 


20. 


21. 


22. 


23. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES Sol 


Abdomen ovate, the second and third segments very large, occupying the larger part of the surface. 
Cyrtogaster Walker (type C. vulgaris Walker). 
Metanotum punctate, with an abbreviated median carina... ........ 0. cece ce ee ce ee cece ee ccceeee 12 
Metanotum smooth, impunctate, but with a distinct median carina. 
Pronotum anteriorly not acute ; axillee separated at base of scutellum ; abdomen ovate or conic- 
ovate, the second segment large, occupying about half the whole surface. 
Polycystus Westwood (type P. matthewsii Westw.). 
Pronotum anteriorly acute ; axilla meet at base of scutellum ; abdomen triangulated, much as 
in Perilampus, the second segment large........................ rrigonogastra Ashmead. 
Abdomen short, ovate, wider than the thorax, but a little shorter, the second segment twice the length 
of the third, the apical margin entire, the following segments gradually shortening. 
Eurydinota Forster (type E. leptomera Forster). 
Abdomen with the second segment occupying fully one third the whole surface, 3 to 5 subequal in 
length, the sixth longer than the fifth, the two following very short. 
Pterosema Forster (type P. variicolor Forst.). 
Metanotum)not closely punctate and tricarinate 2... sc5nn e ccjce tices lees ndeatinececeescsraeees. LD 
Metanotum not long, and smooth, the median carina and lateral folds usually present. 
Middle tibize normal ; abdomen ovate, pointed at apex, the petiole shagreened, with a median 
ridge, the second segment the largest, occupying about half the whole surface, with a slight 
UNGISIOM AWAD OX em cn acs oon eveeieiel cs ok Sei nies Te Saat ial ce eto eee OLY CY BULB. WiEshYy.OOd- 
Middle tibize abnormal, incrassate ; abdomen short ovate..................Spaniopus Walker _ 
(type S. dissimilis Walk.). 
Abdomen conic-ovate, the petiole rugulose, the second segment occupying at the most one third the 


whole surface, the following segments subequal, less than half the length of the second ; pronotum 


not short,..................+.-...+...Bubekia Dalla Torre (type Brachycrepis tricarinata Ashm.). 
Petiole of abdomen long, always longer than the hind coxe............... 0. cece secs cccssccceee LT 
Petiole of abdomen shorter, not longer than the hind coxe., ......... 6... e cee ee ee ee ee ee eee ee 29 
MICROLUOLACIEULrO WSL COMPO Cs scr Aare ocsinic ole chefos sia) stakes itotels ace nicl aie Lmistatet nian late « fernrelaPeiaiachetovareare seek 
Mesothoracic furrows incomplete, indicated only anteriorly. ............ 2... ce ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee 21 
Head with compressed cheeks ; pronotum not large, not transverse quadrate .................... 19 
Head sublenticular, with rounded cheeks, the vertex antero-posteriorly narrow ; antennee filiform, 

PUbEsCeN tie ac oc, heath ce evar ater wee ieapea ss wUea chen of melacla see a tite He SU LLO MODUS Walker, 
Seutellim wrth acCross-LurcO ws VELOLe- APOX as 4 aeseeieisicte oe Sesaiseschesuselelcenaredcdeas eer sicnecis sc wteeeis 20 
Sentellane without Cross-tnlrow) DELON ADR.) oe ais cveye ernie atenstede eaite a elie orafel sierosiesvalsxiieanuei as O20 


Abdomen with dorsal segments 2 and 3 large, the second twice the length of the third and deeply, 
broadly, semicircularly emarginate at apex ; flagellum subclavate, pubescent... Merismus Walker. 
Abdomen ovate, the second dorsal segment large, occupying more than half the whole surface, not 
GMAT PIN Ate ai APEX, tsa seers eee aici eeie'a we ra eles sienetelA cies ayaa aise enue cl aureats #)< ALCLOCHSIS' Forster, 
Metanotum usually smooth, with lateral folds and a median carina ; both mandibles 4-dentate..... 24 
Metanotum closely punctate and often, but not always, without lateral folds or a median carina, rarely 
Abdomen not triangular, either oval or oblong-oval,. .. 2... 2.0... cc cece cece ce seen cnc eeseceues Le 
Abdomen triangular ; mandibles 4-dentate, the outer tooth acute ; pronotum anteriorly truncate, the 
Pie aveinbii yale hth ene Bien ciecL Pe ICSD Ep OO OO COLL GI TG GOT ORIae . Trigonogastra Ashmead. 


Metathorax not long, but produced into a subglobose neck at apex ; both mandibles 3-dentate .... 24 


ape MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Metathorax long and also produced into a subglobose neck at apex ; pronotum with the front margin 


rounded ; both mandibles 4-dentate............... 00+ +000 eeeeeeeeees-.. Bubekia Dalla Torre. 
DA: “Palpicmormialll, cr. jc:c'eiecsisc's eis eteleters eleerede steve te nate eiets aexeielelesstols okchotcvera rah cletatata bitten tenet eet: ete etme 
Palpivabnormal 2. a.saaee service Paleie an apse eee 
25. Middle tibis abnormal, inerassated\at ‘apex... .....>-- << «06 s6 = <ens ne ce laeveeins se 'te aie emeisina eee 
Middle tibize normal. 
Abdomen with dorsal segments 2 and 8 large................-.---.-.. Sphegigaster Spinola. 
26. Abdomen with the second segment large, occupying most of the surface, its apical margin not incised. 
Cryptoprymna Forster. 
Abdomen with the second segment not so large, its apical margin usually with a slight incision ; 
antennz, except the club, usually yellow..................+..2++++++-.+.-Polycyrtus Westwood. 
27. Abdomen short, the second segment at apex not incised ........................Spaniopus Walker. 
D8: Antenne filiform s, 25,2 sahs Ces ok wien stay ico OPO TOR ata ese: eceMels FO SRIG eis aave ie Ne cariate Pe are IEIO oes Ree eo ger Pe RPE SHE: ELON 
29. Mesothoracic furrows incomplete or indicated only anteriorly...........-.....--+ee eee eeeeeeee 80 
Mesothoracic furrows; complete, ..5. sunamerc= cites «eels siete io eacic ie cielo ste ole cnet sted sta stene tate toeie Taree 
30: Metanotum smooth or/at the: most feebly punctate 22 2.2.0. occ oe tel sine enue oslo enie te ieiisieieielo IL 
Metanotum punctate or sculptured, opaque. 
Abdomen triangular ; pronotum anteriorly truncate, the upper margin acute. 
Trigonogastra Ashmead. 
Abdomen oblong-oval ; pronotum anteriorly rounded, the upper margin not acute. 
Bubekia Dalla Torre. 
31. Second dorsal abdominal segment at apex, not broadly, deeply semicircularly emarginate, either 
Straichtior with’ only aislichtpmeisionre reo sere erect aici aaecte re neice ened teens ee othaee eto 
Second dorsal abdominal segment at apex broadly and deeply semicircularly emarginate. 
Cyrtogaster Walker. 
32. Head wide but not thick ; antennz subfiliform, the second ring-joint larger than the first, the scape 
slender, but hardly reaching to the front ocellus, the funicle joints not longer than thick. 
Polycyrtus Westwood. 
Head large and thick, much wider than the thorax; antennze clavate, the ring-joints equal, annular, 
the scape long and slender..................+.---++++--- Lityros Walker (type T. pareia Walk.). 
33.) Metanotum®withionevor: three. caring) san sae cic alee ake eee eee ree eee ere eto 
Metanotum broad, without a median carina. 
Abdomen with the second segment occupying fully one third the whole surface. 
Pterosema Forster. 
34. 


Metanotum with the lateral carinz or folds wanting, the median carina present, usually abbreviated. 


Eurydinota Forster. 
Metanotum long, closely punctate, tricarinate.......................++.+.....Bubekia Dalla Torre. 


Tripe LV. Cratomini. 


1875. Caratomides, Subtribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., p. 216. 
1878. Caratomides, Subtribus, Thomson, opus cit., V., p. 44. 


This group is based upon the genus Cratomus Dalman, established in 1820. 


Later the genus was changed to Caratomus. I have however, retained the original 
spelling and shall call the group Cratomini. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 333 


Haliday thought Cratomus was allied to the Perilampide and placed it in that 
family, an unnatural position for it. It is a true Pteromalid and falls into the sub- 
family Sphegigasterinw, as is abundantly proved by the discovery of my genus Para- 
caratomus. 

Nothing is positively known of the habits of this minor group, but I suspect that 
the group is parasitic upon the laryie of beetles. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 
Head cornuted in front; face with converging striz below the insertion of the antennz ; abdomen short, 
subsessile or briefly petiolate..................Cratomus Dalman (type Cynips megacephalus Fabr.). 
Head not cornuted; face with converging strive below the insertion of the antennie ; abdomen longly 
petiolate, the body subeompressed towards apex, the petiole nearly twice as long as the hind cox. 
Paracaratomus Ashmead (type P. cephalotes Ashm.). 


SupraMiIty IV. SpaLanerna. 
1840. Spalangiides, Subfamily? (partim), Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., IL, 
Synop., p. 66. 
1856. Spalangoidie, Familie 6 (partim), Forster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 18, 22 and 40. 
1875. Spalangiina, Tribus (partim), Thomson, Hym. Skand., LV., pp. 12 and 206. 
1886. Spalangiine, Subfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 198. 
1897. Spalangiinze, Subfamily IV., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 248. 

This subfamily is quite distinct from all of the others here defined by the 
peculiar oblong shape of the head, a character found in no other family in the 
Chalcidoidea, except in the family Agaonidzx, although not uncommon among the 
Aculeales, especially in the superfamily Vespoidea, the oblong head being one of the 
principal characters that distinguishes the family Bethylidex ; it is also reproduced in 
the Chrysididx and occasionally in two or three other families. 

Dr. Forster and others incorrectly placed here the genus Asaphes Walker (= Iso- 
cratus Forster); it is a genuine Pteromaline. 

The subfamily Spalangiime is readily distinguished by the oblong shape of the 
head, by the antennze being inserted far anteriorly close to the mouth, by the longer 
more depressed thorax, by the shape of the pronotum, by the petiolated abdomen, 
and by the venation of the front wings, the costal cell being long and exceedingly 
narrow. 

The species of Spalangia are parasitic on dipterous larvee. The species in the 


other genera, according to the records, destroy coleopterous lary. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


334 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


2. Head tridentate, with deep antennal furrows; a sharp, high carina or spine between the antennz ; 
marginal Wein Longe, <5 c'ss sre: tore wlsee eecie wed Fo chor a cee acta ps0 eiainnter cleo nig! a cs/0) a led areal etter aoe ol Rae Tae 
Head‘normal:‘not tridentate.) occa cee stectcte Se(teie a eee lcisie eae mick » ere Neon oe Ree eer te neemne 


3. Head with a long spear-like process; mandibles very large, three fourths the length of the head ; 
antenn 10-jointed ............................Paralesthia Cameron (type P. mandibularis Cam. ). 
Head without a long, spear-like process ; mandibles not large ; antennz 9-jointed, sometimes apparently 
only 8-jointed, two of the terminal joints being closely united, without a visible suture between. 
t Cerocephala Westwood (type C. cornigera Westw.). 
4. Facial impression wanting ; antennz 10-jointed, inserted close to the mouth border..Spalangia Latreille 
(type S. nigra Latr.). 
Facial impressiom distinct ; antennze 9-jointed, inserted just above the clypeus. 
Paraspalangia Ashmead, g. noy. (type P. annulipes Ashm.). 
Db; Head! not, tridentate. Tmormali es cys ccemveetese - <estere cuessietetett lets ole sie aletie olieia Nalailermct ont tatollsiet tel ete ailene testers 
Head tridentate, with deep antennal furrows and a long spine or sharp carina between.............. 7 


6. Mandibles very large, three fourths the length of the head ; antennse 10-jointed. .Paralesthia Cameron. 


Mandibles normal, not large ; antenne 11 or 12-jointed......................GCerocephala Westwood. 
7. Facial impression wanting; antenn 12-jointed................................-spalangia Latreille. 
Facial impression distinet ; antennz (?) 10-jointed (broken) .................Paraspalangia Ashmead. 


Susramity V. Drparine. 

1875. Diparides, Subtribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., 1875, p. 217. 

1886. Diparides, Tribe, Howard, Ent. Amer., II., pp. 33 and 35. 

1897. Diparinee, Subfamily V., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 236. 

The peculiarities in the venation of the front wings alone will distinguish this 
subfamily, although there are other characters not easily defined. The marginal 
vein is very long, as long, or nearly, as the subcostal vein, the costal cell being ex- 
ceedingly narrow, the postmarginal vein is also long. 

The head in front is convex or subconvex, not depressed, the antennz being 
usually long and’ inserted on the middle of the face, the scape long and slender, the 
funicle 6-jointed, the club stouter and 3-jointed. The metathorax is longer than 
usual, with distinct lateral carinze, while the abdomen is ovate, somewhat depressed, 
and distinctly petiolate. 


The species are rare and only two genera have been characterized. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


Ms ema es. si-o/ctrs coso¥ayaige orotate: vee misc vel ote toe e/ocstohe eaten er Met eee ea weyers sleet ee ova oleate aac stel ota Selita feacteet tena 
Males). saie7 weisie caches aie niet ances 
2, Petiole linear, longer than the hind cox: secre .s ote rise erie tae. a> eye lone cls iseattoharmicle ater oeere clerk 


Petiole shorter than the hind coxe. 
Abdomen oval ; antennze 13-jointed, subclavate, inserted near the middle of the face, the joints 
of the funicle stout, subequal, very gradually shortening................Panstenon Walker 
(type Miscogaster oxylus Walk.). 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 335 


3. Abdomen ovate ; metathorax large, with delicate, irregular raised lines; second abdominal segment 


large, occupying fully one third or more of the whole surface of abdomen, the following segments 


short, subequal... ..........0. ee cecesceececeeeeeceees»Dipara Walker (type D. petiolata Walk.). 
teebetioleinear loncoer than the bind COX. oe os ests ate see cels'e ah si oavsetes's'e ce caine eisivs epee sileerane ss 0 


Petiole shorter, not longer than the hind cox. 
Antenne filiform, not verticellate, pilose ..............-...++0+++++++... Panstenon Walker. 


cr 


Antenne with the joints of the flagellum well separated, subpedunctate and somewhat verticellate- 
pilose ; body of abdomen oval or rounded, the second segment occupying fully one half the whole 
UNL ge ale et Seles nl hors IR Para ES no aLne ee necauastes Selaierhoeleis ie eae aida dei ad « DIDALS, Walker. 


Famiry LXX. ELASMID. 
1840. Eulophides, Subfamily 5 (partim), Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., II. ; 
Synop., p. 73. 

18146. Eulophide, Family IL. (partim), Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I., p. 61. 
1856. Elasmoidee, Familie 17, Forster, Hym. Stud., I1., pp. 19, 25 and 71. 

1878. Elasmina, Tribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., p. 180. 

1886. Elasmine, Subfamily, Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 198. 

1897. Elasmide, Family LX X., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 236. 

This family is not closely allied to any other, although, on account of the 
4-jointed tarsi, and the flabellate antennze in the males, it deceptively resembles the 
family Hulophide. Structurally, however, the two families are totally distinct, the 
thorax, the front wings, the legs and the abdomen being quite different in these 
families. 

In mesothoracie and abdominal characters the Hlasmidw show some affinity 
with the Encyrtidx, but the relationship, if it ever existed, must have been very re- 
mote, in ages past, and it is not now traceable in the forms thus far discovered. 

The group is easily recognized by the compressed, triangular shape of the body 
and abdomen, by the longer and narrower wings, by the venation, the marginal 
vein being usually, although not always, very long, with the stigmal vein very short, 
and by the abnormally developed legs, the hind coxze being very large, strongly 
compressed, disk-like, the hind femora being rather stout, the tibize and tarsi being 
very slender, the latter being very long. 

The species of Elasmus attack usually lepidopterous larvie, but some have also 
been bred from microgasterid cocoons and from other insects. The Australia genus 


Euryischia Howard, attacks dipterous laryie. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


336 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


2. Marginal vein shorter than the subcostal vein, the stigmal vein long, well developed ; hind tibize armed 
with many long bristles...................-.-.-.--.--Buryischia Howard (type Ll. lestophoni How.). 
Marginal vein very long, much longer than the subcostal, the stigmal vein minute ; hind tibize unarmed, 
without long bristles........................--blasmus Westwood (type Eulophus flabellatus Fonsc.). 

3. Marginal vein shorter than the subcostal, the stigmal vein long, well developed ; antennz simple, with- 
out branches’: ¢ 64.02 Sacocd acces ome eee eee earner cee ok Saino nite eee es IS CLLR ELONMeTeS 
Marginal vein very long, longer than the subcostal, the stigmal vein very short; antenne with three 
branches s.c.55 paths veces oes slo ee aera seein eee eae ue oie stotaatete tere ees LLSIUIS av esiNy OOK: 


Famity LXXI.. EULOPHID. 


1840. Eulophides, Subfamily 5 (partim), Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., p. 166 ; 
Synop., p. 73. 

1843.: Eulophini, Subfamily (partim), Haliday, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, III., p. 
296. 

1856. Myinoids, Familie 3 (partim), Forster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 18, 21 and 30. 

1856. Elachistoide, Familie 18 (partim), Forster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 19, 26 and 
72. 

856. Eulophoide, Familie 19 (partim), Forster, Hym. Stud., IL, pp. 19, 26 and 74. 

1856. Entedonoide, Familie 20 (partim), Férster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 19, 26 and 


78. 
1856. Tetrastichoidee, Familie 21 (partim), Forster, Hym. Stud., IL., pp. 19, 26 and 
83. 


1878. Tetrastichina, Tribus (partim), Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., p. 180. 

1885. Tetracampinze, Subfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amer., I, p. 198. 

1886. Tetracampinz, Subfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amer., II., p. 98. 

1900. Eulophide, Family LX XI., Ashmead, Proc. U.S. National Museum, XXIII., 
p. 203. 

This very large family, which comprises mostly very small species, is separated - 
from all the previously described families, except the Hlasmidx, by thoracic and 
pedal characters, and to a great extent also by venational peculiarities impossible to 
describe in detail to any except to those who have a thorough knowledge of the 
various families. 

The principal points to be noted, however, are the axillee which are advanced 
forward into the basal region of the parapsides, on or before an imaginary line drawn 
from tegula to tegula, a character found in none of the foregoing families, except the 
Klasmide which is too obviously distinct in many other ways to require specifica- 
tion again. 


Five distinct subfamilies may be recognized by the aid of the following table : 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 


vo 
ew) 
-—I 


TABLE OF SUBFAMILIES. 

1. Submarginal vein entire, not distinctly broken, or interrupted before uniting with the marginal vein, and 
usually distinctly longer than the marginal ; stigmal vein long, distinct, rarely very short, the post- 
PUN DA MORIN SL WAVES DLOROID «3 Ual ete ved emis aleiats, ontane see tere) cals alamo vals Sane STAT a Fe aoe Owego 

Submarginal vein broken, or interrupted before uniting with the marginal vein, and most frequently, 
but not always, very short; stigmal vein not or rarely long, usually very short, the knob most 
frequently subsessile or subpetiolate, the postmarginal most frequently wanting or very short, rarely 

2. Submarginal vein very short, the marginal vein very long, the postmarginal vein variable, often very 

- short or only slightly developed ; metapleura very small; abdomen often petiolate, but sometimes 

BEBSIIE OK) SUDSESSICS © 200 <5. cocceieis sie) «+ sine seineld elie cwtes te. ceslelsielae ve MUDIAMULY: L, NDEDONINAD: 

Submarginal vein not very short, usually longer than the marginal, the postmarginal vein always 
wanting ; abdomen usually sessile, rarely petiolate. 

Stigmal vein very short, nearly obsolete, its knob sessile or subsessile ; mesopleura usually 

without a femoral furrow. ..........-.-0ceeeeceeeceeceeese ss SUDfamily II, APHELININE. 

Stigmal vein distinct, never subsessile, usually long ; mesopleura always with a distinet femoral 

FATTO Wadi ons ipycichstan cies © ote, 8 ete, vite e winta ve ewig ule ele Gree egaw vret g DDI yom, © Ie A SOROS CNy Ae 

3. Mesonotum with the parapsidal furrows complete, distinct, entire.......Subfamily TV. ELAcHERTIN”. 

Mesonotum with the parapsidal furrows wanting or incomplete, at the most only slightly indicated 


BB LOTIOTY Aine ovate a a rchailo nial Gig Deis Fo Pe PIT ee Ae ALOR EE Bee Dit E lS Ee Ee ODA | Va nO BET NZS 


SupraMiLy J. Enreponin&. 

1897. Entedonine, Subfamily I., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 236. 

The usually very long marginal vein, the usually very short stigmal vein, 
which is rarely long, the very small metapleura, and peculiarities in the shape of 
the head and abdomen, impossible to describe in detail, but which the trained eye 
recognizes at once, must be depended upon to distinguish the group. 

The subfamily may be divided into four distinct tribes or minor groups. 

TABLE OF TRIBES. 


1. Tarsi in both sexes 4-jointed ; funicle 5-jointed or less; antennse 10-jointed or less. ,............... 2 
Tarsi in female 5-jointed, rarely heteromerous, in male 4-jointed ; funicle 6-jointed ; antennz 11-jointed 
or more, never 10-jointed or less. .... 2.0... 02s csece cece cece csceccoccesee JTibe I. Tetracampini. 


2. Parapsidal furrows complete, distinct. 


Abdomen sessile or subsessile, never distinctly petiolate.................. Tribe II. Omphalini. 
Abdomen: distinctly petiolate; «case. see cca ceeeccssmecesr sviem-s «> « DYIDG LLL. Entedonini, 
Parapsidal furrows incomplete, at the most indicated only anteriorly............ Tribe TV. Pediobiini. 


Trine [. ‘TETRACAMPINI. 
1856. Tetracampoidie, Familie, Forster, Hym. Stud., II., p. 79. 
1878. Tetracampina, Tribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., p. 181. 
This tribe approaches nearest to the Omphalini; the body is rather narrow and 
elongate, the abdomen in the female being usually longer than the head and thorax 


338 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


united and conically produced or conic-ovate ; while the marginal vein is very long, 
the stigmal vein minute. In the females the tarsi are 5-jointed or heteromerous, in 
the males 4-jointed. The antennz are 11-, 12- or 15-jointed, with 1 or 2 ring-joints, 
the funicle being 6-jointed. 

In the other tribes the tarsi are 4-jointed in both sexes, the antennze having at 
the most 10 joints, while the funicle is from 2- to 5-jointed. 

The members of this tribe attack principally coleopterous larvee. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


1. Females’, tarsi/5-jointed! or’ heteromerous 5. 2.55. ocr esiceise aac ce ce ces epiete sista tains lester aoe 
Males + tarsi 4-jointed!: :¢ sis. nek cee bers toa ean, Soveeie ste para ase eas beater eiyela nic Pee cleo ee eam 
2. Antenns’ 12-‘or 13-jointed,, with | or)2)-ring-=joints).7.- ae. = cies oe secmnaiees Oo e me cis cine ea tenon 
Antenne 11-jointed, without ‘a ring-joImt27,. saece A cice cic be em inh seein neem eee eat eee ae) 
8) Antennsz 12-jointed);, mesonotal furrows tdistinets... ~-n sis ae ecisiae Sema eee oindeel al sete) eee 


Antenne 13-jointed, with 2 ring-joints, the scape slender, the club 8-jointed, the funicle 6-jointed, the 
joints long, cylindrical ; mesonotal furrows wanting. 

Platynocheilus Westwood (type P. erichsonii Westw.) 

4. Antenne with the scape stout, the flagellum filiform, the joints cylindrical ; stigmal vein very short with 

a Very Small KNODs a). .10,2 slersehaterey setae se ais .. Tetracampe Forster (type Entedon panyas Walk.). 

Antennze with the scape slender, the aaeciae mapaineace the joints except 5 and 6 a little longer than 

thick ; stigmal vein short but with a rather large rounded knob...Plutothrix Forster (type unknown). 

5. Scape not thick, the pedicel about as long as funicle-joints 1 and 2 united, the fifth joint stout ; pronotum 
as long as the mesonotum, the axillse widely separated ; metanotum without a median carina. 

Forsterella Dalla Torre (type Hyperbius flavipes Forst.). 


6. “Antennze: 1 = :orl2-jointed!;marpinal: vem mormallies:.) 7a nia cee eeietoaice eek eiecreeie ieee 

Antennz 13-jointed ; marginal vein broad and stout. ....................Platynocheilus Westwood. 

f., Antenne UI =jotnbed) £35 5 isa ty ove: e Siedesevole ce Bi oe eel le iain o See eine ee ee ee ESE Dees 
Antenne 12-jointed. 

Flagellum not verticillate-pilose ; stigmal vein with a minute knob.....,.Tetracampe Forster. 

Flagellum verticillate-pilose ; stigmal vein with rather a large knob......... Plutothrix Forster. 


8. Antennze with the scape broad, the pedicel long, the flagellum normal ; stigmal vein very short. 
Forsterella Dalla Torre. 
TriBe Il. Omphalini. 

Many of the species falling in this tribe strongly resemble some in the Tetracam- 
pini, in venation, in the shape of the body and in often having the abdomen 
conically produced, the only appreciable difference being in the antennz ; these are 
never more than 10-jointed, and the funicle is at the most 5-jointed, often 2-, 3- or 
4-jointed. 

The habits of the species, if the records are correct, are diverse. Some attack 
the larvee of Coleoptera, while others attack those of Diptera, Lepidoptera, ete. 

I am inclined to think, however, that these records in some cases are wrong and 
most of them will be found to be parasitic only on dipterous larvee, since, where 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 339 


the records conflict, Diptera are usually associated with the Coleoptera and Lepi- 
doptera, cither as parasites or living together in the same plant. In breeding para- 


sites one cannot always ascertain, with absolute certainty, the host of the parasites. 


Species belonging to the genus Astichus Forster are bred from fungi infested with 


dipterous and coleopterous larvee. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


AMEELERTRELLGIS pete 2 tes Spe Ne Bees TAR, On a larch wilds tyau Penis Paiele phere Wiase cick nial e.AMe mE rer aclaeiareaterere eta abere tee 
2. Antenne 10-jointed, with one ring-joint (scape, pedicel, a ring-joint, a 4-jointed funicle and a 3-jointed 

Antenne 9-jointed, with one ring-joint, or less than 9-jointed...............cccecccccccccceeceee D 
SNVIDSS IN VALINO, JINMACTIALS: 4 occ. cs saivle s ataw Qaaw sesiew es seahiacienioe es siatetere . 4 


- Metanotum short, without carina or at the most with only a trace of a median carina........ 


Wings banded or maculate with fuscous. 
Antenne very long, the flagellum subclavate ; abdomen conically pointed ; postmarginal vein 
short, the knob of the stigmal vein petiolate... Astichus Forster (type A. arithmetricus Forst.). 


. Abdomen long, conically produced, as long or longer than the head and thorax united ............ 5 


Abdomen short, ovate or cordate and usually shorter than the thorax, never much longer.......... 8 
Mao Bits ht 
Metanotum long, distinctly tricarinate, the surface punctulate or rugulose. 
Flagellum stout, subclayate, finely pubescent ; abdomen not longer than the head and thorax 
united!oronly alittle longer.< <4 0. v. nae ovine cies sles ssle ceuree eisiee nile fe eNOLIGTICHUS, ROUGANI. 
Mictan ovum /Smoolbo sm punctate. si .sca ss sven) s.aistelsieiatate.s: caposiaye ce mcs atetaieine eetneletecn emtelamiaiererss stale oBht 
Metanotum punctate or sculptured. 
Wings almost glabrous, the short pubescence arranged in hair lines, usually conforming to the 
spurious veins ; postmarginal vein well developed........................ Secodes Forster. 
Front wings well pubescent ; postmarginal vein well developed, long. 
Eyes not large, the malar space distinct ; scape of antennz metallic or metallic except at base. 
Euderus Haliday (type Entedon amplus Walk.). 
Eyes very large, pubescent, occupying the whole side of the head and extending to the base of 
the mandibles, the malar space wanting ; scape very slender, white. 
Euophthalmomyia Ashmead, g. noy. (type EZ. pallidipes Ashm.). 
Front wings almost glabrous, not well pubescent, the pubescence arranged in more or less irregular 
hair-lines, as in Secodes ; postmarginal vein not well developed, not or scarcely longer than the very 
short subsessile stigmal vein ; eyes normal, the malar space distinct. 
Omphale Haliday (type O. salicis Hal.). 


. Wings bare or nearly, the stigmal vein rather long, the postmarginal vein not developed. 


Flagellum subclayate, not long, the pedicel long, obconical, the funicle 4-jointed, joints 3 and 
4 wider than long ; head lenticular, wider than the thorax ; parapsidal furrows sharply defined 
posteriorly, wanting at anterior third; metathorax short, punctate, with a median carina ; 
abdomen short cordate........Hubbardiella Ashmead, g. nov. (type H. arizonensis Ashm.), 


FaAN TENN S| OW LEO; Wate A, FIN P= TOM bias’, sara itreiaiothe'e) af intsce’e/aticG.were/e leis earele oie busi wiga oles (ee Sie: ctaiWinle ie wlere 


Antennz 9-jointed, with a ring-joint, the funicle 3-jointed, the club 3-jointed, the terminal joint 
usually represented by a spur; wings immaculate, or at most with a substigmal fascia ; meta- 
thorax smooth, without a median carina or lateral folds, but with spiracular sulci ; abdomen not or 


scarcely longer than the head and thorax united. 


340 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Malar space distinet, the eyes not extending to the base of the mandibles ; postmarginal vein 
Wery, LON. . fete h dese ses beneve she eres eihe oseaere ys ever AE A ee Tene ag 2 eestor CLD ROC LATHE Bug Csittels 
Malar space wanting, the eyes large and extending to the mandibles ; postmarginal vein very 
long, the stigmal vein subsessile and usually with a fuscous fascia from apex. 
Zaommomyia Ashmead, g. noy. (type Chrysocharis stigmata Ashm.). 
10. Wings usually with transverse fascie, the postmarginal vein not well developed ; head wider than 
long; flagellum short, compressed, fusiform, the joints except the last wider than long. 
Closterocerus Westwood (type C. trifasciatus Westw.). 


11, Antenna 10-jormbed” swithifose iri o-] OVD say. oc = a) potatoe folars oeta nse lat el ata oral etal alo faval alot tester tele lat aes 
Antennse:9-jointed. ‘with ome rine-jOUnb OLMeEss c <)>) lee. « - onr=iclei yin clsie cele esele sleiniol ainisinine eesti oe! 
HORA siepiniay orl bho Ser earn pn onaT Gobo DAC R ODA ag oda oan 540 nomrgonDocgo sooo mbesSocanaae UR 


Wings maculate. 
Antenne very long, verticillate-pilose, the funicle joints subdentate.........Astichus Forster. 
18. Metanotum short, usually without a median Carina... . 6... 266. 2 coat ee cece wee ce ve es eee secon e Le 
Metanotum not short, tricarinate. 
Antenne filiform 2. /ii)s <oec-sa shines os eeisee yc eno eacinle Saeivenite ae eee MC HIS HOnaAnI. 
14, Metanotum ‘smooth, impunctates . 1. occa ce eosin pelo hake ee aie eerie eee ee ee oh ae eee 
Metanotum punctate or sculptured. 
Wings subglabrous, the faint pubescence arranged in hair-lines; postmarginal vein well devel- 
oped, longer than the'stigmal.... <2. 2..0 se cece one sree be ne oes aes 16 NECOGES) WOTSLEL- 
15. Front wings finely pubescent ; postmarginal vein long, well developed. 
Eyes not large, the malar space distinct ; scape of antenne metallic.........Euderus Haliday. 
Eyes yery large, occupying the whole sides of the head, the malar space wanting ; scape of 
antennee very slender, white......................+.+++.-...Huophthalmomyia Ashmead. 
Front wings subglabrous, not well pubescent, the pubescence arranged usually in more or less irregular 
hair-lines ; postmarginal vein not well developed, rarely longer than the very short stigmal vein. 


Head normal, not wider than the thorax ; stigmal vein very short, the knob sessile or subsessile ; 


parapsidal furrows complete ; abdomen long.........................-.Omphale Haliday. 

Head very broad, lenticular, wider than the thorax ; stigmal vein rather long; parapsidal fur- 

rows obliterated anteriorly. ....... 2.2. 220620200. 00eee0c0e++e + - ubbardiella Ashmead. 

16] Antennz,S-jointed, with one ring-jounth.. o.jcpse ariel 2 eo cee mice ale Siekeua as feats are = aia eee eee 


Antenne 9-jointed, with one ring-joint, the funicle 3-jointed. 
Eyes normal, the malar space distinct ...............................--Chrysocharis Forster. 
Eyes very large, extending to base of mandibles, the malar space wanting. 
Zaommomyia Ashmead. 
17. Wings with a marginal fringe, often with transverse bands, the stigmal vein clavate, longer than the 
posthmareinall, <5 7;<ie%, oi) weyeie sie esis selsoee cies oe coo ioe somineelonicie eee CLOSUETOCELUR MV eSsimoode 


Tribe Ill. Entedonini. 
This tribe is easily distinguished from the Omphalini by the distinctly petiolate 
abdomen, and from the Pediobiini by the complete parapsidal furrows. 
TABLE OF GENERA. 


———T he 


ene oe — 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 341 


2. Scutellum without lateral longitudinal grooved lines, at the most with a single median furrow....... 


~1 


Scutellum with lateral longitudinal grooved lines. 

Antenne 10-jointed, with only one ring-joint, or less than 10-jointed, the ovipositor never promi- 
Antenne 10-jointed, with two ring-joints, the ovipositor very long, longer than the abdomen ; 
flagellum very long, the funicle 4-jointed, the joints long, swollen at base and tapering off 

at apex, the swollen portion with whorls of long hairs. 
Uroentedon Ashmead, g. nov. (type U. verticellata Ashm.). 
4. Head normal, viewed from in front not or scarcely wider than long ; stigmal vein short,.......... 7 
Head abnormal, viewed from in front very short, twice as wide as long or even wider ; stigmal vein 


2 
ROM rere ava tecni sah ook steve tciearee er ord ype te Te Ue eeeeD ci cemretere Wie cict ear sieicla Net sieveitiaoma wie massiesmcserscl ee 5 


or 


Eyes pubescent ; wings with the disk usually subfuscous, but not banded ; antennze 10-jointed, sub- 
Eyes bare; wings with two fuscous transverse bands ; antennie 10-jointed, long, the flagellum long, 
subclavate, the funicle 4-jointed, the joints longer than thick ; cylindrical ; prothorax conical ; parap- 
sides prominently convex......................Hoplocrepis Ashmead (type H. albiclava Ashm.). 
6. Funicle 3-jointed, the joints cylindrical, slightly pedicellate, the club 4-jointed, black or brown-black, 
not white ; metanotum smooth, without a median carina. 
Eulophopteryx Ashmead, g. noy. (type 2. chapade Ashm.). 
Funicle 3-jointed, the joints compressed, briefly pedicellate, the club 4-jointed, white or yellowish 
white ; metanotum with a median carina. 
Lophocomus Haliday (type Cirrospilus anaitis Walk.). 
7. Seutellum without a median longitudinal grooved line... .. 2. 6.222200 20 se ce wees cc ce cecescsecnceae & 
Scutellum with a median longitudinal grooved line. 
Antenne 10-jointed, with one ring-joint, the flagellum filiform, pubescent, the funicle 4-jointed, 
the joints long, cylindrical ; abdomen with a long petiole. - 
Holcopeltoideus Ashmead, g. nov. (type Holcopelte petiolata Ashm.). 
Antenne 9-jointed, with one ring-joint, usually subclavate, the funicle 3-jointed, the joints 
oblong-oval or submoniliform ; abdomen with a short petiole. 
Horismenus Walker (type H. cleodora Walk.). 
8. Antenne 9-jointed, with one ring-joint or less than 9-jointed ............ ccc ce cece ccecsrccces LO 
Antenne 10-jointed, with one ring-joint. 
Wetathoraa oni o ute LALODeAll CATIU GOs. we rays ois) «(ecctsrais ke ie oitie ea slebeiaiaue. we) slaisiayavel e.elle)e(@aie/olsaise es D 
Metathorax with lateral carinee and a median carina, the Jatter usually forked at apex. 
Body of abdomen ovate, the first segment occupying about one third the whole surface. 
Pleurotropis Forster (type P. isomera Forst.). 
9. Metathorax produced into a long neck at apex, with a delicate median carina at base. 
Head very wide, lenticular, much wider than the thorax, concaye behind ; flagellum filiform, 
the funicle 4-jointed ; postmarginal vein not developed ; abdomen with a long petiole. 
Pelorotelus Ashmead, g. noy. (type P. cwruleus Ashm.). 
10. Antenne 8-jointed, with one ring-joint, or less than 8-jointed. .............. 2. cece cece ce se cece 1B 
Antenne 9-jointed, with one ring-joint, the funicle 3-jointed, the club 3-jointed, the last joint usually 
represented by. a little spur. 
Metathorax without lateral carinwe........... F Sricemsaie oft 


Metathorax with lateral carine,..............Mestocharis Forster (type M. cyclopsila Forst.). 


14. 


16. 


ihe 


2 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
. Scutellum not smooth, scaly punctate, or finely reticulately punctate.....................--.... 12 
Seutellum perfectly smooth, impunctate..................Asecodas Forster (type A. fuscipes Forst.). 


2. Head very broad, much wider than the thorax, the occiput concave ; metanotum with a median carina 


connected with a transverse carina at apex, the spiracles in depressions, large and oval. 
Entedon Dalman (type E. cyanellus Dalm.). 
Head not so broad, not or scarcely wider than the thorax ; metanotum with a delicate median carina 
connected with a transverse carina before the apex, the same a little curved on each side from the 
apex of the median carina, the spiracles small, short oval or rounded........Derostenus Westwood 
(type D. gemmeus Westw.). 


. Antenne short and strongly clavate, the funicle 2-jointed, the club large, 3-jointed. 


Funicle joints neither small nor annular, distinctly separated ; pedicel not large, much narrower 
than the first joint of funicle.......Rhopalotus Forster (type Elachertus cothurnatus Ratzeb.). 
Funicle joints very minute, annular, and closely united with the club ; pedicel large. 
Chrysoatomus Ashmead, g. nov. (type C. zealandicus Ashm.). 
Scutellum: with’ two lonritudinal srooved linest.>.c. «22 .ae cesses eelecie nine elie elec) eee eS 


Scutellum without longitudinal grooved lines, or at the most with a median grooved line.......... 19 


5. Antennze 10-jointed or less, with only one ring-joint .....................--. stone LG 


Antenne 10-jointed with two ring-joints..................2-.-2-2e2e+2++----Uroentedon Ashmead. 
Head abnormal, viewed from in front, very short and twice as wide as long, or even wider ; stigmal 

MEIN LONE. oscc- cae e Desephercenes wiaictage nares wets ate uae Oe: etahs co nats ope stews neck arcie tetera VaR eter rar need 
Head normal, viewed from in front, not or scarcely wider than long.................-.-.++..--. 19 


Eyes pubescent ; wings with a subfuscous discal cloud but not banded ; pronotum rounded before. 18 
Eyes bare ; wings with two transverse fuscous bands ; pronotum conical. 
Antenne very long, 10-jointed, the joints of the funicle globose at base, longly petiolate at apex, 


with whorls of long hairs on the basal portion ; sometimes also with short branches on the 


first three joints of funicle2 oo \.a.8 once = cies smecis seicie clone owes as 2 AL ODIOCKeDIS-AShmend, 

. Antenne long, 10-jointed, as in Hoplocrepis. 
Metanotum without a median carina, .................+........... Hulophopteryx Ashmead. 
Metanotum with a median carina................+.20-0e20+2+++----.- LOphocomus Huliday. 
. Scutellumwith a median longitudinal prooved lines. ...... cee ote eee ice ce see tialeinciote cieiene eee 
Scutellum without a median longitudinal grooved line ..... 2.2.0.0... cc ce cscc cece scceeccsscccee OL 


. Antennze 10-jointed, the funicle 4-jointed, the joints rather longer, pedicellate at apex, the club 3-jointed. 


Holcopeltoideus Ashmead. 
Antenne 9-jointed, the funicle 4-jointed, the joints oval, very briefly pedicellate, the club 2-jointed. 
Horismenus Walker. 


21. Antenne 9-jointed, with a ring-joint, or less than 9-jointed............... cc cece cece cccccecsces 22 


Antenne 10-jointed, with a ring-joint, the funicle 4-jointed, the joints oblong, very briefly pedicellate, 

or loosely joined, the club 3-jointed, the last joint represented by a little spur. 
Metanotum not short, with lateral carinze and a median carina ; abdomen short oval, the second 
segment occupying nearly half the whole surface, the following segments after the third very 


SHOT 4 5:0 crear Deine, eae Ral TO Bae Ie sale See Ee LO LEO LEODIS HN OESbels 


2. Antennes: S-jointed Or. less’ «5 vic(vis-shevere.sebels A ausie, 5 Sm Ghee e.<) ack Prgietalane wicle,b.ohe/o/ siete ve fave Pareto eich evar Teer Tae 


Antenne 9-jointed. 
Metathorax smooth, without lateral carinte)+..2 0 eee a: ican coe eee Dee Eee Oe ees 


Metathorax with lateral carinie, the median carina also usually present. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 343 
Flagellum short, stout, subclavate, the funicle 3-jointed, joints 2 and 3 not longer than 
thick, the club stouter, ovate. ........ 6.0.20 eeceeees eee. Mestocharis Forster. 
23. Scutellum never smooth, always punctate, scaly-punctate or reticulate ; metanotum more or less sha- 
DUECNOMLON PUNCLAUC eer Pterserac. mare ee cinerea craiae site etek cafes ctae s aheltrereiecrpwielereie we owned) aie crepes me charsvelogainys mee 
Secutellum always smooth, impunctate ; metanotum smooth, not sculptured. 
Flagellum subfiliform, much stouter than the small pedicel, the funicle 3-jointed, the joints 
loosely joined or briefly pedicellate, postmarginal vein short .............Asecodes Forster. 
24. Flagellum filiform, the funicle 3-jointed. 

Metanotum with a transverse carina at apex ; postmarginal vein short... .... Entedon Dalman. 

Metanotum with a tranverse carina a little before the apex ; postmarginal vein long. 
Derostenus Westwood. 


25. Antennze short, strongly clavate, pubescent. 
Pedicel not large, narrower than the first joint of the funicle.............Rhopalotus Forster. 
Pedicel very large, stouter than the first joint of the funicle .........Chrysoatomus Ashmead. 


Tripe TV. Pediobiini. 

In this tribe are found some of the smallest members of the subfamily. It is 
distinguished from the other tribes by haying the mesonotal furrows incomplete or 
wholly wanting, at the most indicated by a slight depression posteriorly, but not by 
grooved lines. In the other tribes the mesonotal or parapsidal furrows are usually 
complete and always sharply defined, the mesonotum being distinctly trilobed. 

All of the species falling in this group, or tribe, are, I think, hyperparasites and 
attack other members of the Hntedonime, as well as members of other groups, and 
more particularly species in the Hulophine ; they are the cannibals of the Mulophide, 
since they attack and devour almost any member of the family, the species of the 
genus Hulophus particularly being most frequently devoured by them. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


Heap eM all Cavers eyats otter eueteLa hereon et etan are orc av epee sliste tetas ovale) ster sues fatrsalrotaltoictiesayracaieioy evan eran oleteisielavereleveras wuscrsey at 
2. Abdomen sessile or subsessile, the petiole very short... ............ cc cc cc cece cc cccesecsccvuesee O 


Abdomen distinctly petiolate. 

Head lenticular, wider than the thorax ; abdomen conically pointed, the second segment large, 
occupying most of the surface; antennze 8-jointed (or 9-jointed with a ring-joint), the funicle 
3-jointed, the joints oval, loosely joined or subpedunculate ; postmarginal vein very short. 

Paracrias Ashmead, g. noy. (type P. laticeps Ashm.). 
Bea Ovipositomnopexsennedaeci ai eyrnys teee ite eisai sinaiaice a aoyae an evan mioeioniaat wemenniccae heeicee | A 
Ovipositor exserted, the length of the abdomen. 


Wings with long marginal cilia, the postmarginal vein long, the stigmal vein short ; head trans- 


verse ; antennze? (broken, probably 8-jointed) .............Uroderostenus Ashmead, g. noy. 

(type U. pleuralis Ashm.). 

EPMA VY LU OHO DIN OM ONULP PT EL ALL CCULLEA Eetteet Mobs Metsteretstacio(staVar <ic¥a’s (Siay/els ete leyrortys/a) sie Loaieisinia sieceievovekaie\® ats eter) Honieiaie) iekO 
Wan paconuh anon maou al Cliitians weatetccrey tice cists cietsrec aretteh ose apse tel scone Stein ae Ais Wace weiss eves temiateen ae 


5. Marginal vein very long. 


344 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Stigmal vein long; antennz 8-jointed (or 9-jointed with a ring-joint), the funicle 3-jointed, the 

joints longer than thick ............................... Chrysonotomyia Ashmead, g. nov. 
(type Bulophus auripunctatus Ashm.). 

Stigmal vein short ; antennze 9-jointed, with a ring-joint, the flagellum filiform, tapering off at 

apex, and furnished with long, sparse hairs, the funicle 3-jointed ; abdomen long, conic-ovate. 

Ametallon Ashmead, g. nov. (type A. chapadz Ashm.). 

6. Antenne 7-jointed (or 8-jointed with a ring-joint), if 9-jointed the head not especially large....... 7 
Antenne 8-jointed (or 9-jointed with a ring-joint) ; head large, wider than the thorax. 

Flagellum slender, filiform, clothed with some long, sparse hairs, the funicle and club each 3- 
jointed ; head large, much wider than the thorax ; wings with one or two fuscous fasciz ; ab- 
domen conic-ovate, the second segment occupying scarcely half the whole surface. 

Acrias Walker (type A. nileus Walker). 
7. Stigmal vein usually very short, the knob sessile or subsessile. 

Thorax and scutellum smooth, impunctate ; antennz 8-jointed, with a ring-joint, not tapering 
toward apex, the joints of the funicle submoniliform. 

Pediobius Walker (type Entedon cedicius Walk.). 

Thorax and scutellum with a scaly punctation ; antennz 9-jointed with a ring-joint, tapering off 
at apex, the joints of the funicle not submoniliform. 

Nesomyia Ashmead, g. noy. (type N. albipes Ashm.). 
8. Abdomen: sessile or subsessile ss corateyeyomsiscletecierve ote ar-Veiaue oicieaseteteleieusteta serene lice tal eee Ieee eee) 


Abdomen distinctly petiolate. 


Antenne 9-jointed with one ring-joint......................+.-++---++-- Paracrias Ashmead. 
9: Wings’ with short: marginalicilia.. >i... see acl nolaneetee seek aioe toes eee tre crise a oo eieaio ce eee meee ° 


Wings with long marginal cilia. 


Stigmal vein short. 


Non-metallic’ J accia'5 Ae nic oo Aerie ce snore aa erence alae eae etait A OU LOM eA hin ears 

Meetalie. so icc sie oe a eae co smn es + ciel vo rie ies te ate ey slo e WI ROMCLOSLEDUS wa Shed: 

Stipmal vein long oso achaees wcloe palais oe, le) sence eee ........Chrysonotomyia Ashmead. 

10. Antenne 8-jointed (or 9-jointed with a ring-joint)...................2--+++-++-- --Acrias Walker. 
Antenne 7-jointed (or 8-jointed with a ring-joint).....................+...-....-Pediobius Walker. 


Suspramity IJ. APpHELININ”. 

1856. Myinoidee, Familie, 3, Forster, Hym. Stud., IL, pp. 18, 21 and 3 
1875. Aphelinina, Tribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. 12, 183. 
1886. Aphelinine, Subfamily, Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 198. 
1897. Aphelinine, Subfamily, II., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 236. 

Many authorities have treated this group as allied to the Encyrtidx, and usually 
place it next to that family, with which it has no affinity whatever. It is clearly a 
component of the Hulophide, where Dalman first placed it, as is shown by the 
structural characters of the mesothorax. 

An excellent reversion of the group has been given by Dr. L, O. Howard, in 
Technical Series No. 1. U. S. Department of Agriculture, where most of the genera 
have been fully described and figured. 


* 
= ee : 
ae re — 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 345 
TABLE OF TRIBES. 

ED AAreticed | OULU ope iel ata eloliatwie wifs'e) sis Rivas ie om «/a ei wish ss! im sareva\si ein) wie iszwisls ......-Tribe I. Aphelinini. 
Timer Syren res be Os ete oe Rocio co Ud DEAD SO GRD e DE) Scie co SUrOR ercia OROCOR oui Or ..Tribe II, Pteroptricini. 
Tree 1. Aphelinini. 

The five-jointed tarsi distinguish the tribe. The majority of the species con- 
fine their attacks to various genera of scale-insects, or bark-lice, belonging to the 
family Coccide. A few, however, in the genus Aphelinus, while usually bred from 
Coccide, also attack plant-lice belonging to the family Aphidide. All the species, 
except probably the latter, which may be hyperparasitic on some Encyrtinz, are sup- 
posed to be primary parasites, and are of the greatest importance in destroying the 
destructive bark-lice ( Coccidz). 

TABLE OF GENERA. 
TRATES TS Ri ee I ine Arteiee ageeeane kde. Se Ce eet PE mr rr et Enon 
ENA ese ee pee eee oe ah eGR corse at de ee ee tare seme eine Neelam ee canwes oem cake 
By \iUibrd GSES irkey nist ane Ain Binge Po.do UA ID OD OO DDIOE.OG D0 OFmo OS OC Drs Io0d como cOccoIns ate a cies sal torneo 

Winged. A 
Front wings with a hairless oblique line extending from the marginal vein towards the base of 
the wing ; antenne 5- or 6-jointed. ............ +222 eee eee ee cee Br ee Se rors es 

Front wings without such a line. 

Tannese e OO tle=0 ly opin p deg Pb erecp8 Jo Oe cr cd COne ad bb OF bo ooiGROUOU OOS BIE SO AAES Oi 
J NINE ee lalate lye tenis piecrad cosebies Gon acomnea subo cnusanccie poacaues cu aa capell! 
SGluplot antennas S-jOUMteG sis sic lee > wet ecoreiel vie cio ole level sloueie letsicl@le lola wre) lone) Yolaietaiolisiea/orrieteishaolria~ ic sicie 
Club of antennse I= oF Q-jointed. 5... oss ete oe oe oe ee cw eee ence ec cc dn wren neamemeesccccc esis 
4. Wings with a short marginal fringe. .. 2.0.2.0... ce cece ce ee ee ee ee tee tere eect te eet ce rece esans 


SJ oO 


Wings with a long marginal fringe. .. 2... 0.0... ce be ce ce ce ce ce ce ce ce ce eee nee e ene ee ec ecce cease 
5. Stigmal vein short but distinct, always present. 
Marginal vein as long as, or longer than, the subcostal vein. .... 2... ---. eee eee ee eee ees 6 
Marginal vein much shorter than the subcostal vein. 
Prospalta Howard (type P. murtfeldti How.). 
6. Flagellum strongly compressed, the first joint of the funicle about twice as long as the pedicel, the 
following shortening ; hind tibis flat, with short stiff bristles behind. 
Aneristus Howard (type A. ceroplaste How.). 
Flagellum not compressed, subcylindrical, the first joint of funicle not twice as long as the pedicel . 
hind tibize normal, without short, stiff bristles behind. 
; Coccophagus Westwood (type C. pulchellus Westw.). 
7. Stigmal vein absent.....................Aspidiotiphagus Howard (type Coccophagus citrinus Craw.). 
Ss Olubiof amcennss -2-jOUn Ged cave saeis cps laaial sie" «fe 72'o ale) wie =i 6 oie v'e »\s\o)6; o10.0,0 ore /efolle'g nieve clei vidivie: aw sis eine 2-8/5 nis 9 
Glnb or. scents 1] OI LEC eee eeieye eric <i> ols eisywin ele! ciofe c)s/a (ele nin!'sis!s nimi Eee Ne Se Mr te a Soe SLO 
9. Abdomen, seen from above, short, oval, depressed, beneath boat-shaped or carinate ; hind tibizee nor- 
TMB] «see ae ened eee ee Hee echoes ctncanseeeses nearsia Horster (type 2. tricolor: Forst.): 
Abdomen, seen from above, suboyate, flat, beneath subconvex ; hind tibiz behind armed with stiff 
bristles ...-..cecceeccecccececcceeece+-+s+-..-Myiocnema Ashmead (type Mf. comperet Ashm.). 
10. Abdomen short, depressed, not boat-shaped beneath, ending in a prominent ovipositor, 
Ablerus Howard (type Centrobia clisiocampz Ashmn.). 


346 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


11. Front wings with long marginal cilia, dusky on basal half; club, or terminal joint of the 3-jointed 
antennee, very long... ......-. 2.00 ce cece eee cece cescee ee Lhysanus Haliday (type T. ater Hal.). 
12; Antenne: 6-jointed «55.65 o5.5 5A, contie seme ei cusiate/ai s 5 neleie bie a ies Gieieis. b's aleve e sists ieye siereis Siete ate mene tera ILO 
Antenne “S-joimted  .:sc.c 65, ce ee ee ars ease ieee eer e Meera Sine ateedaiat as She voce Se is en EN eZ 
13. Antenne with the three joints before the club unequal in length..................0002e00000024 14 
Antenne with the three joints before the club equal in length.....................Mesidia Forster. 
14. Ovipositor prominently exserted., OIE COT SCR Ce CPLR NSU atic nets tories oom) 
Ovipositor not at all, or at most eae slightly, erat wings hyaline............ Aphelinus Dalman 
(type Entedon abdominalis Dalm.). 
15. Wings not wholly hyaline, maculate, or with rounded fuscous spots... 1 sia; edu 2 a eis woe LO 
Wings hyaline ; with a brown band ; post-scutellum abnormal, as to the abe of the shannon 
ovipositor prominent, 4 the length of the abdomen...... .Centrodora Forster (type C. amana Forst.). 
16. Wings hyaline, with rounded, fuscous spots......Marietta Motschulsky (type M. leopardina Motsch.). 
Wings strongly maculate, with broad irregular fuscous bands and spots of a peculiar pattern. 
Perissopterus Howard (type Aphelinus pulchellus How.). 
17. Ovipositor exserted ; mandibles 3-dentate. .......Physcus Howard (type Coccophagus varicornis How.). 
18) Antenne: 6-jointed.) 2.055052 can os heen Us Se aise pee eee aa hoteles oh tare ete ee DOLE US mp sina 
19. Front wings with a hairless oblique line ; antennz 5- or 6-jointed...................-..:.---+--- 20 
Front wings without such a line. 
‘Antenne S-jomtedo is 5. ns acetiseise oe sleitrerticy ore cacehetonay state sles oteker talc shel ekelere rev eie eheie es tee eet ere ee 
Antenne 3-jointed. 
Wings with long marginal cilia...... ...Thysanus Haliday. 
20: Front ‘wings with the marpinall cilia: Short 52/6 6 ote < cras< ercisjaselo/ cis oie ere inte = wiein= cle eis ata stole =) sist oiedsta siete ee 
Front wines: with thesmarginal cilia; Long ioe .o nice ao) vies = wis ela aier ate oistetes o)-tcleusyohe ey aetsteleel eetcie ieee 
of} Marpinalisyeme much shorter thaniihersubecostallayein irr ay rajsras) eet letters ierehae erecta eaten 
Marginal vein as long as or longer than the subcostal vein.................. Coccophagus Westwood. 
22. Hind tibie not armed with stiff bristles behind............ . .Prospalta Howard. 
Hind tibiz armed with stiff bristles behind ...............................-..- Myiocnema Ashmead. 
23. Front wings broadly rounded at apex, the stigmal vein present.................---+-+ee+ e000 24 
Front wings narrowed and pointed at apex, the stigmal vein absent........Aspidiotiphagus Howard. 
PES TU MINO WI. o celd sree cin sad wid eae a te ates eens Ue ne eal se eros Eclat Ane eet tat a DLC RNeg Elonmenn ds 
: .... Bnearsia Forster. 
O5F Antennse: G-jointed..... Joc cwatre de sseey ace oatae Sieteiee a oletata oe CeMe er amterot at reds foie is OST ee ane tee RITE 
Antenne 5-jointed. 
26. Antenne with the three joints before the club of an unequal length, ................ Lienert 
Antennz with the three joints before the club of an equal length........... _Mesidia Forster. 
27: Wings notcwhollyihyalime::. 2 2c. jh sseas cleus ctelo meterel Souter eicheyegete siete s fejetiete wie ecene clare orate Sone Gainers) 
Wings wholly hyaline... fi. 5 oars snore De mie te Sats cet cre wick wre arsreeaete te Manele Dalman. 
28. Wings with rounded fuscous spots or strongly maculate with fuscous bands a irregular spots,,.. 29 
Wings hyaline except a fuscous band................ ..Centrodora Forster. 
29. Wings with rounded fuscous spots................500000++0es+e+e-e+e-2-. Marietta Motschulsky. 


Wings strongly maculate with broad irregular fuscous bands and spots of a peculiar pattern. 


Perissopterus Howard. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 347 


TripE II. Pteroptricini. 

This tribe is separated from the former by having 4-jointed tarsi, not five. It 
forms a transition, or a connecting link, between the subfamilies Aphelinine and the 
Tetrastechinx, some of its members are easily mistaken for some of those of the 
latter. 

The very short, or nearly obsolete, stigmal vein, and the absence of the meso- 
sternal furrow, will, however, readily distinguish them. 

The species attack principally the mealy-winged plant-lice, family Alewrodide. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 
Hie meH GYM ALON epee ee Sune lerctatetant rar cteeorc ttetereue et cre av-tarcisyaverere.s are eich owoiehat vos twa arotinonsie souemacahaictaie cremeian cicre stelereene et 


2. Antennie § jointed, normal, the last joint very short. Pteroptrix Westwood (type P. dimidiata Westw.). 
Antenn:e 5-jointed, with 2 minute ring-joints, the last joint, or the club, greatly lengthened. 

Eretmocera Haldeman (type EF. corni Haldeman.). 

So eAMILCUN ES OJ OUTED erers vane vate ei nce cisteiaiete Face nim otros eheie ais Saesianai seers eiease ee UE LO DOLLA VViCSUWOOU. 


Antenne 3-jointed (or 4-jointed with a ring-joint), the last joint very long. Eretmocera Haldeman. 


SupraMILy III]. TerrasricHinz. 
1856. Tetrastichoidee, Familie 21, Forster, Hym. Stud., I1., pp. 26 and 83. 
1878. Tetrastichina, Tribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., p. 180. 
1886. Tetrastichine, Subfamily, Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 199; IL., p. 98. 
1897. ‘Tetrastichine, Subfamily II]., Ashmead, Proce. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 
p. 249. 

This subfamily is closely allied to the Aphelinine, and some of the smaller 
species falling in it, are easily confused with many in the Aphelinini, if attention is 
not given to the difference in the length of the stigmal vein. 

TABLE OF TRIBES. 


Abdomen distinctly petiolate ; hind wings with a long, clavate marginal vein.......Tribe I. Ceratoneurini. 


Abdomen sessile or subsessile ; hind wings with a slender marginal vein.......... Tribe II. Tetrastichini. 


Trips Ll. Ceratonewrini. 
The distinetly petiolate abdomen, and the long clavate marginal vein in the hind 
wings, found in no other tribe, will distinguish the tribe at a glance. 
Only one genus is known : 
Antennie 10-jointed, with éwo ring-joints ; face with strix converging towards the mouth. 


Ceratoneura Ashmead (type C. petiolata Ashm.). 


Tree ll. TVetrastichini. 
The sessile or subsessile abdomen, and the difference in the venation of the hind 


wings separate this tribe from the Ceratoneurini. The scutellum has usually four 


348 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


longitudinal grooved lines, rarely five, but never less than two longitudinal grooved 
lines. 

The species falling in this group are not restricted in their habits, but attack 
nearly all orders of insects. They have been bred, according to the records, from 
the larve of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Orthoptera, Neurop- 
tera, Odonata, etc., and appear to be both primary and secondary parasites. 

The vast majority of them, however, appear to be primary parasites upon the 
gall-making or gall-inhabiting insects in the Orders Diptera, Hymenoptera and 
Coleoptera. 

The curious, and in some respects anomalous, genus Melittobia Westwood is para- 
sitic in the nests of bees and wasps, and is said to attack not only these insects but 
also other hymenopterous parasites of the bees and the wasps, 7. e., Monodontomerus, 
ete. In this country species have been bred from the nests of bees and wasps, just 
as in Europe, but here we have positive evidence that they came from the puparium 
of a Dipteron, and I have, therefore, my doubts as to the genus being a primary 
parasite of bees and wasps. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


(le GENS pRene omen Oo unEa COSMIC US POCO OC aboncD Do cada na dODr oon abs eoesagnIod¢enacon Z 
2. Meésonotum without aimedian: eroovied lime: <r crete ctcfeccta toi stele otsterclerepe a iereiete ia ta cterctate stein) ote ore roar 
Mesonotum: witha median-arooved limes s).% anise erc eye ny ainraaren ce lepeersie tern oletnetan es encrahere ci karerveatatoeiiiere 
3. Pronotum transverse, not conical, or subquadrate or rounded anteriorly................00.e00000: 


Pronotum long, conical. 
Antenne 9-jointed, inserted near the mouth border ; abdomen longer than the head and thorax 
united, subcompressed, the ventral valve prominent..................Melittobia Westwood 
(type Cirrospilus acasta Walk.). 
4. -Antenne9-jointed,; with one ring joint. hse es a oaiaiee sete aise raise icon eee eines elem 
Antennze 10-jointed, with two ring-joints. 
Abdomen very long, conically produced, two or more times longer than head and thorax 
Abdomen not long, either oyate or conic-ovate and not or rarely much longer than the head 
and thorax united. 
Abdomen above depressed or concave, never cylindrical, either carinate or convex be 
neath, polished, the segments not subequal..................Tetrastichodes Ashmead 
(type T. floridanus Ashm.). 
Abdomen cylindrical, convex above, never depressed, shagreened or punctate, never 
smooth, the segments subequal ; funicle joints cylindrical, at least twice as long as 
PBICK: «oo os oc ooe owicisieie se sieleisie ar oe Giriele vis eles) RLICHODOLUS! Honshels (Gy Perunkowa): 


or 


. Metanotum usually very short, with a A-shaped median carina, each fork diverging towards the lateral 
...... Hyperteles Forster 


hiud angle, more rarely with a straight median carina.............. 
(type Eulophus elongatus Forster). 


10. 


11. 


13. 


14. 


15. 


16. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 349 


. Seutellum with fvo longitudinal grooved lines; hind wings acutely pointed ; front wings with a long 


marginal fringe, ............-.+.-++eeeeeeeee---- yrolasia Forster (type Pteroplrix menes Walk.). 
Scutellum with four longitudinal grooved lines ; hind wings not acutely pointed. 

Head and thorax smooth or nearly, at the most only sparsely punctate, metanotum smooth, 
with a delicate median carina ; abdomen rotund or broadly oval, shorter than the thorax but 
wider .........................syntomosphyrum Forster (type Hulophus cyclogaster Ratz.). 

Head and thorax shagreened or punctate, as well as the abdomen; metanotum punctate ; 
abdomen rather long, cylindrical, the segments subequal....... Trichoporus Férster (partim). 


. Scape of antennz normal, neither greatly thickened nor dilated.............. 0.0.00 ceeeeecsseees 8 


Scape of antennze abnormal, enormously enlarged, or dilated ; antennz 9-jointed with one ring-joint, 
the funicle 4-jointed. 

Front wings with a long marginal fringe ; funicle joints short, moniliform. .. .Ceranisus Walker 

(type C. pacuvius Walk.). 

Front wings with a short marginal fringe ; funicle joints longer than thick. Baryscapus Forster 

(type unknown). 

Antenne 10-jointed, with two ring-joints, the funicle 3-jointed, the club ovate, 3-jointed. ......... 9 


Antenne 9-jointed, with one ring-joint, or less than 9-jointed................ccceccceecceceess. 10 


. Abdomen ovate or conic-ovate, rarely, although sometimes, greatly lengthened and conically produced 


as in Hyperteles... 0 cece ce cee eee eee ee esses. -Letrastichus Haliday (type Eulophus miser Nees). 
SUPER OERY OLN Led ail DRNONEe TING] OLN be nec /eceiric sa ee eocalen Vaan TOC en Sune Cees LLL 
ATC NN ese TOM LeN = WACH ONE TI P=] OMNUiss,« 2). <ie'sie noes, avin oh ce oe aie einen ele See ae ae aera Le 


Front legs normal, the tibize and tarsi long and slender; pronotum not long, rounded before, hardly 
half the length of the mesonotum ; abdomen much elongate, conically produced, subecompressed, with 
usually a prominent ovipositor ; funicle joints much longer than thick......Aprostocerus Westwood 

(type A. caudatus Westw.). 

Front legs abnormal, much swollen, the tibize short and thick ; pronotum large, transverse quadrate, 
nearly as long as the mesonotum, the front angles a little rounded ; body of abdomen oblong, de- 
pressed, not longer than the head and thorax united, the ovipositor prominent but not longer than 
half the length of the abdomen ; funicle joints short, not longer than thick, sometimes a little wider 
than long... 1.0... cece ee ce ee ce ee ee eee ee eese. Oratepus Forster (type C. agrisgranensis Forst.). 


. Abdomen ovate, the ovipositor hidden. 


Antenne very short, clavate, the pedicel obconic, thicker and longer than the first two joints 
of the funicle united, which are small, quadrate ; wings with a long marginal fringe. 
Pentastichus Ashmead (type P. xanthopus Ashm.). 


WIESON LAHORE hy TOC OIAM OLOOV ER LINOs..5.5.cus cclousceiere eines nim vote sesretela o'anelain te reskin Sixieseisi ciobeieliprs''e:» wae LS 
CRON GLI Pe Al TOO VOR LIN Oise, oie arsisl ists siara(oleofais cia talotere Malaise o.stsVa arelaiaie' a! a/a) eisai crouse e's sivjeiel Oe 
ECOSUN Uta PEC. Met Pra lteter atzas able miehernis di eros tale civ .ci sara let cpus'a) cievata olelareLee aiatalqisiateyaiaiele susie cs 'syeis, LD 


Apterous or subapterous. 
Pronotum long, conical ; antennie 9-jointed, inserted close to the mouth, the scape long, 
broadly dilated towards apex, the pedicel and first funicle joint dilated, the funicle 
joints 2-4 small, transverse, the club ovate, 3-jointed........... .Melittobia Westw. 


AMATO TREES OI OITIGOO MRE DAOIES CURE) OVINE tototial eicvar aa fete ia ev sleyole Yale" ove tai aris ac] wisis ails SRA wheal sietmiaetsiafeteicls's,cute eves SLO 
PAYG OITT SO Cie [OLAS SCTE ROME ete rere atete aratiar citar eter chev telale rd vat avn elaveate alate: edie waned 8 cok ais oh ayeiar ta gi hachlee inate ceo 
Front wings with a short marginal fringe, the hind wings not acutely pointed at apex............ 17 


Front wings with a long marginal fringe, the hind wings acutely pointed at apex. Gyrolasia Forster. 


350 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


17. Abdomen short oval, or rotund, shorter than the thorax... 5: ..-. 2. <0... -- sc 00 sscecs sce clsosenvce LO 
Abdomen elongate, conic-ovate or conical, fully as long as, or longer than, the thorax. 
Metanotum not punctate, the abdomen neither cylindrical nor sculptured, the segments not 
subequal, the head and thorax smooth, not strongly sculptured or closely punctate....... 18 
Metanotum very short and punctate, the abdomen cylindrical, sculptured, the segments short, 
subequal, the head and thorax closely punctate or strongly sculptured...Trichoporus Forster. 
18. Metanotum very short, smooth, and often without a median carina ; if the median carina is present it 
is united with a transverse apical carina ; abdomen not longer than the thorax. 
Tetrastichodes Ashmead. 
Metanotum short, with a j-shaped median carina; abdomen very long, conically produced, much 
longer*than the thorax:c 5.5 a. assis <jacctsie ee oleic te eels tale cts os creel eo ELD CLUCLED SE OFSLER. 
19. Species small and short, black or at most zeneous black, the abdomen rotund, never ovate or conically 
POMPOM! Hac 2 coe eelemtos vielen de sie stuleere’s Setdats/etsis| seas eisloeterie reise #elcej/ei SV RLOMOS PNY LIEGE OFS ters 
20. Antenne 8-jointed, without a ring-joint. 


Abdomen ovate or conically pointed. 


Abdomen short rotund..................+20+++++-+++-.-syntomosphyrum Forster (partim). 
Abdomen not short, ovate, or conic ovate..................Tetrastichodes Ashmead (partim). 
21. Scape of antennz normal, neither greatly thickened nor dilated, .................. see ee eeee eee 22 


Scape of antennze enormously enlarged or dilated. 
Front wings with a long marginal fringe ; flagellum filiform, slender, with a short pubescence. 
Ceranisus Walker. 


Front wings with a short marginal fringe..............................Baryscapus Forster. 

99. Antennse 9-jointed, with one cine=jOmt. ee,25ce sere <iaynisl os) a)at i= ole =\o erase ala aya ateteta erate cieel ter ctotet= einen 
Antennsen8-jointed.. with ore erin e=| ON bieneee a tote aera tocera tao Peieke re teenies oes teeter 
23) ihrontelesseswollen\ their tibico SbOrtbs aur ana cee ae ance oie cheer eels acer ec rieenie ea 


Front legs normal, their tibize not short. 
Flagellum long, with long sparse hairs,................+.....-.------Letrastichus Haliday. 
Flagellum not especially long, without long sparse hairs ; metanotum smooth, without a median 


COD TVINA be) sate Shy stay ate 15 eae ane aha ase Seales Sane Lake pee Sooo ele tI Aprostocerus Westwood. 


24, Pronotum transverse quadrate, not short; abdomen oval, shorter than the thorax...Cratepus Forster. 
25. Flagellum clavate, hairy, the funicle 2-jointed, the joints transverse ; pronotum yery short ; abdomen 
ovate, not longer than the thorax..............0.2.0.e.-eeee+++++-++.--Pentastichus Ashmead. 


SuBraMILy LV. ELAcHEerTINe. 
1856. Elachistoide, Family 18 (partim), Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., pp. 19, 26 and 72. 
1875. Elachistina, Tribus (partim), Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., p. 180. 
1886. Elachistinse, Subfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amer., I, p. 198; IL, p. 99. 
1897. Eulophine, Subfamily IV. (partim), Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., IV., p. 
249. 

This subfamily is based upon the genus Hlachertus Spinola, established in 1811. 
Walker changed it to Elachestus which held sway until 1856, when Forster changed 
it to Elachistus, making it the type of his family Elachistoide. I restore the original 


spelling of the genus and call the subfamily Elachertine. The continual change in 


ee Or & - 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES By) 


the spelling of long-established genera is most annoying, confusing and difficult to 
follow and I hold, with many other zodlogists, that the only way to free ourselves 
from these perplexities is to adhere strictly to the original spelling and to treat all 
genera incorrectly formed as mere combinations of letters without special signifi- 
cance. In no other way can we secure permanency in nomenclature. 

All the species falling in this subfamily are apparently parasitic only upon the 
larvee of Lepidoptera, and more especially upon various families in the suborder 
Heterocera, particularly those belonging to the families Bombycidx, Noctuidx, Geo- 
metride and Tortricide. 

Four minor groups, or tribes, have been recognized, distinguished by the num- 
ber and length of the hind tibial spurs. 


TABLE OF TRIBES. 


ie Eind tibiss withvonly:one apical: Spur... 52 << <<..0e ses 0 nm ae ore 2 
Hind tibize with fwo apical spurs. 
Hind tibial spurs very long; pronotum anteriorly acute................Tribe I. Euplectrini. 


Hind tibial spurs normal, never very long; pronotum anteriorly rounded..Tribe II. Ophelinini. 
2. Hind tibial spur normal, rarely very long. ...............0.2.020see20+ees-~ Lribe I. Elachertini. 


TriBe I. Huplectrini. 


This tribe is easily separated from the others by the two very long apical spurs 
of the hind tibize, the inner spur being very nearly as long as the basal joint of the 
tarsi. 

Although parasitic upon lepidopterous larvee, like the other tribes, it differs 
widely from the others, whose habits are known, in that the larvee are either ex- 
ternal feeders, or on reaching maturity, gnaw their way out of their host and spin 
small silk cocoons, like some of the Braconidx, within which they pupate and un- 
dergo their final transformation. All of the others either pupate as naked pupz, 
without a cocoon, within the body of their hosts, or emerge and attach themselves 
to the under or upper side of a leaf, or else conceal themselves in some convenient 
crevice or under loose bark. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


to 


Scape in both sexes normal, slender; postmarginal vein distinctly longer than the stigmal vein. 
Euplectrus Westwood (type Pleromalus bicolor Swederus). 
Seape in male abnormally enlarged, swollen ; postmarginal vein not longer than the stigmal. 
Pachyscapha Howard (type P. insularis How.). 
Rape eat ohcictesascter cine sie talor si baidie uaicieis oe ciia tara aU DLOCEEUB Westwood. 
Scape of antennze enormously enlarged. ..............0.00 ce ee ee cece cece sss -Pachyscapha Howard. 


3. Scape of antennze normal...... 


352 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Trree Il. Ophelinin. 


The much shorter hind tibial spurs separate this tribe from the Huplectrini. 


The pronotum is also different, more rounded anteriorly, and the hind cox are not 


so much swollen. 


It is difficult sometimes to tell whether or not the abdomen is petiolate or ses- 


sile, and in two or three cases I have been compelled to put certain genera in both 


categories, the petiole being so short as to give the abdomen the appearance of being 


sessile. 
TABLE OF GENERA. 
ye) 0: ch eee ee el rien rie eer aaOring soincion eee cod br ovon poemercotadoe todo AS oosaos 
Males 5205 5 eis cial dinttess Sel See aralots 21a oe slates fe Shel Sones onetehe o tate pera etale ohcsoyetevefee earchceiaiertte kerries atareltetste ramet oe 
2. ‘Abdomen: distinetly ‘petiolate | o.ciu dscsictesiwiessteletots cuare to eee aroraleteeeeieere sie eles eee ies cet natch atte tele reer 
Abdomen:sessile:or subsessile its :./ca cy, tacts act onsyoue: 21 olens’s  ereyeseterohstaith tavercysre Geheter = /ciinteestayaisusie cial ieee 
3. Seutellum with-fvo/dorsal’ srooved Mines 5... « a<a-1- tom orl seas eee ieee 
Scutellum! withoutidorsall orooved! Wines ys sceneries. oo me reveroie ates tore etenerehale, etme ene 7 teretersdcte mavevas eae enero tenet me 
4. Body, metallic. ois, ofc yells otesctectecarel fle aor ons ee ioe ss OR ee as Oe ee oe is one REE Piece 
Body not Metallics a; icc siehs avs. &, dis way niss je ees hers «else ae oh eta eeteloleloy eb Seaatereiete Gator cieteieterene meee ene 
5. Byes bare; nob pubescents,;, 1's). e.<ccts, a cciyrosiste wisteiers winieie ee ysiacleleteiz actus ce o eastoamrets toate aorta RCS 
Hiyes: pubescent; -antennse:9-jOIMbed So 4 «, siesee oss) cores) oie sie lore cperete ice clevmelols aiaaioeate das tae cetera 
6. Abdomen ovate or oblong-oval, shorter than the thorax ..... 0.0... 0. sce cere ccce ce ce ccsecserccce ft 


zl 


10. 


Abdomen conic-ovate, not shorter than the thorax, the second segment large ; funicle 4-jointed, the 
joints cylindrical, longer than thick ; metathorax produced into a subglobose neck. 
Scutellum with a median grooved line ; mesothoracic furrows distinct. 
Diglyphomorpha Ashmead, g. noy. (type Diglyphus maculipennis Ashm.). 
Scutellum without a median grooved line ; mesothoracic furrows very delicate although complete, 
appearing incomplete without the aid of a strong lens....................Ardalus Howard 
(type A. aciculatus How.). 
Antenne 9-jointed, the funicle 4-jointed, subcompressed, joints 83-4 wider than long ; scutellum without 
grooved lines, ..........0.20c00ceceeceerseeeees,-ueucodesmia Howard (type L. typica Howard). 
Antenne 10-jointed, the funicle joints longer than wide. 
Seutellum with 2 dorsal grooved lines....................Hlachertomorpha Ashmead, g. noy. 
(type EF. flaviceps Ashmn.). 


Antenne 10-jointed, the funicle 4 jointed, the joints loosely joined ; abdomen globose, the petiole long, 


slender ; scutellum with two grooved lines...................-++.++-.-..-- stenomesius Westwood. 
Antenne 10-jointed), with: one win o=]ointizrnes neice eis ere oko eserer are leave 16 «- aie el overcucetersisiensl cherie any aeeeermeE Cas 
Antennse ‘9-jointed. “with tivo ring] OUnbs 3 eens ee esis olese eles <oliereie ala baat erate eae ote ee 


Antenne 9-jointed, with one ring-joint ; the funicle 4-jointed, eyes pubescent ; funicle joints compressed, 


joints 3-4 wider than long ; abdomen oval or ovate, shorter than the thorax......Leucodesmia Howard 
(type L. typica How.). 

Antenne 9-jointed. 
Pronotum campanulate ; pedicel long, obconic. Miotropis Thomson (type M. sulcicris Thoms.). 
Pronotum quadrate ; pedicel not long...........Dichotomus Forster (type D. acerinus Forst.). 


10*. Body of abdomen oyate as long or longer than the thorax, the petiole very short. 


Sympiesomorpha Ashmead, g. nov. (type S. brasiliensis Ashm.). 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 353 


Body of abdomen subglobose or ovate, much shorter than the thorax, the petiole usually long. 


Stenomesius Westwood (type Ichneumon rufescens Rossi). 


PAREN RI uRLe CIE ID) COTSA) LOO VEXL LLCS: o70\ «crctave cla svoetcie, Warde ee vo 6 ose eee oaks a ete cue e scales LZ 
Henteliam wihout Goreal srooved: WES <0... bis. ss cs ts vb xe ce eee oe ak cove tb eb te sscsth ot setst 18 
12. Antenne 9-jointed. 
Metallic ; scutellum with a median grooved line ; eyes pubescent. 
Diglyphomorpha Ashmead (partim). 
Antennz 10-jointed, with one ring-joint, the funicle 4-jointed, the club 3-jointed. 
Non-metallic ; metathorax with a median carina; marginal vein as long as or a little longer than 
the submarginal, the stigmal vein only about one third the length of the marginal. 
Alophus Ashmead, g. noy. (type A. flavus Ashm.). 
Antenne 10-jointed, with one ring-joint, the club not thickened, tibial spurs short. 
Sympiesomorpha Ashmead, g. noy. (type S. brasiliensis Ashm.). 
13. Antenne 9-jointed, with one ring-joint, the club thickened, 3-jointed ; tibial spurs long. 
Ophelinus Haliday (type Eulophus ursidius Walk.). 
Hare ADO OMEN MISE CL Lyn POM ates uegt so ayer mbes ata, © cele velo ihe. ob oletelenein aie oieeasis ormaue s o\ielete Diclalacisicl.sie) LD 
ND OMENS SCHETG. OF | SILVSCSSN Dax suatare ate = hsvctal'al=s) auc ainto,o/atciis aisyexsen ies afar ate ele) ete lovere ereleloherel vioaretcre eta: sleTeieym Oo) 
Asp SCMEOM UNHe Wilttl 2000) COFSAl STOOV EM MMOH: torey. 25:5 (5 cus 's\ sini o Ala) o/=sepuye etetoreis’ slits iets efe\ateuaiasejereiatareyelelsielsiaiete i LO 
Seateliummuatiout,dorsalleroa ved: Wines. «seas e221 s+ arate Ninny sna 'sy we fore lege cits mole le le alias eleveineaiatod aie a 
Use Mek AACE ITE: Case bc otteerc: Sem OOCNO D REO GU HES DURCE MpecOmUpn iaqcn pepo os DGOD \olaGen UabtO odo, aut) 
BOG YANG URE DALIT coat wee cierciernce vison) c ouate o are’s Jninle fois isla: sia. o/avaiele @ cals eletoyoaleietsmmclcehaeyeineideten citer Le 
Ly ca Dare. tn Ou PUDESCED bs tre ciate. fare e.o cio 22o wie! vol alate a: © iain vores sIa eieualorsle. 4/ttapeieioge cl svesta ctsleke a eee e.ete 3 cesleaye DO) 
Eyes pubescent. 
PAULSEN 44] OM LEG wily ONE: LUN P= ]OUN Gs; ice <ycic|ciet=ie) sie )a]etal slam feral tenela peta lots] ora alah iavatel cle! s)areiel cia) s/ael LO 
Antenne 8-jointed, with one ring-joint. 
18. Scutellum with a median grooved line ; mesothoracic furrows very distinct. Diglyphomorpha Ashm. 
Scutellum without a median grooved line ; mesothoracic furrows very delicate .... Ardalus Howard. 
19. Antenne 9-jointed, with one ring-joint, the funicle 4-jointed, the club ovate, 2-jointed, the flagellum 
compressed, the joints of the funicle excised at apex above..,...............Leucodesmia Howard. 
20. Antenne 10-jointed, with 1 ring-joint, the funicle 4-jointed, the club 3-jointed, the funicle with 3 
branchesssns os Serene ee cree oer canine As osleacamuas Deities a saps leper flea CLCORMUGIE Orster: 
21. Antenne 9-jointed, with two ring-joints. 
Prononmmmcantpanwlatiorniesmta nace eis ale ante or pelestte sl asvele sm mae EROULODIS. homEon, 
Pronofunlguad rater eae lsat ids tic. ae eae) eisls | <lsvelereinig cveisiseice clei diec) aeioejs @DICHOLOMUS ‘Forster. 
22. Seutellum with 2 dorsal grooved lines. LA GOR a AO POR OCU OD SOLE SUL LONGO OF SOR RO SOUCONCORNSO B20) 
Scutellum without dorsal grooved fel Pare ete dl ale cuaralviw' so: apche canal pee eisai s aelays sea Qa aD. 
23. Antenne 10-jointed, with one ring-joint, ‘the finial Ticinted, the LUD. G-] OMICS Ciareretsicieleseleretatel sissese ef 
Antennz 9-jointed, with one ring-joint, the funicle 3-jointed. 
Metallic ; scutellum with a median grooved line................ .. Diglyphomorpha Ashmead. 
24. Non-metallic. 
Abdomen with a very short petiole... .......... 0002 eeee ee eeeeeeee sees es Alophus Ashmead. 
Abdomen with a long petiole. ............ 0... c00e ee eeeeeeee esse. Stenomesius Westwood. 


Antonis) 9-jombed eet ee re ect aereaice tere cite ciaind\s tye Fae penn cies voles: s/s ODHOMNUS Halliday: 


354 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Tripe III. Elachertini. 
This tribe may be at once recognized from the two tribes previously defined by 


the hind tibize having only one apical spur ; otherwise it is scarcely distinguishable 
from the Ophelinini, many genera falling in it being easily confused with some in 
that tribe. 


or 


9. 


10. 


11. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


+ Memalles x5 slave, wees asi cts le Seeevae ares sue ere sale tenctererctouet cichatehol mtenclorote rere ia etele i iohe's testa se tenaote a sateen Tm 
Males. te Yb) gata ovaye¥ Scay are raVeu sve iatetsy clove rate otte’allatevatavfan sie fozsi,e he Sere tel anMen Yet terre enatererer em ae 
fMtiagalen eiotioneie eee ateiA ya's siptniay cise os eveYolonc orelaraver ete) eio. oreve cvs 4 reer lous tater st otal Alcester gelesen 
‘AUaoricti aéchtis or sibececie, 1. i eee tna ene 1 9 5 
. Scutellum with two dorsal grooved lines. 


Body neither wholly black or wholly metallic, more or less yellow or marked with yellow... 4 
Body metallic or wholly black; abdomen ovate, hardly as long as the thorax, or rounded ; 
antennz 9-jointed (or 10-jointed, with one ring-joint), the funicle 4-jointed, the joints not or 
very little longer than thick...............Hlachertus Spinola (type E. abdominalis Spinola). 


. Abdomen conic-ovate, barely longer than the thorax; antennz 10-jointed with one ring-joint, the 
funicle 4-jointed, the joints long, loosely joined, the club 3-jointed, marginal vein very long. 

= ecubellumuwath! wo) dorsal srooved: mesic, heresies lohotes l= lalavesretansetrayaan arouse aiei(cienclal isaac eteaietetats eit 

Scutellumipuzthout dorsaleerooved slimes. i serqeiseseteiaselrleto poten eect acie ake oelielol nial ete oial sider tater (atte 

. Head, viewed from in front, wider than long and not especially thin antero-posteriorly.......... 7 

Head, viewed from in front, much longer than wide, and very thin antero-posteriorly............ 8 


. Body not metallic, the head and thorax marked with yellow. 


Antenne 9-jointed, with one ring-joint, the pedicel much longer than wide, the funicle 3-jointed, 
subcompressed, the club 3-jointed....Cirrospilus Westwood (type C. elegantissimus Westw.). 
Antennz 10-jointed, with one ring-joint, the pedicel short, only a little longer than thick, the 
funicle 4-jointed, the club 3-jointed,.....................-Cirrospiloideus Ashmead, g. noy. 

(type Miotropis platynotz Howard). 

Body metallic ; antenne 10-jointed, with one ring-joint, the pedicel longer than wide, the funicle 4- 
jointed, joints 2-4 not longer than thick............................-Blachertus Spinola (partim). 
Antenne 8-jointed, without a ring-joint or 9-jointed with a ring-joint, the pedicel not much longer than 
wide, the flagellum subcompressed ; body striped or banded with black lines ; wings banded or macu- 


late..................... Gagrammosoma Ashmead n. n. (type Hippocephalus multilineata Ashm.). 
Antennse 8-jointed or. less:: 5.2 scsi aies ciseues woes ea cisicivte © icletalavais ols a at'sra se oie olere! ler ave env eoret terete aU 
Antenne 9-jointed or more. base, Svevvayeue yaseracn je eyeefs ie lore Wioheie tere ojeele rove. sere evens ole ehole eiePelederct etan ces eepeea pee 
Funicle 3-jointed, ash sjouiele An Sa pboonoccon ct amma coontaon OnonOnducoSoSsho sooo ne. Lil 


Funicle 2-jointed, the joints ailbedatneeaars, the iat ovate, 3-jointed. 
Middle lobe of the mesonotum longer than wide ; metathorax very short, the apical lateral 
angles subacute ; abdomen oblong-oyal, depressed.............Scotolinx Ashmead, gen. noy. 
(type S. gallicola Ashm.). 
Mesonotum a little longer than wide ; abdomen conic-ovate ............0eceeeeeceues Olynx Forster 
(type Ichneumon gallarum L.). 
Mesonotum a little wider than long ; abdomen oval or ovate .................. .Parolynx Ashmead 
(type P. lineatifrons Ashm.). 


eontenns 10-jointed, ~withione Ting=joimta).4- sare ae cieheistncie c's seis aieisetsieisioie ee arene oe ee aL 


13. 


14. 


15. 


16. 
gs 


18. 


19. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALOID FLIES 355 


Antenne 9-jointed, with one ring-joint. 
Non-metallic, usually yellowish, or the thorax more or less yellow ; scutellum with 4 bristles ; 
pronotum campanulate ; abdomen ovate or conic-ovate, .....Cirrospilus Westwood (partim). 
Metallic in part; mesonotum not longer than the scutellum ; abdomen broadly rounded, depressed, 
and a little shorter than the thorax..............Rhicnopelte Forster (type R. fulviventris Forster). 
Non-metallic ; mesonotum long; abdomen elongate oval or ovate, usually pointed at apex and longer 
than the thorax. ..................-....stenomesioidea Ashmead, g. noy. (type S. mellea Ashm.). 
NDAOMENECIBtINCL ya pelo laLOre sar tertacaiaara co cchas sete sete rorsaliclels cl eins ’esotolo Sateuniatcreteten ich stenste/oleisieiers (MeveaeLO 
IAB omeniseccilexOna so PSCSSILe ees .van, 5 seitara orcs eeteVe lersta cies clessrsy ols cic erate steer es ea exerz sista lofelipinner ste 
Seutellum with two dorsal grooved lines. 
Bodwmneuuenmetallignor ay lollysDlachkestete ier yete cle tele) ciel oteyelstsis o sleletoleieterolc/sia ekeirtetstelacce seh ininerven LO 
Body metallic or wholly black. 
Antenne 10-jointed, with one ring-joint..........................-Blachertus Spinola. 
Antenne 10-jointed, with one ring-joint. Cirrospiloideus Ashmead. 
Sor Airmen outer Clase Nl fae er lhe Sao Seobins coonce os Oo Coeedecemcdocetns ponbocdddoodgoo ets 
Seutellummeinoutid orsaleen OO VECuliMes: eriateicistererelere ale evers) ster ctetereisieinl ciel e/oliatelciel creiisieur/allevelojey(clatelete?ohavse uns 
Head normal, viewed from in front wider than long or rounded, not especially thin antero-pos- 
OU Od hia ea Estee SeAT SUID EOE GO n eae: Sn ed ones Dace ert on mbcnaurnornp aco Sonanacucocacmne ty 
Head abnormal, viewed from in front much longer than wide and very thin antero-posteriorly...... 20 
Body not wholly metallic, the head and thorax marked with yellow. 
Antenne 9-jointed, with one ring-joint..................+++++++.....-Cirrospilus Westwood- 
Antenne 10-jointed, with one ring-joint.......... ve ceseeeseeesse...Cirrospiloideus Ashmead. 
Body metallic ; antennz 10-jointed, with one ring-joint, the funicle 4-jointed..... .Elachertus Spinola. 


20. Antenn:e 9-jointed with a ring-joint, body striped or banded with black lines; wings banded or macu- 
TehOueeeta eee oeictays SPecheta vers oetsiet = siateisisiels Nslsia dela eal lele| ke siGseiner\n ye Abani Os Ola Ashmead. 
Fil, Maintain lanl: ch ooc69o Sapo denae co ob Cobo on doGdos Sono cadoss spooenme ccobcocamsoudn] Cs 
Aa ED CES OPMAOIAS 4 Gaapiocue co dar cB oon se bancbAcano chobaucoDooboe on aolocetends sou ee: 
22. MTG SBS fOIr Sele ona coocos Ub bs ONOb DOCS SOnGod odo sbasr Sonau Dope bebe ceonr Oe boateg Gy ooDoCGNe! 
Hanicles2=|oin ted Meer eee ce satinis snc neimaieie's eos iotaweo s cleterletelsote sere eVererestee -SCOLOMUK ARh mend. 
28) Mesonotumifongemthanswadensecs jeer cise aa etsilele siasiie\seteeeiuels Seer res et OLV IX HOTetEN. 
Mesonotum a little wider than long..........+cceeeeceeececeeececececeeecess »-baraolinx Ashmead. 

24. Antenne 10-jointed, with one ring-joint. 


NO NETS t allt cee Mere eee eT or tohees coaiehecy-leie vores orsiaie ouereicralelaveleus\eiaiskorraisl [ois everessieers eierekers (H) SOUS. 
Antenne 9-jointed, with one ring-joint. 

(ictal cir ete ei nema: (aslo ear cial siainass deepen toerine ae eelGnopel ve, Horater, 

Non-metallicomnner ence r riers sae cise icisisttic ie ce ec ei sieleinls 1 CALEOSDILLUS Westwood (partim); 


SuBFAMILY V. EULOPHIN®. 


1856. Eulophoide, Familie 19 (partim), Forster, Hym. Stud., IL, pp. 19, 26 and 74. 
1875. Eulophina, Tribus (partim), Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., p. 180. 
1886. Eulophinz, subfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 198; IT., p. 99. 


To this subfamily are restricted all Eulophids having the mesonotum entire or 


only partially divided, the mesonotal furrows being at the most only indicated an- 


teriorly ; otherwise it resembles the others, 


356 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


The species are parasites of the Micro-lepidoptera, and particularly the leaf- 
miners, although other groups are also attacked by them. Some are also said to be 
hyperparasites of other Chalcidoids. 

Most of the species are very small, of brilliant metallic colors, and the antennee 
in many males are ramose or branched. 

Two tribes have been recognized : 


TABLE OF TRIBES. 
Hind tibia with-2iapicalspura, .2 osu oscc see eels ores eens cence cieson lee ene reer) De Meme EHO RrEate 


Hind tibie with one apical spur............ .c.cseccesccccescceceseceeeee- Dribe II, Hemiptarsenini. 


TriBE I. Hulophini. 


In having two apical spurs to the hind tibie this tribe agrees with the Huplec- 
trini and the Ophelinini, in the subfamily Elachertine, but it cannot possibly be 
confused with these tribes, if attention is given to the difference pointed out in the 
mesonotum, the mesonotal furrows being incomplete. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 
pe CMNALES! lepers ere ereroe 


Dea Ss erayact os aia a avictos ene sh oscil aeerte ov evento) hate ehrstesebo ms cettan ere seas oee cM poni Tone atobatate ore ie boate(a anata fo lots etetatek ere memmceal 
2. Seutellum with two dorsal grooved lines....... 

Scutellum attout dorsal proovedslines ccc. cine rears cece terete are rere cnet ater Peley eves si raterer-iaek estas 
3. Antenne inserted below the middle of the face. 

Head seen from in front longer than wide, or as long as wide; stigmal vein about half the 
length of the marginal vein ; pronotum short, rounded anteriorly ; abdomen ovate, depressed 
above ; antenne 8-jointed, with one ring-joint, the funicle two-jointed, the club long, 3-jointed. 

Diaulus Ashmead, g. noy. (type D. begini Ashm.). 

Head seen from in front twice wider than long or nearly ; stigmal vein long, nearly two thirds the 
length of the marginal vein ; pronotum semicircular, not short, narrower than the mesono- 
tum ; abdomen ovate, depressed above, hardly as long as the thorax ; antennz 9-jointed, the 
flagellum subclavate, the funicle fowr-jointed.............. Diaulomorpha Ashmead, g. nov. 

(type D. australiensis Ashm.). 

- 4, Antenne inserted nearer the middle of the face, the scape long. .............. ec ee cece eres cece ees O 
Antennz inserted below the middle of the face;. a2. cocsrec- on «00s os se eee os ees sie seein sere 

5. Thorax long, the pronotum long, conical and much narrower than the mesonotum, but fully as long ; 
head wide, as wide as the thorax, seen from in front a little wider than long; antennze 10-jointed, 

with one ring-joint, inserted a little below the middle of the face, the funicle 4-jointed, the joints 

long, the first much the longest, twice as long as the third, the fourth hardly longer than thick ; 


wings with a discoidal cloud beneath the stigmal vein, the marginal vein very long, more than thrice 


the length of the stigmal...............Notanisomorpha Ashmead, g. nov. (type N. collaris Ashm.). 
6. Marginal vein very long, three or more times longer than the stigmal vein...................222- 7 


Marginal vein shorter, not thrice as long as the stigmal vein, usually only about twice as long..... 8 


7, Antenne 10-jointed, the flagellum more or less compressed, the joints long, the first joint of the funicle 
; ® 


Se 


10. 


ali 


13. 


14. 


15. 


16. 


ili 


18. 


. Wings hyaline, the flagellum not coreed 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES sOt 


much the longest joint; metathoracic spiracles oblong-oval ; abdomen often very long, conically 
pointed, much longer than the head and thorax united.........................Sympiesis Forster 
(type Eulophus sericeicornis Nees). 

Antenne 10-jointed, with one ring-joint, the flagellum not compressed, the funicle joints cylindrical ; 
metathoracie spiracles minute, rounded ; abdomen ovate or oval, depressed, not as long as the head 
and thorax united.................Dimmockia Ashmead,' g. noy. (type Eulophus incongruus Ashm.) 


ME ereeeATI REO USUI ers sports ore esos ws et cies coin re aieTM re Cole avaic ek ciel cielalMo/sratotmeretaeesnam ciclo etek ciate” 


Thorax robust. 
Metathorax with a median carina, the spiracles small, rounded ; antenne 9-jointed, with one ring- 
joint, the funicle 3-jointed, the club 3-jointed, abdomen oval or subrotund, depressed, usually 
shorter than the thorax. ..............Cratotrechus Thomson (type Ichneumon larvarum L.). 
Wings dusky, the flagellum compressed, the parle very short ; metanotum with a median carina. 
Microplectron ae (type Entedon fascipennis Zeterstd.). 
Antennz 9-jointed (scape pedicel, one ring-joint, 3-jointed funicle and a 3-jointed club). 
Funicle black ; metanotum with a distinct median carina, the lateral folds usually present. 
Eulophus Geoffroy (type Ichneumon pectinicornis L.). 
Funicle white ; metanotum with a delicate median carina, the lateral folds always absent. 
Microlycus Thomson (type M. heterocerus Thoms.). 
Scutellum with dorsal grooved Lines... 2... secs ce ae ve cess we ce recs naive dens cesrecceanceiessecse Le 


SOUGHT nh er Tian Grill Pag GG NGEL AS Sse GCOe Gr Dee ONnIbd Sooo Or cc Obed DoepridocroceeneEody HC: 


. Thorax not long, the pronotum anteriorly rounded ; antennz inserted below the middle of the face, the 


flagellum without branches, filiform. 
Stigmal vein not more than half the length of the marginal vein ; antennz 8-jointed. 
Diaulus Ashmead. 
- Stigmal vein longer, at least two thirds the length of the marginal vein ; antennze 9-jointed. 
Diaulomorpha Ashmead. 
Thorax not long, ihe, pronotum of normal lengthiy 24 a2 v3 os sass whee ge © sine olin gees at ein sie se se LE 
Thorax long, the pronotum long, conical and much narrower than the mesonotum ; antennz 10-jointed, 
WIth ONE INE JOM es ewes viceic cise ce cis aiciesrea «aw/cieciele oeisiemisjog seccens oe ac NObBDISOMOLpha, Ashmead. 
Marginal vein very long, three or more times longer than the stigmal vein....................... 15 
Marginal vein shorter, not thrice as long as the stigmal vein ............. cc cece cece cc cece cs cece 16 
Antennz 10-jointed, with one ring-joint. 
Flagellum compressed or subcompressed ; metathoracic spiracles oval or suboyate ; abdomen long. 
Sympiesis Forster. 
Flagellum filiform, cylindrical ; metathoracic spiracles small, round ; abdomen oval. 
Dimmockia Ashmead. 
TPH OKeRE OU COOMBE aia teiete hele tas oof. ok vshaleyeyaie\sCsiere i) 81m 6. «k= (0) sie\/a/aiory. «ay ole sie)sierjel nia] ein Bist a:0y's\0i stoyooimavere. oo ALE 
Thorax robust. 
Metanotum with a median carina and lateral folds ; antennz 9-jointed with 3 long branches. 
Cratotrechus Thomson. 


Winpsiclear’byaline +) Harellnm Nob. COMMPYESSO 2)... twic cnc 00 conc oelec vu mwvseccs welseiciecesece ces LO 
Wings dusky ; flagellum compressed ; funicle with 3 short branches, .........-Microplectron Dalman. 
MUIGIe with orn gare CREA pee toe at Seve clasts oiyrie saiteaidiseasia a= as\sexs|e/sieh ares, o ILLOD UNS; Geottroy. 


Funicle with S:short branches. oo. oc ce cece we ene ocies ve ac ecisnescs oe unneve sc MICrOLyCus Thomson. 
1 Nanfed in honor of Dr. Geo. Dimmock. 


358 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Funicle with 2 long branches..............-.02ece+ceeeeeeeee ee. Dicladocerus Westwood. 
Funicle with 5 long branches..............00ceeceeeeecceeceecess--bentacladia Westwood. 


Tree Il. Hemiptarsenini. 


The single-spurred hind tibize distinguish the tribe; otherwise it is not distin- 


guishable from the preceding tribe. 


The genera are not numerous and may be easily recognized by the characters 


made use of in the following table : 


to 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


5 ETE Gtnaeseng onmtocen caconboo asda osadcenconcces 20008 2 
i Co Peers re Serer tat ns Seer aocicnd da aaontasoxock to popdosoooacnca olde as 2 
Scutellum without dorsalliproovedilinesse- i. sceine setsels cise iieeteteieteletareteteiases tatctanelatelotat tetete eral atoane> 


Scutellum with 2 dorsal grooved lines. 
Antennze 8-jointed (scape, pedicel, one ring-joint, 2-jointed funicle and a 3-jointed club). 
Diglyphus Walker = Solenotus Forst. (type D. poppea Walk.). 
Antennze inserted below the middle of the face. ...... 2020 e+ +2225 ce ccce ce nene ee wecese cscs seccee & 
Antenne inserted on the middle of the face. 
Antenne 9-jointed (scape, pedicel, one ring-joint, 3-jointed funicle and 3-jointed club), the scape 
long, extended beyond the ocelli.... Hemiptarsenus Westwood (type H. fulvicollis Westw.). 


. Antennz 9-jointed with 1 ring-joint, the funicle 3-jointed, cylindrical, the first joint the longest, the 


club 3-jointed.............................-Necremnus Thomson (type Eulophus leucarthrus Nees). 


7 Hcutellum\wahout dorsal erooved |lines../..2)-<:s)e1> cite eal lnteoestobeteteleeiatere ising oat etetee etaleteteinee ie ree 


Scutellum with 2 dorsal grooved lines. 
Antenne 8-jointed, with a ring-joint..............-............02+2--+..- Diglyphus Walker. 


. Antenne inserted below the middle of the face, the scape not extending beyond the ocelli.......... 7 


Antenne inserted on the middle of the face, the scape long, extending beyond the ocelli. 
Hemiptarsenus Westwood. 


. Antenne 9$-jointed, the first three joints of the funicle with a long branch...... Necremnus Thomson. 


Famity LXXII. TRICHOGRAMMID. 


1846. Eulophide, Family II. (partim), Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I., p. 62. 
1856. Trichogrammatoide, Family XXII., Forster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 20, 26 and 


87. 


1897. Trichogrammatine, Underfam., Aurivillius, Entom. Tidsk., 18, p. 250. 


Dr. Arnold Forster was the first to recognize this natural family, which is at 


once distinguished, from all other groups, by the tarsi being 3-jointed, never more 


nor less. 


It comes nearest to the Family Hulophine, where Westwood placed his genus 


Trichogramma in 1840, and apparently forms a connecting link between that family 


and the next, or the Mymaridz. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 359 


In habits the group agrees with the Mymaridzx, all the species falling in it be- 


ing egg-parasites. 
Two subfamilies have been recognized : 


TABLE OF SUBFAMILIES. 


Wings without regular rows of hairs... .........0.cececceccsceceeceeeeees» subfamily I. OLIGOSITINA. 


Wings with regular rows of hairs................00+++eeeeeeeee+-. + SUbfamily II, TRICHOGRAMMINE. 


SuBFrAMILY I. OLIGosITIN ®. 


In the arrangement of the pubescence of the wings this group resembles mos 


t 


closely the Hulophinz, and many of the species, but for the 3-jointed tarsi, could be 


easily mistaken for species in that family. 


Only five genera have been described, but it is probable that very many more 


exist and will be discovered when more attention is given to rearing the egg-para- 


sites of the different orders of insects. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


1. Females . Shcinoeediouogdabe od Hy Sooo mo OnPane sddahocosnde obbooncE actHopaadolednorotoute 

DVLA Sacer ata ct octerelona eh Yoteie aieiatensie) ser erarchais tae ayal Moke erential screenees cererere SenSS cleie s Sureeemiare setae ones LG 

ZANTE NG -AOLs (—] OMUEC AW LLNS OeiTIN OM] OMN Ge arofapavev sia erelan sy oheieleiarere race tieicieis] erereieinte tenicletete Slermelerery ede cee 

Antenne 8-jointed with one ring-joint, the funicle 2-jointed.........Asynacta Forster (type unknown). 

Roe A CONTIG] OLMUC Ee acayoncatersvepei at cseys ailenersierares ja farck ol ch ater aie velaiiavens: ease acehaial ata cea aiotetohelasviatereesTere™ elo eten cota siezeie ar IkO 
Antenne 7-jointed, with a ring-joint. 

Ovipositor NOt Prominent, nc.) 4eilere ns cers |store seis aiehoetelem seyereis oy sid oie ciel siete veel ersten eet ra el aresaccre 


Ovipositor prominent, at least half the length of the long abdomen ; eyes oval; pedicel obconi- 


cal, more than twice longer than thick ; flagellum fusiform, 4-jointed, the single funicle joint 


hardly separable from the club; wings rather narrow with a long marginal fringe. 


Prestwichia Lubbock (type P. aquatica Lubbock). 


4. Funicle 1-jointed, the club 3-jointed. 
Front wings narrow, with a long marginal fringe. 


Front wings without a substigmal fascia; scape straight or clavate, the single funicl 


e 


joint searecely longer than thick; eyes oblong-oval ; metanotum smooth, without a 
CATINA .......2c cece ce ceseeees-- Oligosita Haliday (type O. collina Hal. (Walker). 


Front wings with a substigmal fascia; scape subclavate, arcuate, the single funicle-joint 


much longer than thick ; eyes rounded ; metanotum bicarinate. 


Westwoodella Ashmead, g. noy. (type Oligosita subfasciata Westw.). 


Front wings broad, with a short marginal fringe. ......... Brachista Haliday (type unknown). 

5. ? new genus. 
Ga Ambenncs, 7-]OU bed Ol Less, cwabh OPOiTINO | OUNG tareiersy ole esi c/eiaierateialela x eevalelalel wieiiel als aisla.e/eis ais\ejcPais os aeeees ft 
Antenne 8-jointed, with one ring-joint ......... 0... ee ce ce cece ee eee ee ee eee» Asynacta Forster. 


Vem OLUL ps OVELI &* CCL Stace va fenerer ct ete le tee aie tiehete termi tctsicde tela /ofietarecel/s sv elel ofojsiats atatale ater clare sela/si'sia/ tie’ sie)sicterecsisrsiov cian aig wien © 


Wingless or subapterous. 


Seape slender, pedicel obeonical, about thrice as long as thick at apex, the flagellum fusiform 


360 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


4-jointed, the single funicle joint hardly separable from the club, hind legs very long. 
Prestwickia Lubbock. 
8. Funicle 4-jointed, the club one-jointed. 
Front wings with a Jong marginal fringe. 
Metanotum withowl Caries. .2..0..0 ccs eee «0/es1 = + «sis 010 ee oo) oe eles ON OSiba eaniday= 
Metanotum bicarinate. .............. cece ee cece cecceeee ee.» Westwoodella Ashmead. 
Front wings with a short marginal fringe.................+.0+++eee+ee.+-brachista Haliday. 


SupraMiLy II. TricHoGkRAMMIN®. 

This subfamily is easily recognized by peculiarities of the front wings, the 
pubescence, being arranged in distinct rows or lines, a peculiarity found in no other 
group, except to a slight extent in some genera in the subfamily Hntedonine, of the 
family Hulophine, 

TABLE OF GENERA. 


A. POMAIES «ore eines 0 003.5. 5:5) 08 5 5 io10\0-+ ioe nls “aleliaye oy batoraiaiad. orale stare, ore eters loieie ioe ete imtele elem attra setae Se ae 
2. Veins in front wings forming a regular arch. . anducso 5 Aa esos 'ts aN ootls (eb BChGale LaLa tone re NCES ES 
Veins in front wings not forming a regular arch, BRE oe CR ORE OnEAC saa ea 


3. Antennze 8-jointed, the flagellum clavate, the fanicle 2-jointed, the joints transverse. 
Body short, robust....................+...+...-Poropea Forster (type P. stollwerckii Forst.). 
4, -Antennse7-jornted or less:.j22.cstaacs.crsinoe wee coe cick aceite Breen OTe Tee ee eee 
Antenne 8-jointed (scape, pedicel, one ring-joint, a 2-jointed funicle and a 3-jointed club). 
Trichogramma Westwood (type 7. evanescens Westw.). 
Antenns: 6-jomMted Ox LESS... s/cisre's ais ealete les aelneis SASS oie eyen ie CLA E ER OEE oR a ice Tae ereR Re eee eee: 


oa 


Antenne 7-jointed. 
Wings with'a shortmarginall fringes: a7. 2 os.5cvenie 225 troeroretielaee se rem acteueeas estan Teme 
Wings with a long marginal fringe............Chatostricha Haliday (type C. dimidiata Hal.). 
6. Antenne with the club 4-jointed (scape, pedicel, one ring-joint and a 4-jointed club). 
Lathromeris Forster (type L. scutellaris Forst.). 
. Antennse'3= or 6-jointed) without. ring-jOit.. 2... cei siesmeinere ee eae ello eaae= oie eee emia ee 


~I 


Antenne 6-jointed, with a ring-joint (scape, pedicel, one ring-joint, a 2-jointed funicle and a solid club). 
Abdomen shorter than the thorax....... Xanthoatomus Ashmead, gen. noy. (type X. ). 
Abdomen subcylindrical, longer than the thorax..........................Pentarthron Riley 

(type Trichogramma minutum Riley). 
8. Antenne 3-join ted... 5 ss... 5 3:¢ My trois ec, ciee creiel ele sist wieleleecbadercucio eves ore: siclare bplcehetnc et een ie amneS) 
Antenne 6-jointed, the age 3 jointed (seape, ae a 1-jointed funicle ea a 3-jointed ality, 
Postscutellum not distinct, without a triangular projection..................Centrobia Férster 
(type Trichogramma Walkeri Forst.). 
Postscutellum distinct, with a triangular projection....................Paracentrobia Howard 
(type P. punctata How.). 
9. Club not jointed. 
Marginal fringe not especially long, the marginal vein not more than twice as long as the stigmal 
VOIDS oo.s.cceiese's oc) eereiefaleisin sisyniajae ors anieusie eicia/sl ac ctalsieisieis's a's ein 5:2 siaieinmoiee DEO NOSCAMMESEITaOG: 
10. :Antennss:7-jointed) Or Jess... <5 aves o soctes ete rareteictchet Steins joie acontaie fara eraveie Bros ecole een Eo eSEE Re OL 
Antenne 8-jointed, 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 361 


Veins of front wings forming a regular arch; flagellum filiform. ............ Poropea Forster. 

Veins of front wings not forming a regular arch...................-Trichogramma Westwood. 

ie AMICON O-} OMICS OL OSS osc oars oie se ele > isthe oie cb < ie le ie, Srerab eto (sre Go avale oh sist efekive (araltnle ieinib axehireler saualeseafeel Le 

Antenne 7-jointed. 

Wings with a very long marginal fringe....................+2+-+++++--++-Chetostricha Haliday. 
Wings with a short marginal fringe. 

Club of antenne 4-jointed .. 2.2... 0... eee cc ce cece cece cee eescceeeeess Lathromeris Forster. 

Club of antenne S-jointed. .... 2... .... ccc ce cece seen cece ceccecessece ee -Lentarthron Riley. 

12. Antenne 6-jointed (scape, pedicel, a 1-jointed funicle and a 3-jointed club), marginal vein about 

thiep as lonpvasiihe stigmale. on skies coven on sce cc larearo Seize «os stele caren tive ele dns COMELODIA HOTS br. 


Antenne 3-jointed (scape, pedicel and a long, solid club); marginal vein not more than twice the 
length of the stigmal vein.....................Aprobosca Westwood (type A. erosicornis Westw.). 


Famity LXXIII. MYMARID. 

1833. Mymares, Tribus 5", Haliday, Ent. Mag., I., p. 341. 

1839. Mymaride, Family 17, Haliday, Hym. Syn., p. II. 

1840. Mymarides, Subfamily 6 (Family Proctotrypidee), Westwood, Intro. Mod, 
Class. Ins. Synop., p. 78. 

1856. Mymaroid, Familie 28, Forster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 20, 27 and 116. 

1897. Mymaride, Family LX XIII., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 
236. 

This group was correctly defined by A. H, Haliday, first as a tribe and after- 
wards as a distinct family. 

In 1833 in speaking of it he says: ‘This tribe comprises the very atoms of the 
order Hymenoptera. Their hues are mostly black or yellowish, unadorned by 
metallic splendor: the plumed and iridescent wings of many are beautiful objects 
for the microscope. The males, by their very long and slender antennz (sometimes 
more than twice the length of the body), resemble Ichneumons in miniature.” 

Every species belonging to the family lives parasitically in the eggs of other 
insects, and in habits agree with the Trichogrammidz. 

Stephens, Curtis, Walker, Westwood, Forster, Thomson and most systematists 
treat the group as a component of the Proctotrypoidea and Dr. von Dalla Torre in 
his Catalogus H. ymenopterorum follows these older authorities and treats it as a sub- 
“family in the Proctotrypide. More than ten years ago I pointed out the structural 
characters that excluded the group from having any affinity with these insects ; 
they are widely distinct in many particulars and form a compact natural family in 
the Chalcidoidea, as was first pointed out by Haliday so many years ago. My exten- 
sive studies into all groups of the Hymenoptera have only confirmed and empha- 
sized the correctness and soundness of Haliday’s views, the ablest systematist of 
his day, and his views should preyail. 


362 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Two subfamilies have been defined, separated by the number of joints in the 
tarsi. 

TABLE OF SUBFAMILIES, 

Parsi: 5-jOMteds ct. Seicccce ioe ciktine ser ee ae ene eR taeiee ite tees 


...... Subfamily I. GONATOCERINE. 


Warsi 4-jomnted. 21.0: Sha. f bate ccna cela sci eieinsicieee a seco stele is ste oio aisle Ved pisinrs JOEL OLDE VU mV NACE CAs 


SuspraMILy I. GoNATOCERIN2. 


The subfamily is easily recognized by the longer tarsi which are always 5-jointed, 
never 4-jointed. 


Two tribes may be distinguished by the following simple characters : 


TABLE OF TRIBES. 
Abdomen, petiolatio'...s sp-'sjr.cciserstvic ool oe ab Saree sat clas aloleeiae a eave sire eee eran oes DLN eMay ONCLOnINS 


Abdomen “petiolate. o:o2 visas ssehslo cre. sine eee aoe aero aiaie acs era aR ee Tee En Deol ea GOnaTO Cents 


Tree [. Ooctonini. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 

V., Pemialesy.:; 5 oocdicoo.c0 aclescersels oe eeioaree 1a eeie tela ain evel eke eital ais stars olatais otatatet eerste tomer ra te ole atele oeane remns 
1 EW ea ae aa a a EO eer ae ater et OSU IACI TATOO ATIOI DOG OACOOOO 
2, Antenne 11-jointed.....................2.+.+-++-+------ Ooctonus Haliday (type O. insignis Hal.). 
Antenne 9-jointed. .. 2.2.0.2... 202.0022 ee ee ee ees. Camptotera Forster (type C. papaveris Forst.). 
8, Antenne T3-jomnteds: 5 ssertayciacteo hale & Ae acto eseve eels tepunione mete eie .........OQoctonus Haliday. 
(?) Paleomyrmar Meunier (type P. suecine Meunier). 

Ambennze #1 Q=join ted. trees sc ayctea lentes era ene eaielere sonar ska a ioieloneie eters naers CARLO be LAR ELOUS uel 


Trise Il. Gonatocerini. 


The distinctly petiolated abdomon distinguishes the tribe. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 
Ws Mem ales vac f 55 ec iSrevs chase le yatesete Rus toate exe as Pa eee ee eee 


Wales, 32 5 orate iateVnv a, avses CA SRO iets ale vases ere wtesieenes 


2, Antenne more: than’ 8-jolnted 4 see cns)-cce ee eee eee Ee ee ee ce aerate 


bo 


co He bo 


Antenne 8-jointed. 


Marginal vein long............................+..-. -eimacis Forster (type L. rufula Forst.). 


.......Alaptus Haliday (type A. buscalus Hal.). 
........-Litus Haliday (type L. cynipseus Hal.). 
? = Malfattia Meunier (type M.molitore Meun.). 


.....-Gonatocerus Nees (type G. longicornis Nees). 
A. Marginalsyem Short, ... tices beware ees Ge ee ee ee as oO 


Marpinallivein) SHOUb«saj-t.'< testa ce etait eee 


8. Antennze 9-jointed; marginal vein long............. 
Antenne 11-jointed; marginal vein short.......... 


Marginal vein long. 


Antenne 11-jointed............ .......Leimacis Forster. 


Aniennz TS jointed i. ie; 2 aero ee eee oe ROTTS ahieee eee ieee PL LOLS praia 
5., Antenn10-jointed 2%... 06; ascent ee ee OEE ........Alaptus Haliday. 


Antennse. 13=join ted. .0% sis. iain abv seidns- cue Gita Sel eee sole Roe MUR oie tier ice oe Eee Gala LocennsaNines: 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 363 


SuBFAMILY IJ. MymMmarinz. 


In this subfamily fall some of the smallest Hymenoptera known, hardly visible 
to the naked eye, and living parasitically in the eggs of some other small insect. 

The group is distinguished by having the tarsi 4-jointed, not 5-jointed as in the 
Gonatocerine. 


It is divided by the attachment of the abdomen into two tribes. 


TABLE OF TRIBES. 
ADA OMEN Sessa Ol SUUSPSSIMOntealae cele aiceisieVctelave: siete Siettwsl sie wie we slrticieieennelsicieteie oleate ELING Ls -Anaphini. 


AAOMeNT GIShINCty MEMOlaber ie -lesiele Moeuiisistesl ee cites sr ciejaieniesics lateteeie wee TING LN. 0 Vivant. 


TriBE I. Anaphini. 


The sessile abdomen distinguishes the tribe. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 
iL, TAG HAAIGIS «aan Bo dane be pe ccccus Hoo doen On OCU DOUG nome Chacootadmunnnodas DO Oona naan Opan mono: Le 
TANGA ere sera archer arate iney cist sve teiaks arate hala tohcheva 'ale\ lolol ovale 2, oraliays 'erorere/s oi sjataiaielelolaeioiiehetaleroronciele/avataistseps 
2. Antenne more than 8-jointed RE eR deans Ce ace RAC REDE pire Sr) os et 0G eee 
Antenne 8-jointed...............0.0+000+0+-+-.-..,Anthemus Howard (type A. chionaspidis How.). 
3. Antenne 9-jointed. 
Marginal vein lengthened.......................Amaphes Haliday (type A. fuscipennis Hal.). 
Marginal vein not lengthened...............Anagrus Haliday (type Ichneumon atomus Linné). 
£) ANTONN ES MOLE CHAanl 9-jOUMPEH ss .:5.5 ce c.e)0 os sie)eim sie 510i vin oie) eisicele sln!ain n/e] sieiisle einyeisieis/sisie's ns/si\ ein ois os ssienisie © 
Antenne 9-] OMNlEd ine titate oe hoot oie > clea ais hiia@ale esterase ole ric ehinteis cisineeeat =) CRRUMOIMUS JELo ward. 
Antenne 12-jointed ; marginal vein long ............-2--e+eeeeeeeeeeeeeeesss+..Anaphes Haliday. 


or 


Antenne 18-jointed ; marginal vein short... ..............eeseeeceee eee eeve sess. Anagrus Haliday. 


Trise Il. Mymarini. 


In this tribe the abdomen is always distinctly petiolate, never sessile. 


. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 
Le HOM aera rcterretvce cet tet tie ta ISP eaToie a) pre ciceicvelar sravoin > siteis| sc oisleP aie! atarnccltsia/iawsya'Sin/aqele cers1's\steiejs sijes[niei ie e/e bjajete 
WENEEY ca ale jinbp cals telcos Goue Te cGlbd 10 bs Be Sembee nem Oimaoinripe (Ur cd'oro.3.00005.0, UG. ico poumee or 
Loatiinell intel, winypomey ls 5 ch Bod dandpopuGe Gs ceo DURA en acIsaab Dp soUbotocOOe sO Np ORD OO nnGodt <<: 


“1 bo 


bo 


EMAY ET NEN CATO ON NEG) ny a GG URITE GOR SOc. COINEO OU OO DO CODDDOTE UD EXO dnd COO OU SR OOURGOeimcDe a: 
3. Marginal vein long; tarsi short ...................... Bustochus Haliday (type LZ. atripennis Hal.). 
Marginal vein short; tarsi long ...................-Doryclytus Forster (type D. vitripennis Forster. 
4. Marginal vein either lengthened or punctiform, but never wholly absent..............-.....-.... 6 
Marginal and other veins absent. 

Hind wings wanting or aborted ; front wings neither spoon-shaped nor much broadened at apex, 
Sometimes Split IntostwO! PALtS eras se je os\eeleri= eco cnlne anealceceieaseereresee sig viecesscecce O 

Hind wings present, normal; front wings spoon-shaped ; antennie 9-jointed. 
Mymarilla Westwood (type M. taprobanica Westw.). 


364 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


5. Front wings widened only at apex and with a long marginal fringe ; antennz 9-jointed. 
Mymar Haliday (type M. pulchellus Hal.). 
Front wings not wide, sometimes split at apex ; antennz apparently but 3-jointed. 
Packardiella Ashmead (type Pteratomus putmanii Pack.). 
6. Antenne 9-jointed. 
Marginal vein punctiform............... Polynema Haliday (type Ichnewmon ovulorum Hal.). 
Marginal vein lengthened. 
Metanotum without a carina ................. Stichothrix Forster (type S. cardui Forst.). 
Metanotum with two carinz...............Ceraphractus Haliday (type C. cinctus Hal.). 


=I 


,, Marginal vein jpanebiformior lene thened in. ac cerccayels ote tetsperclisisters (ofoeola misied siatsioaee esr te ake ancl eet eee 
Marginal vein and all others absent or wanting. 
Front wings narrow, usually somewhat broader toward apex, or linear or split at apex; hind 
Wings Usuallys absent Ona OLLEC maces retoletenee= atelola sfeioleletelenasteteeiateretetehste i tetetstal= tetany 
Front wings broad, spoon-shaped ; hind wings entire. 
Antenne 13-jointed ... 22.5.0. c ccc cane cdescntccacccecscovsss Dymarilla Westwood. 
8. Front wings not split at apex; antenne 13-jointed .............................. Mymar Haliday. 
Front wings linear or split at apex; antennee (?) imperfect...................Packardiella Ashmead. 
9; Marginal vein lengthened > i007. «os. see ssc e sec wo oll eee oe eens nie lem Srleceies Ge slewin rte Rare ne 
Marginal vein punctiform. 
Antennise: 13-joinited!. .:2,2/-15 ssc ssoje aloes ce chide ek ee ninco wictisoinie Teen eee oar OLY MEI A ISIE A Ve 
10. Antenne 10-jointed ; metanotum smooth, without a carina....................--Stichothrix Forster. 
Antenne 11-jointed ; metanotum bicarinate ..........................+.-..-.-Ceraphractus Forster. 


GENERA UNKNOWN TO AUTHOR AND NOT CLASSIFIED. 

Chalcites Heer (Fossil), Vierteljahrschr. naturf. Ges. Zurich, I., 1856, p. 26. (Type 
C. debilis Heer.) 

Cynipsichneumon Christ, Naturg. d. Insect., 1791, p. 877. (Type not mentioned.) 

Lycus Walker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1848, p. 114. (Type L. origo Walker.) 
Belongs evidently to the Microgasteride. 

Norbanus Walker, Ann. Soc. ent. France (2), L, 1843, p. 158. (Type NV. dysaules 
Walker.) 

Peridesmia Forster, Hym. Stud., I1., 1856, p. 65. (No type given.) 

Prionopus Dalman, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLVI. 1825, p. 393. (No type 


given.) 


GENERA INcoRRECTLY PLACED WITH THE CHALCIDOIDEA. 
Agonophorus Dalman, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Forhl., XIV., 1857, p. 287. 
(No type given.) 
Belongs evidently to the superfamily Proctotrypoidea. 
Diplalepis Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 149 (= Diastrophus). 
3elongs to the superfamily Cynipoidea, family Cynipide. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 365 


Macrostigma Rondani, Bull. Soe. ent. Ital., [X., 1877 (= Megastigmus Dalman). 
Belongs to the superfamily Proctotrypoidea, family Ceraphrenine. 

Trichacis Provancher, Add. Fn. Hym. du Canada, 1887, p. 207 (= Beus Haliday). 
Belongs to the superfamily Proctotrypoidea, family Scelionine. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE GENERA. 
A. 
Ablerus Howard, Ins. Life, VII., 1894, p. 7. (Type Centrodora clisiocampe Ashmead.) 
Acanthochalcis Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Amer., I., 1884, p. 100. (Type A. nigrescens Cameron.) 
Acanthometapon Ashmead, gen. noy., ante., p. 314. (Type A. clavicornis Ashmead.) 
Acerophagus Smith (Emily) (= Metallon Walker), No. Am. Ent., I., 1880, p. 83. 
Acrias Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X.X., 1847, p. 29. (Type A. nitens Walker.) 
Acroclisis Férster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XXXYV., 1878, p. 43. (Type A. nigri- 
corns Forster.) 
Acrocormus Férster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 66. (Type A. semifasciatus Thomson.) 
Acrostela Shipp (= o\ Thoracantha Latreille), The Entom., XX VITI., 1894, p. 188. 
Adelencyrtiis Ashmead, Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, XXIT., 1900, p. 341. (Type Eneyrtus chiona- 
spidis Howard.) 
/Enasius Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XVII., 1846, p. 180. (Type A. hyettus Walk.) 
Aolomorpha Dalla Torre (= Aiolomorpha Walker), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 352. 
/Epocerus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XX XV., 18, pp. 158, 160. (Type Ae. excavatus 
Mayr.) 
Atroxys Westwood, Walker et al. (= Htroxys Westw.). 
Agamerion Haliday, Trans. Ent. Soe. London, III., 1843, p. 298. (Type Miscogaster gelo Walker.) 
Agaon Dalman, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Hand., XX XIX., 1818, p. 69. (Type A. paradoaum Dalm.) 
Ageniaspis Dahlbom, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Férh., XTV., 1857, p. 292. (Type Encyrtus 
fuscicollis Dalm.) 
Agrianisa Walker (= Sycobia Walker), The Entom., VIII., 1875, p. 16. 
Aiolomorpha Walker, Notes on Chale., Pt. 1, 1871, p. 12. (Type A. rhopaloides Walk.) 
Alaptus Haliday, Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., II., 1840; Synop., p. 79. (Type A. fuseulus 
Hal.) 
Alophus Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 353. (Type A. flavus.) 
Allocera Sichel, Ann. Soc. ent. France (4), V., 1865, p. 879. (Type A. bicolor Sichel.) 
Alloderma Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 278. (A. maculipennis Ashmead.) 
Amblymerus Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, pp. 303, 306. (Type A. dubius Walker.) 
Ametellon Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 344. (Type A. chapade Ashmead.) 
Amotura Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., I., 1884, p. 130. (Type A. annalicomis Cameron.) 
Anacryptus Kirby, Journ, Linn. Soc. London, Zodl., XXVI., 1883, p. 56. (Type Hpitranus 
impulsator Walk.) 


366 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Anagrus Haliday, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, p. 346. (Type Ichnewmon atomus Linné.) 

Anagyrus Howard, Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, X VIII., 1896, p.638. (Type A. greenii Howard.) 

Anaphes Haliday, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, p. 346. (Type A. fuseipennis Hal.) 

Anastatus Motschulsky, Etud. entom., VIII., 1859, p. 116. (Type A. mantoide Motschulsky.) 

Aneristus Howard, Can. Ent., XX VII., 1895, p. 351. (Type A. ceroplaste Howard.) 

Aneure Nees (= Elasmus Westw.), Hym. Ichn. affin. Monogr., IT., 1834, p. 194. 

Anoglyphis Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XX XV., 1878, p. 49. (Type A. nubilosa 
Forst.) 

Anogmus Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 59. (Type A. strobilorwm Thomson.) 

Anthophorabia Newport ( = Melittobia Westwood) Gard. Chronicle, 1849, p. 183; Trans. Linn. 
Soe. London, XXI., 1852, p. 81; pl. 8, f. 4-6. 

Anthemus Howard, Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, X VITI., 1896, p. 649. (Type A. chionaspidis How.) 

Antigaster Walsh (= Anastatus Motschulsky), Amer. Ent., I., 1869, p. 156. 

Antrocephalus Kirby, Journ, Linn. Soc. London, Zool., X VII., 1883, p. 63. (Type Haltichella 
fascicornis Walk.) 

Anusia Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 32. (Type Ectroma fulvescens Westw.) 

Anysis Howard, Can. Ent., XX VIII., 1896, p. 167. (Type A. australiensis How.) 

Aperilampus Walker, Notes on Chale., Pt. 4, 1871, p. 67. (Type Perilampus discolor Walker.) 

Aphidencyrtus Ashmead, Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, X XII., 1900, pp. 340, 347. (Type Eneyrtus 
aphidiphagus Ashmead.) 

Aphelinus Dalman, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI., 1820, p. 181. (Type Entedon abdomi- 
nalis Dalman.) 

Aphobetoideus Ashmead, gen. noy., ante p. 8328. (Type A. comperei Ashm.) 

Aphobetus Howard, Can. Ent., XX VIII., 1796, p. 166. (Type A. maskelli Howard.) 

Aphycus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXV., 1875, p. 695. (Type Hneyrtus apicalis 
Dalman.) 

Apoerypta Coquerel (= 37 Sycophaga Westwood, partim). 

Apocrypta Coquerel. (Type A. perplewa Coquerel.) Rev. et Mag. de Zool. (2), VII., 1855, p. 
369. 

Apocryptophaga Ashmead, g. nov., ante, p. 238. (Type Chalcis explorator Coquerel.) 

Aprobosca Westwood, Trans. Linn. Soc. London (2), I., 1878, p. 592. (Type A. erosicornis Westw.) 

Aprostocetus Westwood, Phil. Mag. (3), I]., 1833, p. 444. (Type A. caudatus Westw.) 

Arachnophaga Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, LV., 1896, p. 18. (Type Hupelmus picea 
Howard.) 

Aratus Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zoél., XXVI., 1896, p. 155. (Type A. scutellatus 
Howard.) 

Archimus Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XX VI., 1896, p. 154. (Type A. oceupatus 
Howard.) 

Ardalus Howard, Journ, Linn, Soc, London, Zool., XX VI., 1896, p. 161. (Type A. aciculatus 
Howard.) 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 367 


Arescon Walker (= Litus Haliday), Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X VIII., 1846, p. 49. 

Arretocera Kirby, Journ. Linn, Soc. London, Zoél., XX VII., 1883, p. 56. (Type Epitranus 
albipennis Walk.) 

Arrhenophagus Aurivellius, Ent. Tidskr., [X., 1888, p. 144. (Type A. chionaspidis Auriv.) 

Arthrolysis Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 52. (Type Pteromalus scabriculus Nees.) 

Arthrolytus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 158. (Type A. punctatus Thomson.) 

Asaphes Walker, Ent. Mag., IT., 1834, p. 151. (Type A. vulgaris Walk.) 

Asecodes Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 79. (Type A. nitens Forster.) 

Aseirba Cameron (= Cerchysius Westw. teste Howard), Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., I., 1884, p. 
127. 

Asemantus Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XXXV., 1878, p. 51. (Type A. amphi- 
bolus Forst. ) 

Ashmeadia Howard (= Rileya Ashmead), Can. Ent., XXI., 1889, p. 59. 

Aspidiotiphagus Howard, Ins. Life, VI., 1894, p. 229. (Type Coccophagus citrinus Craw.) 

Aspidocoris Costa (= Scutellista Motsch.), Bull. Accad. natural. Napoli, 1863, p. 24. 

Aspirhina Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soe. London, Zool., XVII., 1883, p. 60. (Type Halticella dubi- 
tator Walk.) 

Asteropeus Howard, Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, XXI., 1898, p. 232. (Type A. primus Howard.) 

Astichus Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 78. (Type A. arithmeticus Forst.) 

Astymachus Howard, Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, XX., 1898, p. 238. (Type A. japonicus Howard. 

Asynacta Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 87. (Type unknown.) 

Atropates Howard, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, XXI., 1898, p. 236. (Type A. collinsi Howard.) 

Aulogymnus Forster (= Cirrospilus Westwood), Verh. d. naturh, Ver. pr. Rheinl., VIII., 1851, 
p. 24. 

Axima Walker, Trans. Ent. Soe. London (3), I., 1862, p. 373. (Type A. spinifrons Walk.) 

Aximogastra Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 261. (Type A. bahie Ashm.) 

Aximopsis Ashmead, ante, p. 259. (Type A. bahiw Ashm.) 


B. 

Bactryischion Costa (A) (= Podagrion Spinola), Mem. Accad. Se. Napoli (2), IT., 1857, p. 223. 

Beocharis Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XV., 1875, p. 767. (Type B. pascuorwm 
Mayr.) 

Beotomus Forster (= Micromalus Walker), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 145. 

Balcha Walker (= Eusandalum Ratzeburg), Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), L., 1862, p. 394. 
(Type B. cylindrica Walker.) 

Baryscapus Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 84. (Type unknown.) 

Bellerus Walker (= 3 Lophocomus Haliday), Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1843, p. 32. (Type 
B. anaitis Haliday.) 

Belonea Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 146. (Type B. australica Westw.) 

Belonura Ashmead, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., X XITI., 1896, p. 224. (Type B. singularis Ashmead.) 


368 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Bephrata Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., I., 1884, p. 109. (Type B. ruficollis Cameron.) 
Berecyntus Howard, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XI., 1898, p. 238. (Type B. bakeri Howard.) 
Blaphonira Holmgren ( = Podagrion Spinola), Eng. Resa, Ins., 1868, p. 438. 
Blastophaga Gravenhorst, Uebers. Arbeit. Schles. Ges. f. Valerl. Cultur., I., Jahr., 1826-27, p. 

23. (Type Cynips psenes Linné.) 
Blastothrix Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XX V., 1875, p. 697. (Type Encyrtus sericeus 

Dalman.) 
Blatticida Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 305. (Type B. pulehra Ashm.) 
Blepyrus Howard, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, XXI., 1898, p. 234. (Type B. mexicanus How.) 
Bootania Dalla Torre (n. n. for Metamorpha Walk.), Wien Ent. Zeitg., XVI., 1897, p. 86. (Type 

Metamorpha leucospoides Walk.) 
Bothriothorax Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forstius., I., 1844, p. 209. (Type Eneyrtus clavicornis Dalm.) 
Bothryothorax Kirchner (= Bothriothorax Ratzb.), Cat. Hym. Eur., p. 273. 
Brachista Haliday, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), VII., 1851, p. 211. (Type unknown.) 
Brachycaudonia Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 283. (Type B. californica Ashm.) 
Brachycrepis Ashmead (= Bubekia Dalla Torre), Can, Ent., XX., 1888, p. 176. 
Brachysticha Forster (= Brachista Haliday), Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 88. 
Brasema Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., I., 1884, p. 124. (Type B. brevispina Cam.) 
Bruchophagus Ashmead, Entom. Amer., IV., 1888, pp. 42, 43. (Type B. borealis Ashm.) 
Bubekia Dalla Torre (n. n. for Brachycrepis Ashm.), Wien Ent. Zeitg., XVI., 1897, p. 84. (Type 

Brachyerepis tricarinata Ashmead.) 

C. 

Cacotropia Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Natural. Moscow, XX XVI., 1863, p. 36. (Type C. echidna 

Motschul.) 
. Cenacis Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 64. (Lype C. grandiclava Thomson.) 
Cenocrepis Thomson (= Xenocrepis Forster), Hym. Skand., V., 1875, p. 51. (Type C. arenicola 

Thomson.) 
Culleptiles Haliday (= Trichogramma Westw.), Ent. Mag., I., 1833, p. 340. (Type C. latipennis 

Hal.) 
Callimomus Thomson, Hym. Skand., TV., 1875, pp. 60, 76. (Type C. scaposus Thoms.) 
Callimone Spinola (= Torymus Dalman), Ann. mus. hist. nat., X VIT., 1811, p. 148. 
Callipteroma Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Natur. Moscow, XXXVI., 1863 (2), p. 35. (Type C. 

5-guttata Motsch.) 
Calliopteroma Dalla Torre (n. n. for Callipteroma Motschulsky), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 307. 
Callitula Spinola (s. descrip.) = Micromelus Walker and Pteromalus Swederus (partim), Ann, mus. 

hist., nat., XVIT., 1811, p. 151. 
Calocerinus Howard, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, XV., 1892, p. 368. (Type Tetracnemus floridanus 

Ashm.) 
Calyostichus Ashmead (err, imp. for Colyostichus Mayr) Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zodl., XXV., 

1894, p. 152. j 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 369 


Cameronella Dalla Torre (n. n. for Panthalis Cameron), Wien ent. Zeitz., XVI., 1897, p. 87. 
(Type Panthalis blackburnii Cam.) 

Camptoptera Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, pp. 116, 119, 144. (Type C. papaveris Forst.) 

Caraphractus Haliday, Ann. Mag. Nat., X VIII., 1846, p. 52. (Type C. cinetus Haliday.) 

Caratomus Thomson (= n. n. for Cratomus Dalman), Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 45. 

Cardiogaster Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Natural. Moscow, XXXV., 1863, p. 72. (Type C. fusei- 
ventris Motschulsky.) 

Catolaceus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 152. (Type C. cavigena Thomson.) 

Caudonia Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), V., 1850, p. 125. (Type C. agylla Walk.) 

Cea Haliday, Ent. Mag., IV., 1837, p. 356. (Type C. pulicaris Hal.) 

Cecidostiba Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 92. (Type C. rugifrons Thomson.) 

Cecidoxenus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 274. (Type C. nigrocyaneus Ashm.) 

Centrobia Forster, Hym. Stud., II., p. 87. 

Centrodora Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XX XYV., 1878, p. 66. (Type C. amena 
Forst.) 

Cephaleta Motschulsky, Etud. entom., VIII., 1859, p. 173. (Type C. purpuriventris Motsch.). 

Cerambycobius Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 1896, p. 17. (Type Hupelmus cleri 
Ashm. ) 

Ceranisus Walker, The Entom., I., 1840, p. 6; pl. N, f. 2. (Type Cirrospilus pacuvius Walker.) 

Cerapterocerus Westwood, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI., 1833, p. 495. (Type C. mirabilis Westw.) 

Ceratomus Dalman (= Oratomus Dalman), Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLIIT., 1822, p. 495. 
(Type Cynips megacephalus Fabr.) 

Ceratoneura Ashmead, Jour. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XXV., 1894, p. 178. (Type C. petiolata 
Ashm.) 

Ceratosmicra Ashmead, gen. noy. ante, p. 251. (Type C. petiolata Ashm.) 

Ceratosolen Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXYV., 1888, p. 164. (Type C. appendicu- 
latus Mayr.) 

Cerchysius Westwood, Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag. (3), I., 1832, p. 128. (Type Eneyrtus sub- 
planus Dalm.) 

Cercobelus Walker, Ent. Mag., V., 1837, p. 48. (Type C. jugeus Walk.) 

Cerocephala Westwood, Mag. de Zool., II., 1832, Pt. 4, T. 4. (Type C. corriger Westw.) 

Oheetospila Westwood (= Cerocephala Westw.) Thesaur. Ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 173. 

Cheetosticha Haliday, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), VII., 1851, p. 210. (Type C. dimidiata Hal.) 

Chetostrine Forster (=n. n. for Cheetostricha Hal.), Hym. Stud., I1., 1856, p. 89. 

Chaleaspis Howard, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, XVII., 1895, p. 606. (Type C. pergandei How.) 

Chaleidectes Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), X., 1852, p. 47. (Type C. maculicornis Walk.) 

Chaleis Fabricius, Mant. Insect., I., 1789, p. 272. . (Type Vespa minuta Linné.) 

Chalcitella Westwood, Proc. Zodl. Soe. London, IIT., 1835, p. 56. (Type C. evanioides Westw.) 

Chaleites Heer (fossil), Vierteljahr. naturf. Ges. Zurich, I., 1856, p. 296. 

Chaleodectes Dalla Torre (n. n. for Chaleedectes Walker), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 186. 


370 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Chaleura Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zodl., XX., 1886, p. 30. (Type Eucharis deprivata 
Walk.) 

Charitolophus Férster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XX XV., 1878, p.70. (Type C. ceru- 
lescens Forst.) 

Charitopus Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 31. (Type C. fulviventris Forst.) 

Chartocerus Motschulsky, Etud. entom., VIIT., 1859, p. 171. (Type C. musciformis Motsch.) 

Cheiloneurus Westwood, Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag. (3), III., 1833, p. 343. (Type C. formosus 
Westw.) 

Cheiropachys Westwood, Zool. Journ., [V., 1828, p. 25. (Type Sphex colon Linné.) 

Chestomorpha Ashmead, Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, X XIT., 1900, pp. 335, 343, 370. (Type C. 
biformis Ashm.) 

Chiloneurus Forster (n. n. for Cheiloneura Westwood), Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 32. 

Chirocera Latreille (= Hippota Walker), Gen. Crust. et Ins., [V., 1809, p. 26. (Type Chalcis 
pectinicerus Latreille.) 

Chirocerus Brullé (= Kapala Cameron), Hist. nat. d. Ins., 1V., 1846, p. 571. 

Chirolophus Haliday, Ann. Soc. ent. France (4), II., 1862, p. 115. (Type C. eques Haliday.) 

Chiropachus Agassiz (n. n. for Cheiropachys Westw.), Agassiz, Nom. Zool., Hym., 1848, p. 77. 

Chiropachys Thomson (n. n. for Cheiropachys Westw.), Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 32. 

Choreia Westwood, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI., 1833, p. 122. (Type Encyrtus ineptus Dalman.) 

Choreius Westwood (n. n. for Choreia Westw.), Lond. & Edinb, Phil. Mag. (3), X., 1839, p. 444. 

Choria Vollenhoven (n. n. for Choria Westw.), Schets., 1871, Tab. 7. 

Chryseida Spinola, Mag. de Zool., X., 1840, p. 7. (Type C. superciliosa Spin.) 

Chrysoatomus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 342. (Type C. Zealandicus Ashm.) 

Chrysocharis Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 47. (Type C. femoralis Forst.) 

Chrysocharodes Ashmead, Jour. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XX V., 1894, p. 177. (Type C. petio- 
lata Ashm.) 

Chrysocharoideus Ashmead, ante. (Type Chiysocharis thoracicus Ashmead.) 

Chrysoglyphe Ashmead, Jour. Linn. Soc. London, Zoodl., XXV., 1894, p. 160. (Type C. apicalis 
Ashm.) 

Chrysolampus Spinola, Ann. mus. hist. nat., XVII., 1811, p. 147. (Type C. splendidulus Spin.) 

Chrysomalla Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XVI., 1859, p. 115. (Type C. roseri 
Forst.) 

Chrysonotomyia Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 344. (Type Hulophus auripunctatus Ashmead.) 

Chrysoplatycerus Ashmead, Can. Ent., XXI., 1889, p. 38. (Type Rileya splendens How.) 

Chrysopophagus Ashmead, Ins. Life, V., 1894, p. 246. (Type C. compressicornis Ashmead.) 

Cirrospiloideus Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 354. (Type Miotropis platynote How.) 

Cirrospilus Forster nec Westwood (= Stenomesioidius Ashm. part), Hym. Stud., I., 1856, p. 74. 

Cirrospilus Westwood, Phil. Mag. (3), I., 1832, p. 128. (Type C. elegantissimus Westw.) 

Cleonymus Latreille, Gen. Crust. et Ins., [V., 1809, p. 29. (Type Ichnewmon depressus Fabr.) 

Cleptimorpha Walker, Notes on Chale., Pt. 5, 1872, p. 84. (Type C. binotata Walker.) 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 371 


Cleptomorpha Dalla Torre (n. n. for Cleptimorpha Westw.), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 185. 

Closterocerus Westwood, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI., 1833, p. 419. (Type C. trifasciatus Westw.) 

Coccidencyrtus Ashmead, Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, X XI1I., 1900, pp. 339, 345. (Type Encyrtus 
ensifer How.) 

Coccobius Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forstins., IIT., 1852, p. 175. (Type unknown.) 

Coceophagus Westwood, Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag. (3), III., 1833, p. 344. (Type C. pulchellus 
Westw.) 

Coccophoctonus Ashmead, Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, X XTT., 1900, pp. 337, 344 and 375. (Type 
C. dactylopii Ashm.) 

Ceelocyba Ashmead, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1900, p. 344. (Type C. nigrocincta Ashm.) 

Coclogaster Schrank (= Leucospis Fabr.), Schrift. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berlin, I., 1780, p. 303. 

Ceelopisthia Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 65. (Type Pteromalus cephalotes Walker.) 

Celopisthus Thomson (= n. n. for Celopisthia Forst.), Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 168. 

Celops Kriechbaumer (= Kriechbaumenella Dalla Torre), Berlin. ent. Zeitschr., XX XIX., 1894, 
p- 316. (Type Celops palbebrator Kriechb.) 

Ceenocercus Thomson (= Eehthroplexis Forster), Hym. Skand., [V., 1875, p. 145. 

Colas Curtis, Brit. Ent., [V., 1827, p. 166. (Type C. dispar Curtis.) 

Colax Curtis (= n. n. for Colas Curtis), Guide Brit. Ins., 1829, p. 6. 

Colotrechnus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 46. (Type C. subewruleus Thomson.) 

Colyostichus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXV., 1885, p. 158. (Type C. longipes 
Mayr.) 

Comedo Schrank (= Cratotrechus Thomson), Faun. Boica, II., 1802, p. 308 [p. p.]. 

Comys Forster (= Encyrtus Latreille), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 144. 

Conura Spinola, Mag. de Zool., VII., 1837, p. 180. (Type C. flavicans Spinola.) 

Copidosoma Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forstius., I., 1844, p. 157. (Type C. boucheanus Ratzeb.) 

Coruna Walker (= Pachycrepis Forster), Ent. Mag., I., 1838, pp. 871 and 379. 

Coryna Reinhard (= Pachyerepis Forster), Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., I., 1857, p. 87. 

Corynocera Nees (= Pirene Haliday), Hym. affin. Monogr., II., 1854, p. 123. 

Cosmocoma Forster (= n. n. for Polynema Haliday), Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, pp. 117, 120. 

Crantor Haliday (= Aphelinus Dalman, wingless form), Ent. Mag., I., 1833, p. 268. 

Cratepus Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XXXYV., 1878, p. 62. (Type C. aquis- 
granensis Forst.) 

Cratomus Dalman, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLII., 1820, p. 72. (Type Cynips megacephalus 
Fabr.) 

Cratotrechus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 219. (Type Ichneumon larvarum Linné.) 

Cricellius Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 102. (Type C. decipiens Thomson.) 

Critogaster Mayr (= & Trichaulus Mayr), Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXYV., 1888, pp. 160, 
199. ; 

Crossogaster Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXV., 1885, pp. 156, 159, 189. (Type ©. 


triformis Mayr.) 


372 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Cryptopristus Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 43. (Type Torymus caliginosus Walk.) 
Cryptoprymna Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 56. (Type Prosodes atra Walk.) 
Cryptoprymnus Thomson (= Cryptoprymna Forster), Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 22, 
Cycloneura Dahlbom, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Forh., XTV., 1887, p. 295. 
Cyniphoctonus Reinhard (= Olynx Forster), Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., I1., 1858, p. 22. 
Cynipsichneumon Christ (= Cratotrechus Thomson), Naturg. d. Ins., 1791, p. 378. 
Oynipsillum Lamarck (= Perilampus Latreille), Hist. anim. s. Vert., TV., 1817, p. 156. 
Cyrtogaster Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, pp. 371, 381. (Type C. vulgaris Walker.) 
Cyrtosoma Curtis (= Ormyrus Westwood), Perris Ann. Soc. ent. France, [X., 1840, p. 96. 


1D} 

Dasyglenes Ashmead (= Epistenia Westwood), Can. Ent., XX., 1888, p. 74. 

Decatoma Spinola, Ann. mus. hist. nat. XVII., 1811, p. 151. (Type Diplolepis adonidum 
Rossi.) 

Decatomidea Ashmead, Ent. Amer., [V., 1888, pp. 42, 43. (Type D. wanthochroa Ashm.) 

Decatomothorax Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 273. (Type D. gallicola Ashm.) 

Derostenus Westwood, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI., 1833, p. 495. (Type D. gemmeus Westw.) 

Destefania Dalla Tarre (n. n. for Sternodes Stefani), Wien. Ent. Zeitg., 1897, p. 88. (Type 
Sternodes pusateri Stefani.) 

Diamorus Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, p. 159. (Type Torymus armatus Boheman.) 

Diaulomorpha Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 356. (Type B. australiensis Ashm.) 

Diaulus Ashmead (n. n. for Diglyphus Thomson nec Walker), ante, p. 356. (Type D. begini Ashm.) 

Dibrachys Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 65. (Type Pteromalus boucheanus Ratzeburg.) 

Dicellocerus Menzel (= Mira Shellenberg), Stettin ent. Zeitg., X VII., 1855, p. 270. 

Dichalysis Forster (n. n. for Psilocera Walker, 3), Hym. Stud., IT., 1855, p. 52. 

Dichotomus Forster, Verh. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XX XYV., 1878, p. 48. (Type D. acerinus 
Forster.) 

Dicladocerus Westwood, Phil. Mag. (3), I., 1832, p. 128. (Type D. westwoodii Stephens.) 

Dicormus Forster (= Cyrtogaster Walker), Beitr. Monogr. Pteromal., 1841, p. 38. 

Dicyclus Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, pp. 371, 455. (Type D. lynastes Walk.) 

Diglochis Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 65. (Type Pteromalus omnivorus Walk.) 

Diglyphomorpha Ashmead, gen. novy., ante, p. 352. (Type Diglyphus ? maculipennis Ashmead.) 

Diglyphis Thomson (= Diaulus Ashm.), Hym, Skand., V., 1878, p. 235. 

Diglyphus Thomson (= Diaulus Ashmead), Hym. Skarid., V., 1878, p. 208. 

Diglyphus (Haliday) Walker, List. Chalcid. Brit. Museum, IT., 1848, p. 235. (Type D. poppea 
Walk.) 

Dilocantha Shipp, The Entom., XX VII., 1894, p. 188. (Type Theracantha flavicornis Westw.) 

Dilophogaster Howard (= Tomocera Howard), Ent. Amer., II., 1886, p. 98. 

Dimachus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, pp. 50, 52. (Type C. arenicola Thomson.) 


Dimmockia Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, 357. (Type Eulophus incongruus Ashm.) 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES Sl} 


Dinarmus Thomson, Hym. Stud., V., 1878, p. 56. (Type D. acutus Thomson.) 

Dinocarsis Forster (n. n. for Huscapus Dahlbom), Hym. Stud., I1., 1856, p. 38. (Type Eneyrtus 
hemipterus Dalm.) 

Dinotus Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 66. (Type D. bidentulus Thomson.) 

Dipara Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, pp. 371, 373. (Type D. petiolata Walker.) 

Diplectron Dahlbom (= Euplectrus Westwood), Ofvers. Svensk, Vet.-Akad. Forh., XTV., 1857, 
p- 292. 

Diplodontia Ashmead, Ent. Amer., [V., 1888, p. 87. (Type Smiera carolina Ashm.) 

Diplolepis Fabricius nee Olivier (= Diastrophus Hartig), Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 149. 

Dirhicnus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 170. (Type D. subceruleus Thomson.) 

Dirhinus Dalman, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XXXIX., 1818, p. 75. (Type D. excavatus 
Dalm.) 

Dirrhinus Dalla Torre (n,n. for Dirhinus Dalman), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 367. 

Discodes Forster (= Phanodiscus Forster), Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 32. 

Disema Forster, Verh. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XX V., 1875, p. 54. (Type D. pallipes Forster.) 

Doriclytus Forster, Linn. entom., II., 1847, p. 226. (Type D. vitripennis Forster.) 

Doryclitus Dalla Torre (n. n. for Doriclytus Forster), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 428. 


E. 
Ecdamua Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 8387. (Type E. macrotelus Walk.) 
Echthroplectis Dalla Torre (n. n. for Echthroplexis Forster), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 243. 
Echthroplexis Forster, Hym. Stud., I1., 1856, p. 33. (Type Cenocercus puncticollis Thomson.) 
Ecrizotes Forster, Progr. Realsch. Aachen, 1861, p. xxxiii. (Type 2. monticola Forster.) 


Ectroma Westwood, Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag. (3), III., 1833, p. 344. (Type Eupelmus rufus 
Dalman.) 


Eisenia Ashmead, gen. noy. ante, p. 233. (Type 2. mexicana Ashm.) 

Elachertomorpha Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 352. (Type . flaviceps Ashm.) 

Elachertus Spinola, Ann. mus. hist. nat., XX VIL, 181-, p. 151. (Type &. abdominalis Spin.) 

Elachestus Walker (n. n. for Elachertus Spinola), List. Chale. Brit. Museum, I., 1848, p. 68. 

Elachistus Thomson (n. n. for Elachertus Spinola), Hym. Skand., V., 1878, pp. 187, 191. 

Elasmus Westwood, Philos. Mag. (3), III., 1833, p. 343. (Type Lulophus flabellatus Fonscolombe.) 

Elatus Walker, List. Chale. Brit. Museum, II., 1848, p. 153. (Type E. thene Walk.) 

Enargopelte Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XX XV., 1878, p. 62. (Type 4. obscura 
Forster.) 

Encarsia Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XXXYV., 1878, p. 65. (Type £. tricolor 
Forster.) : 

Encyrtaspis Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 290. (Type E. brasiliensis Ashm.) 

Encyrtus Latrielle, Gen. Crust. et Ins., [V., 1809, p. 81. (Type Chrysis infidus Rossi.) 

Endomychobius Ashmead, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXIIT., 1896, p. 227. (Type 2. flavipes 
Ashm.) 


3714 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Eniaca Kirby, Journ, Linn. Soe. London, Zo6l., XVII., 1883, p. 57. (Type Chaleis hesperidum, 
Rossi.) 

Enneasmicra Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 252. (Type Smiera eximanius Walk.) 

Enneatoma (Spinola) Dahlbom (= Eurytoma Mliger), Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Férh., XIV. 
1857, p. 292. 

Entedon Dalman, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI., 1820, p. 136. (Type E. cyanellus Dalman.) 

Epiclerus Haliday (= Tetracampe Forster), Trans. Ent. Soc. London, III., 1843, p. 297. 

Epicopterus Westwood, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI., 1833, p. 418. (Type E. choreiformis Westw.) 

Epiencyrtus Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, X XII., 1900, p. 340. (Type Eneyrtus thyreo- 
dontis ‘Ashm.) 

Epineus Walker (= Cerocephala Westwood), Ent. Mag., I., 1833, p. 368. 

Epineoideus Ashmead, gen. noy., ante. (Type 2. melanocephalus Ashm.) 

Epineus Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soe. London, Zodl., X VII., 1883, p. 58. (Type Smicra dua Walk.) 

Epipteromalus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 319. (Type E. algonquieniis Ashm.) 

Kpistenia Westwood, Griffiths’ Anim. Kingd., Ins., IT., 1832, p. 432. (Type E. ceruleata Westw.) 

Epitelia Kirby, Journ, Linn. Soc. London, Zoél., X VIL, 1883, p. 61. (Type Chalcis stylata 
Walk.) 

Kpitranus Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, pp. 21, 26. (Type E. fulvescens Walk.) 

Eretomocerus Haldeman, Am. Journ, Sci. & Arts (2), [X., 1850, p. 111. (Type £. corni Hal- 
deman.) 

Ericydnus Walker, Ent. Mag., 1V., 1837, p. 363. (Type Encyrtus longicornis Dalman.) 

Eriophilus Haldeman (= Aphelinus Dalman), Penn. Farm. Journ., August, 1851, p. 130. 

Erotolepsia Howard, Journ, Linn, Soc. London, Zoodl., XXV., 1894, p. 99. (Type E. compacta 
How.) 

Etroxys Westwood, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI., 1833, pp. 121 and 495. (Type E. pulcherrimus 
Westw.) 

Euchaleis Dufour, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 1861, p. 8. (Type 2. miegii Dufour.) 

Eucharis Latreille, Hist. nat. Crust. et Ins., ITI., 1802, p. 210. (Cynips adsendens Fabr.) 

Eucharissa Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1868, Proc., p. xxxvi. (Type E. speciosa 
Westw.) 

Euchrysia Westwood, Thes. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 139. (Type E. cleptidea Westw.) 

Eucomys Forster (n. n. for Comys Forster (= Hncyrtus Latr.), Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 32. 

Kudecatoma Ashmead, Entom. Amer., [V., 1888, pp. 42, 43. (Type E. batatoides Ashm.) 

Euderus Haliday, Trans. Ent. Soe. London, III., 1843, p. 298. (Type Entedon amplus Walker.) 

Euderus Thomson nec Haliday (= Trichoporus Forster), Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 276. 

Ludoxima Walker (= Eudoxinna Walker), Notes in Chale., Pt. 1V., 1871, p. 55. 

Eudoxinna Walker (n. n. for Sosvetra Walk.), Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 207. 
(Type Soswxetra transversa Walk.) 

Eulophopteryx Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 341. (Type 2. chapade Ashmead.) 


Eulophus Geoffrey, Hist. abr. Ins., II., 1762, p. 312. (Lype Ichneumon pectinicornis Linné.) 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES Shes. 


Euneura Walker, Ann. & mag. nat. hist., XIV., 1844, p. 331. (Type 2. augarus Walk.) 

Eunotus Walker, Ent. Mag., IT., 1834, p. 497. (Type /. eretaceus Walk.) 

Euophthalmoneyia Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 339. (Type E. pallidopes Ashm.) 

Euoxysoma Ashmead, Ent. Amer., IV., 1888, pp. 42, 43. (Type Systole brachyptera Ashm.) 

Eupelminus Dalla Torre (n. n. for Uroeryptus Westwood), Wien. ent. Zeitg., X VI., 1897, p. 85. 
(Type Uroeryptus excavatus Westwood.) 

Eupelmus Dalman, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI., 1820, p. 377. (Type 2. memnonius Dalman.) 

Euperilampus Walker, Notes in Chale., pt. 4, 1871, p. 67. (Type Perilampus gloriosus Walk.) 

Euplectrus Westwood, Philos. Mag. (3), I., 1832, p. 128. (Type Pteromalus bicolor Swederus.) 

Eupristina Saunders, Trans. Ent. Soe. London, 1883, p. 5. (Type /. masonii Saund.) 

Eupsilocera Westwood (n. n. for Psilocera Walker), Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., IT., 1844 ; Synop., p. 69. 

Eurycephalus Ashmead (= Eurycranium Ashm.), Indian Museum Notes, 1903, p. 61. 

Eurycranium Ashmead, n. n. for Lurycephalus Ashm. preoe. ante, p. 326. (Type E. aleocki Ashm.) 

Eurydinota Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XXXV., 1878, p. 42. (Type EL. lepto- 
mera Forst.) 

Euryischia Howard, Rep. U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1888-89, p. 92. (Type LE. lestophoni Howard.) 

Euryophrys Forster, Hym, Stud., IT., 1856, p. 144. (Type Calypso serratule Hal.) 

Euryrhopalus Howard, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, XX1I., 1898, p. 237. (Type E. sehwarzi How.) 

Euryscapus Forster (= Mira Schellenberg), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 32. 

Eurytoma Illiger, Rossi, Faun. Etrus., 2°, 11, 1807, p. 128. (Type E. planata Mliger.) 

Eurytomocharis Ashmead, Entom. Amer., IV., 1888, pp. 42, 43. (Type E. minuta Ashm.) 

Eusandalum Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forstius., IIT., 1852, p. 199. (Type 2. abbreviatum Ratzeb.) 

Euscapus Dahlbom (= Dinocarsis Forster), Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Férh., XTV., 1857, p. 
292. 

Eusemion Dahlbom, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Férh., XIV., 1857, p. 292. (Type Encyrtus 
corriger Haliday.) 

Eustochus Haliday, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, p. 349. (Type E. atripennis Haliday.) 

Eustypiura Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 261. (Type £. bicolor Ashm.) 

Eutelus Walker, Ent. Mag., IT., 1834, p. 356. (Type E. vulgaris Walk. Q, dilectus Walk. 3.) 

Eutriche Nees (= Polynema Haliday (partim) = Ooctonus Haliday (partim), Ichn. aftin. Monogr., 
IT., 1834, p. 196. 

Eutrichosoma Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 291. (Type 2. mirabile Ashm.) 

Exochlenus Shipp, Ent. Mo. Mag., XX VII, 1894, p. 245. (Type Leucospis anthidioides Westw.) 

Erurus Philippi (= Trichoporus Forster), Stettin. ent. Zeitg., XXXIV., 1873, p. 296. 


F. 
Flabrinus Rondani (= Mymar Haliday), Bull. Soe. ent. Ital., [X., 1877, p. 180. 
Forsterella Dalla Torre (n. n. for Hyperbius Forster), Wien. ent. Zeitg., XVI., 1897, p. 86. 
(Type Hyperbius flavipes Forster.) 
Froggattia Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 238. (Type F. polita Ashm.) 


376 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


G. 


Galearia Brullé (= Thoracantha Latreille), Hist. natur. Ins. Hym., IV., 1846, p. 527. 

Ganahlia Dalla Torre (n. n. for Derostenus Thomson, (partim) = Pediobius Walker), Wien. ent. 
Zeitg., XVI., 1897, p. 85. 

Ganosoma Mayr (= 3 Idarnes Walker), Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXV., 1885, pp. 160, 
202. 

Gastracanthus Westwood (= Heteroxys Westwood), Mag. Nat. Hist., VI., 1833, p. 121. 

Gastrancistrus Westwood, Lond. & Edinb. Philos. Mag. (3), I., 1833, p. 444. (Type G. vagans 
Westw.) 

Geniocerus Ratzeburg (= 3 Tetrastichus Haliday), Ichn. Affin. Monogr., IT., 1848, pp. 174; tab. 
3, f. 21. 

Gitognathus Thomson (n. n. for Spheripalpus Forster), Hym. Skand., [V., 1876, pp. 220, 232 
(Type Spheripalpus viridis Forster.) 

Glyphe Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, pp. 168, 170. (Type G. autumnalis Walk.) 

Glyphomerus Forster (= Oligosthenus Forster), Hym. Stud., I1., 1856, p. 43. 

Gnatho Curtis (= Metopachia Westwood), Guide Brit. Ins., 1829, p. 6. 

Gonatocerus Nees, Ichn. affin. Monogr., II., 1834, p. 192. (Type G. longicornis Nees.) 

Goniocerus Ratzeburg, vide Geniocerus. 

Goniogaster Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXV., 1885, pp. 157, 241. (Type G. vari- 
color Mayr.) 

Gyrolasia Férster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 145. (Type Pteroptrix menes Walker.) 


lef 


Habritys Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 54. (Type Pteromalus brevicornis Ratzeburg.) 

Habrocytus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 109. (Type Pteromalus albipennis Walker.) 

Habrolepis Forster, Hym. Stud., I1., 1856, p. 34. (Type Encyrtus dalmani Westwood.) 

Habrolepoidea Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zoél., XXV., 1894, p. 90. (Type H. glauca 
How.) 

Habrolepopteryx Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXIT., 1900, p. 330. (Type Psilophrys 
pulchripennis Ashm.) 

Halidayella Dalla Torre (n. n. for Halidea Forster, = Metapelna Westwood), Wien. ent. Zeitg., 
XVL, 1897, p. 85. 

Haldea Forster (= Metapelma Westwood), Hym., Stud., II., 1856, p. 31. 

Halizoa Forster (n. n. for Urolepis Walker), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 145. 

Halticella Forster (n. n. for Haltichella Spinola), Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 29. 

Haltichella Spinola, Ann. mus. hist. nat., XVII., 1811, p. 148. (Type Chalcis pusilla Fabr.) 

Halticoptera Spinola, Ann. mus. hist. nat., XVII., 1811, p. 148. (Type Diplolepis flavicornis. 
Spinola.) 

Harmolita Motschulsky (= Isosoma Walker), Bull. soc. natural. Moscow, XXXV., 1863, p. 58. 
(Type H. longicornis Motsch.) 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 377 


Harmolyta Dalla Torre (n. n. for Harmolita Motschulsky), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 154. 


Hemeenasius Ashmead, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, XXII., 1900, p. 336. (Type H. confusus 
Ashmead.) 


Hemencyrtus Ashmead, Proc. U. 8, Nat. Museum, XXII., 1900, pp. 337, 344. (Type H. her- 
bertii Ashmead.) 

Hemiptarsenus Westwood, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI., 1833, p. 122. (Type H. fulvicollis Westw.) 

Hemitorymus Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 243. (Type H. thoracicus Ashm.) 

Hemitrichus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 54. (Type H. rufipes Thomson.) 

Henicetrus Thomson (= Ecrizotes Forster), Hym. Skand., [V., 1875, p. 190. 

Henicopygus Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXII., 1900, p. 329. (Type H. subapterus 
Ashmead.) 

Heptocondyla Rondani, Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., [X., 1877, p. 182. (Type Pteromalus wnicolor Koll.) 

Heptomerus Rondani (= Chrysocharis Forster), Bull. Soe. ent. Ital., VI., 1874, p. 133. 

Heptasmiera Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 252. (Type Smiera obliterata West.) 

Herbertia Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zodl., XXV., 1894, p. 98. (Type H. lucens 
Howard.) 

Heterandrium Mayr (= 3 Colyostichus Mayr, partim), Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XX X., 1885, 
pp- 157, 158. 

Heterandrium Mayr, /oc. cit. supra. (Type H. biannulatum Mayr.) 

Heteranthrellus Howard, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI., 1898, p. 239. (Type H. australiensis How.) 

Hetroxys Westwood (n. n. for Etroxys Westwood), Intro, Mod. Class. Ins., I1., 1840 ; Synop., p. 71. 

Hexacladia Ashmead, Ins. Life, III., 1891, p. 456. (Type H. Smithii Ashm.) 

Heydenia Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 46. (Type H. pretiosa Forst.) 

Hexasmiera Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 242. (Type Smiera transversa Walk.) 

Hippocephalus Ashmead (= Zagrammosoma Ashmead), Bull. No. 8, Kansas Exp. Sta. 18, App., 
vii. (Type H. multilineatus Ashm.) 

Hippota (Haliday) Walker, Notes Chale., Pt. 3, 1871, p. 47. (Type Chalcis pectinicornis Latr.) 

Hockeria (Leporte) Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, pp. 21, 34. (Type H. dexius Walk.) 

Holaspis Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXIV., 1874, p. 83.° (Type Yorymus militaris 
Boheman.) 

Holexus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 104. (Type H. dichrons (Dalm.) Thomson.) 

Holcencyrtus Ashmead, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, X XIT., 1900, pp. 339, 346. (Type H. dichrous 
Thomson.) 

Holcopelte Forster (= Horismenus Walker), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 78. 

Holeopeltoideus Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 341. (Type H. petiolatus Ashm.) 

Holcothorax Mayr (= Ageniaspis Dahlbom), Verh. Zool.-bot Gesell. Wien, XX V., 1875, p. 691. 

Homalopoda Howard, Journ. Linn, Soc. London, Zool., XXV., 1894, p. 90. (Type H. cristata 
How.) 

Homalotylus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XX V., 1875, p. 752. (Type Eneyrtus flam- 


inius Dalm.) 


378 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Homoporus Thomson, Hym, Skand., V., 1878, p. 66. (Type Pteromalus fulviventris Walker.) 

Hontalia Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., I., 1884, p. 112. (Type H. cerulea Cam.) 

Hookeria Holmgren (n. n. for Hockeria Walker), Freg. Eug. Resa. Ins., 1868, p. 436. 

Hoplocrepis Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, I., 1890, p. 235. (Type H. albiclavus 
Ashmead.) 

Hoplopsis Destefani, Natural. Sicil., VITI., 1899, p. 140. (Type H. mayri, Destefani.) 

Horismenus (Haliday) Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1843, p. 117. (Type H. eleodora 
Walker.) 

Hormocerus Forster (n. n. for Ormocerus Walker), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, pp. 59, 60. 

Howardia Dalla Torre (= Howardiella Dalla Torre), Wien ent. Zeitg., X VI., 1897, p. 86. 

Howardiella Dalla Torre (n. n. for Howardia Dalla Torre), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 228. (Type 
Bothriothorax peckhami Ashm.) 

Hubbardiella Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 839. (Type H. arizonensis Ashm.) 

Hybothorax Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forstius., I., 1844, p. 209. (Type H. graffii Ratzeb.) 

Hyperbius Forster (= Forsterella Dalla Torre), Verh. d. naturb. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XX XYV., 1878, 
p- 58. 

Hyperteles Forster (n. n. for Oxyomorpha Forster), Hym. Stud., I1., 1856, p. 84. (Type 
Eulophus elongatus Forster.) 

Hypopteromalus Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 320. (Type Pteromalus tabacum Fitch.) 

Hypsicamera Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 52. (Type H. ratzeburgii Forst.) 


Ife 

Idarnella Westwood (= Philotrypesis Forster), Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p. 37. 
Idarnes Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XII., 1848, p. 47. (Type I. carme Walk.) 
Idoleupelmus Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, [V., 1896, p. 13. (Type I. annulicornis 

Ashm.) 
Isanisa Walker (= Sycophila Walker), The Entom., VIII., 1875, p. 15. 
Ischnopsis Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, [V., 1896, p.161. (Type J. ophthalmica Ashm.) 
Isocratus Forster (n. n. for Asaphes Walker), Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, pp. 53, 58. 
Isocyrtus Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, pp. 371, 465. (Type I. letus Walker.) 
Isodromus Howard, Rep. U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1886, p. 488. (Type J. icerye Howard.) 
Isomerala Shepp, The Entom., XX VII., 1894, p. 188. (Type Thoracantha coronata Westw.) 
Isoplata Forster, Hym. Stud., I1., 1856, p. 60. (Type I. geniculata Forster.) 
Isosoma Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1832, p. 13. (Type Ichnewmon verticillata Fabr.) 
Isosomacharis Ashmead, Ent. Amer., LV., 1888, pp. 42, 43. (Type J. sulcata Ashm.) 
Isosomodes Ashmead, Ent. Amer., 1V., 1888, pp. 42, 43. (Type Jsosoma gigantea Ashm.) 
Isosomorpha Ashmead, Ent. Amer., 1V., 1888, pp. 42, 45. (Type I. europe Ashm.) 


K. 
Kapala Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., I., 1884, p..102. (Type Hucharis furcata Fabr.) 
Koebelea Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 238. (Type K. australiensis Ashm.) 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 379 


Kradibia Saunders, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p. 28. (Type K. cowanii Saund.) 
Kriechbaumerella Dalla Torre (n. n. for Celops Kreichbaumer), Wien. ent. Zeitg., X VI., 1897, p. 


84. (Type Celops palpebrator Kriechb.) 


L. 
Ivelaps Dalla Torre (n, n. for Lelaps Haliday), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 184. 
Teesthia Haliday (= Cerocephala Westwood), Ent. Mag., [., 1833, p. 335. 


Letocantha Shipp, the Entom., XX VIT., 1894, p. 188. (Type Thoracantha nasua Walker. ) 

Lamrostylus Forster (= Chrysolampus spin.) Hym. Stud., IL., 1856, p. 42. (Type L. punctatus 
Forster.) 

Lamprotatus Westwood, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI., 1833, p. 121. (Type Z. splendens Westw.) 

Larradomorpha Stadelman, Berlin. ent. Zeitschr., XX XVIT., 1892, p. 238. (Type L. insignis 
Stadelm.) 

Lasionychus Shipp (= Uromelia Kirby), The Entom., XX VII., 1894, p. 188. 

Lathromeris Forster, Hym. Stud.; II., 1856, p. 87. (Type ZL. scutellaris Forster.) 

Lecaniobius Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, [V., 1896, p. 17. (Type L. cockerellii Ashmead.) 

Leimacis Forster, Linnean Entom., II., 1847, p. 208. (Type L. rufula Forst.) 

Lelaps Haliday, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XII, 1843, p. 47. (Type Merostenus sodales Walker.) 

Leptomastix Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 34. (Type L. histrio Mayr.) 

Leucaspis Burmeister (n. n. for Leucospis Fabricius), Arch. f. Naturg., I., 1845, p. 47. 

Leucodesmia Howard, Ins. Life, VII., 1895, p. 403. (Type L. typica How.) 

Leucopsis Olivier (n. n. for Leucospis Fabricius), Eneyel. Méthod. Inseet., VIT., 1792, p. 531. 

Leucospis Fabricius, Syst. ent., 1775, p. 36. (Type L. dorsigera Fabr.) 

Limacis Dalla Torre (n. n. for Leimacis Forster), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 430. 

Liocarus Thomson (= Prionomastix Mayr.), Hym. Skand., [V., 1875, pp. 115, 121. 

Lioterphus Thomson, Hym. Skand., TV., 1875, pp. 60,69. (Type Torymus pallidicornis Boheman.) 

Liothorax Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXV., 1875, p. 728. (Type Enerytus glaphyra 
Walk.) 

Lirata Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., I., 1884, p. 102. (Type ZL. luteogaster Cameron.) 

Litomastix Thomson, Hym. Skand., [V., 1875, p. 171. (Type Eneyrtus chalconotus Dalman.) 

Litus Haliday, Ent. Mag., I., 1835, p. 345. (Type L. cynipseus Hal.) 

Lochites Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, pp. 48, 44. (Type L. papaveris Forst.) 

Lonchentedon Ratzeburg (= Aprostocerus Westwood), Ichn. d. Forstius., IIT., 1852, p. 215. 

Lonchocerus Dahlbom (= Mira Schellenberg), Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Férh., XTV., 1857, p. 
292. 

Lophocomodia Ashmead, Bull. No. 3, Kansas State Agri. College, 1888 ; Append., p. vi. (Type 
LL. americana Ashm.) 

Lophocomus Haliday, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, IIT., 1843, p. 297. (Type Cirrospilus anaitis 
Walk.) 


Lophyrocera Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., I., 1884, p. 102. (Type L. stramineipes Cam.) 


380 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Lopodites Rondani (n. n. for Lophodytes Rondani), Bull. Soe. ent. Ital., IX., 1877, p. 19. 
Lopodytes Rondani, Ann. Soc. Nat. Modena, II., 1867, p. 39. (Type L. prunicola Roud.) 
Lutnes Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., I., 1884, p. 125. (Type L. ornaticornis Cam.) 
Lycisca Spinola, Mag. de Zool., X., 1840, p. 14. (Type LZ. raptoria Spin.) 

Lymnaenon (Haliday) Walker (= Gonatocerus eae: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X VIII., 1845, p. 49. 
Lyreus Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 114. (Type ZL. origo Walker, 9.) 


M. 

Macreupelmus Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 1896, p. 18. (Type M. brasiliensis 
Ashm.) 

Macroglenes Westwood, Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Soc. (3), L , 1832, p. 127. (Type Ichnewmon pene- 
trans Kirby.) 

Macromesus Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, II., 1848, p. 161. (Type M. amphiratus Walk.) 

Macroneura Walker (= % Enpelmus Dalman), Ent. Mag., 1V., 1837, p. 353. 

Macrorileya Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 264. (Type Rileya ccanthi Ashm.) 

Macrostigna Rondani (= Megaspilus Westwood), Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., IX., 1877, p. 181. 

Malfattea Meunier (= Litus Haliday), Ann. Soe. Sient. Bruxelles, XXYV., 1901, p. 6. (Type I 
molitorus Meunier.) 

Marietta Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. ent. natural. Moscow, XX XVI., 1863, p. 52. lees M. lepar- 
dina Motsch.) 

Marres Walker, The Entom., I., 1841, p. 217. (Type IM. dicomas Walker.) 

Megalocolus Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zodl., XVII., 1885, p. 61. (Type Halticella 
ducator Walk.) 

Megapelte Forster (n.n. for Hunotus Walker), Hym, Stud., I., 1856, p. 63. 

Megastigmus Dalman, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI., 1820, p. 178. (Type Ichnewmon dor- 
salis Fabr.) 

Megorismus Walker, List Chaleid. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 29. (Type Miscogaster daiphron 
Walk.) 

Melanosmicra Ashmead, gen. noy. ante, p. 251. (Type JZ. immaculata Ashm.) 

Melittobia Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1847, Proc., p. xviii, 1849, Proc., p. Ixv. 
(Type Cirrospilus accesta Walk.) 

Merismus Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, pp. 371, 375. (Type IM. megapterus Walk.) 

Merisus Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, p. 166. (Type M. splendidus Walk.) 

Meroligon Rondani (= Aphelinus Dalman), Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., IX., 1877, p. 185. 

Meromalus Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, pp. 168, 178. (Type I. flavicornis Walk.) 

Meromyzobia Ashmead, Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, X XII., 1900, pp. 328, 333. (Type Hricydnus 
macalipennis Ashm.) 

Meroporus Blanchard (= Metastenus Walk.), Hist. nat. Ins., III., 1840, p. 270. 

Meraporus Walker, Ent. Mag., IV., 1837, p. 353. (Type M. graminicola Walk.) 

Merostenus Walker, Ent. Mag., [V., 1837, p. 354. (Type M. phedyma Walk.) 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 381 


Mesidia Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 30. (Type unknown.) 

Mesopolobus Westwood, Phil. Mag. (3), II., 1833, p. 443. (Type MW. fasciiventris Westwood.) 

Mestocharis Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XXXV., 1878, p. 50. (Type MW. cyelo- 
spila Forster.) 

Metacolus Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 65. (Type J. unifasciatus Forster. ) 

Metadontia Ashmead, Entom. Amer., [V., 1888, p. 87. (Type Smicra montana Ashm.) 

Metagea Kirky, Journ. Linn. Soe. London, Zoél., XX., 1886, p.30. (Type Lucha riszalates Walk.) 

Metallon Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, IT., 1848, p. 219. (Type JL. acacallis Walk.) 

Metallopsis Westwood (= Leucospis Fabricius), Zeitsch. f. Entom., I., 1839, p. 265. 

Metamorpha Walker (= Bootania Dalla Torre), Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 346. 
(Type M. leucospoides Walk.) 

_Metapelma Westwood, Proce. Zod]. Soe. London, IIT., 1835, p. 69. (Type IM. spectabilis Westw.) 

Metastenus Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, p. 301. (Type J. concinnus Walk.) 

Metapopachia Dalla Torre (n. n. for Metopachia Westwood), Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, 
p- 159. 

Metopachia Westwood (= Colas Curtis), Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., I1., 1840; Synop., p. 71. 

Metopon Walker, Ent. Mag., IT., 1834, p. 302. (Type MZ. atrwm Walk.) 

Metopum Forster (n. n. for Metopon Walker), Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 64. 

Micradelus Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, pp. 168, 170. (Type IM. rotundus Walk.) 

Micranisa Walker, The Entom., VIII., 1875, p. 18. (Type Jdarnes pteromeloides Walk.) 

Micrapion Kriechbaumer, Berlin. ent. Zeitschr., XX XIX., 1894, p. 315. (Type MW. bilineatum 
Kriechb.) 

Microlytus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1875, p. 223. (Type MW. heterocerus Thomson.) 

Mieroma Curtis (= Trichogramma Westwood), Guide Brit. Ins., 1829, p. 137. 

Micromelus Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, pp. 371, 464. (Type WM. silveanus Walk.) 

Microplectron Dahlbom, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Forh., XTV., 1857, p. 292. (Type Entedon 
fuscipennis Zetterstedt.) 

Microterus Spinola (= Elachertus Spinola), Ann, mus. hist. nat., X VIT., 1811, p. 151. 

Microterys Thomson, Hym. Skand., [V., 1875, p. 155. (Type Eneyrtus sylvius Dalman.) 

Miotropis Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 197. (Type J. suleicrista Thomson.) 

Mira Schellenberg, Genres des Moush Dipt., 1803, p. 67. (Type MZ. maerocera Schellenb.) 

Mischogaster Howard (n. n. for Miscogaster Walk.), Ent. Amer., IT., 1886, p. 33. 

Miscogaster Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, pp. 371, 458. (Type I. hortensis Walk.) 

Mischosmicra Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 251. (Type MW. Kahlii Ashm.) 

Misina Rondani (= Aphelinus Dalman), Arch, p. 1. Zool. (2), I1., 1870, p. 11. 

Misocampus Latreille (= Torymus Dalman), Nouv. dict. hist. nat., Ed. 2°, 1817. 

Misocharis Rondani (= Misocoris Rondani), Bull. Soe. ent. Ital., VI., 1874, p. 125. 

Misocoris Rondani (= 3 Anastatus Motschulsky), Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., X., 1887, p. 186. 

Mnoonema Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. nat. Moscow, XXXVI., 1863, p. 60. (Type MW. timida 
Motsch.) 


382 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Monobeeus Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., X VII., 1860, p.95. (Type JL cingulatus 
Forst.) 

Monodontomerus Westwood, Lond. & Edin. Phil. Mag. (5), II., 1833, p. 443. (Type JZ. ob- 
scurus Westw.) 

Moranila Cameron (= Tomocera Howard), Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p. 188. 

Mormoniella Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 316. (Type MW. brevicornis Ashm.) 

Muscidia Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. natural d. Mosecou, XX XVI., 1863, p. 70. (Type M. obseurus 
Westw. 

Myina Nees (= Aphelinus Dalman), Hym. affin. Monogr., IT., 1834, p. 189. 

Myiocnema Ashmead, Can. Ent., XX-XII., 1900, p. 349. (Type J. comperei Ashm.) 

Myiomisa Rondani (= Euderus Haliday), Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., IX., 1877, p. 189. 

Mymar Haliday, Curtis, Brit. Ent., [X., 1832, p. 411. (Type JL pulchellus Hal.) 

Mymarilla Westwood, Trans. Linn. Soc. London., Zool. (2), I., 1878, p. 585. (Type M. tapro- 
banica Westw.) 

Myrmecomimesis Dalla Torre (n. n. for Myrmecopsis Walker), Wien ent. Zeitg., X VI., 1897, p. 
87. (Type Myrmecopsis nigricans Walk.) 

Myrmecopsis Walker (= Myrmecomimesis Dalla Torre), Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1866, p. 
442. 

INE 

Nannocerus Mayr (= 3 Physothorax Mayr), Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XX XYV., 1885, pp. 
159, 195. 

Neochalecis Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVII., 1883, p. 63. (Type Euchalcis 
vetusta Dufour.) 

Neorileya Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 264. (Type NV. flavipes Ashm.) 

Nesomyia Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 344. (Type WV. albipes Ashm.) 

Nobrimus Thomson (= Homalotylus Mayr), Hym. Skand., TV., 1875, pp. 116, 137. 

Norbanus Walker, Ann, Soc. ent. France (2), I., 1843, p. 158. (Type N. dysaules Walk.) 

Notanisomorpha Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 356. (Type JN. collaris Ashm.) 

Notanisus Walker, Ent. Mag., IV., 1837, p. 352. (Type 1. versicolor Walk.) 

Notaspidium Dalla Torre (n. n. for Notaspis Walker), Wien. ent. Zeitg., XVI., 1897, p. 87. 
(Type Notaspis formiciformis Walk.) 

Notaspis Walker (= Notaspidium Dalla Torre), Ent. Mag., II., 1834, pp. 21, 37. 

Notopodium Dahlbom (= Podagrion Spin.), Ofvers Svensk. Vet.Akad. Forh., XTV., 1857, p. 
295. 

O. 

Octosmicra Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 252. (Type 0. laticeps Ashm.) 

Odopea Dalla Torre (n. n. for Odopoia Walker, emend.), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 315. 

Odopoia Walker, Notes on Chalcid., Pt. 2, 1871, p. 36. (Type O. atra Walker.) 

Oligosita Haliday, Walker, Ann, & Mag. Nat, Hist. (2), VII., 1851, p. 211. (Type 0. collina 
(Haliday) Walk.) 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 383 


Oligosthenus Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 145. (Type Ichneumon stigma Fabr.) 

Olinx Mayr (n. n. for Olynx Forster emend.), Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XX VII., 1878, p. 158. 

Olynx Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 73. (Type Ichneumon gallarum Linné.) 

Omphale Haliday, Ent. Mag. I., 1833, p. 339. (Type O. salicis Hal.) 

Ooctonus Haliday, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, p. 343. (Type 0. insignis Hal.) 

Oodera Westwood, Thes. Ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 145. (Type O. gracilis Westw.) 

Ooderella Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, [V., 1896, p. 10. (Type O. smithii Ashm.) 

Ooencyrtus Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXII., 1900, pp. 338, 345. (Type Eneyrtus 
clisiocampe Ashm.) 

Oomyzus Rondani (= Q Anastatus Motschulsky), Bull. Soc. comm. Agrar. Parma, III., 1870, p. 
140. 

Oophthora Aurivellius (= Pentarthron Riley), Ent. Tidskr., X VIII., 1897, p. 250. 

Ophelimus Dalla Torre (n. n. for Ophelinus Haliday), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 70. 

Ophelinus Haliday, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, IIT., 1843, p. 300. (Type Eulophus ursidius Walk.) 

Ophelosia Riley, Ins. Life, II., 1890, p. 249. (Type 0. crawfordi Riley.) 

Ophion Ratzeburg (= Chetosticha Haliday pars), Ichn. d. Forstius., IT., 1852, p. 196. 

Ophioneurus Ratzeburg (= Poropewa Forster), Ichn. d. Forstius., III., 1852, pp. 197, 248. 

Orasema Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., I., 1884, p. 105. (Type O. stramineipes Cam.) 

Ormocerus Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, p. 168. (Type 0. latus Walk.) 

Ormyrus Westwood, Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag. (3), I., 1832, p. 127. (Type O. punetiger Westw.) 

Otitesella Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p. 39. (Type O. digitata Westw.) 

Oxycoryphe Kriechbaumer, Berl. ent. Zeitschr., XXXIX., 1894, p. 67. (Type O. subenea 
Kriechb.) 

Oxyglypta Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 64. (Type unknown.) 

Oxymorpha Forster (= Hyperteles Forster), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 145. (Type Hulophus 
elongatus Forst.) 


PR: 


Pachyceras Ratzeburg (= Roptrocerus Ratzeburg), Ichn. d. Forstins., I., 1844, p. 217. 
Pachychirus Agassiz (n. n. for Cheiropachys Westwood), Nomancl. Zool. ind. uniy., 1848, Hym., 
je OTA 

_Pachycrepis Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 51. (Type Coruna clavata Walk.) 

Pachycrepoideus Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 329. (Type P. dubius Ashm.) 

Pachylarthrus Westwood (= Halticoptera Spinola), Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag. (3), I., 1832, p. 127. 

Pachyneuron Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, pp. 371, 380. (Type P. formosum Walk.) 

Pachyscapha Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zoél., XX VI., 1896, p. 159. (Type P. insularis 
Howard.) 

Pachytomus Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, ITYV., 1847, p. 260. (Type P. klugianus 
Westw.) 

Paleomyrmar Meunier (? = Ooctonus Haliday), Ann. Soe. Sci. de Bruxelles, XX V., 1901, p. 137, 
pl. I., figs. 12, 13, 14. 


384 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Palmon Dalman (= Podugrion Spinola), Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLVI., 1825, p. 388. 

Pandelus Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 65. (Type Cleonymus flavipes Forst.) 

Panstenon Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 29. (Type Miscogaster oxylus Walk.) 

Panthalis Cameron (= Cameronella Dalla Torre), Proe. Manchester Phil. Soc., XXVI., 1888, 
p: 121. 

Panthus Walker (= Gonatocerus Nees), Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X VIII., 1846, p. 52. 

Paphagus Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XIL., 1843, p. 47. (Type P. sidero Walker.) 

Paracaratomus Ashmead, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXI., 1894, p. 335. (Type P. cephalotes 
Ashmead.) 

Paracentrobia Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zodl., XX VI., 1896, p. 178. (Type P. punc- 
tata Howard.) 

Paracrias Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 343. (Type P. laticeps Ashm.) 

Paralzsthia Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., I., 1884, p. 110. (Type P. mandibularis 
Cameron.) 

Paraolinx Ashmead, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XXV., 1894, p. 166. (P. lineatifrons 
Ashmead.) 

Parapsilophrys Howard, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXI., 1898, p. 232. (Type P. gelechiea How.) 

Parasaphes Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 328. (Type P. iceye Ashm.) 

Paraterobia Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 274. (Type P. nigriceps Ashm.) 

Parapteromalus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 322. (Type P. isosomatis Ashm.) 

Parencyrtus Ashmead, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXIL., 1900, pp. 335, 342. (Type P. brasiliensis 
Ashm.) 

Pediobius Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XVII., 1846, p. 184. (Type Hntedon imbreus Walker.) 

Pegopus Forster (n. n. for Prosopon Walker), Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 145. (Type Prosopon 
montanus Walker.) 

Pelecinella Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc., London, 1868; Proc., p. xxxv. (Type P. phantasma 
Westw.) 

Pelorotelus Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 341. (Type P. ceruleus Ashm.) 

Pentacladia Westwood, Proc. Zod]. Soc. London, IIT., 1835, p. 69. (Type P. elegans Westw.) 

Pentacnemus Howard, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV., 1892, p.366. (Type P. buceulatricis Howard.) 

Pentarthron Riley, Record Amer. Ent. for 1871 (1872), p. 8. (Type 7. minutum Riley.) 

Pentarthrum Dalla Torre (n. n. for Pentarthron Riley), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 2. 

Pentasmicra Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 252. (Type P. brasiliensis Ashm.) 

Pentastichus Ashmead, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, XX V., 1894, p.187. (Type P. wanthopus Ashm.) 

Pentelicus Howard, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVII., 1895, p. 611. (Type P. aldrichi Howard.) 

Peridesmia Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 65. (Type unknown.) 

Periglyphus Boheman (=Ormyrus Westwood), Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., LIV., 1833, p. 378. 

Perilampus Latreille, Gen. Crust. et Ins., [V., 1809, p. 30. (Type Cynips italica Fabr.) 

Perissopterus Howard, Techn. Series, No. 1, U. S. Dept. Agric., 1895, p. 20. (Type Aphelinus 
pulchellus Howard.) 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 385 


Pezobius Forster (=wingless Q of Hrieydnus Walker), Verh. d. naturh, Ver. pr. Rheinl., XVIL., 
1860, p. 129. 

Phacostoma Nees (= Halticoptera Spinola), Ichn. affin. Monogr., ii., 1854, p. 121. 

Phanacra Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XXXYV., 1878, p. 51. (Type P. nubigera 
Forst.) 

Pheenodiscus Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 144. (Type Eneyrtus eneus Dalman.) 

Phagona Curtis (= Halticoptera Spinola), Brit. Ent., IX., 1832, p. 427. 

Phasganophora Dalla Torre (n. n. for Phasgonophora Westwood), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 371. 

Phasgonophora Westwood, Griftith’s Anim. Kingdom, Ins., IT., 1832, p. 77. (Type P. sulcata 
Westw.) 

Pheidoloxenus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 328. (Type P. wheeleri Ashm.) 

Philachyra Haliday, Walker, Notes on Chale., Pt. 1, 1871, p. 7. (Type P. ips Haliday.) 

Philomides Haliday, Ann. Soc. ent. France (4), II., 1862, p.115. (Type P. paphius Haliday.) 

Philotrypesis Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XX-XV., 1878, p. 59. (Type Cynips 
carice Hasselquest.) 

Phlebopenes Perty, Delect., anim. artic. Brasil, 1833, p. 131. (Type P. splendidus Perty.) 

Photismus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 15. (Type P. nibilosus Thomson.) 

Phylloxeroxenus Ashmead, Entom. Amer., IV., 1888, pp. 42, 48. (Type Eurytoma phylloxerece 
Ashm.) 

Physeus Howard, Bull. U. 8. Dept. Agric. Techn. Series, No. 1, 1895, p. 43. (Type Coccophagus 
varicornis How.) ; 

Physothorax Mayr, Ver. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXV., 1885, pp. 159, 196. (Type Physo- 
thorax discigera Mayr 3, Diamorus variabilis Mayr & .) 

Picroseytus Thomson (= Arthrolysis Forster), Hym, Skand., V., 1878, p. 58. 

Pirene Haliday, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, p. 336. (Type P. varicornis Hal.) 

Plastocharis Forster (n. n. for Thysanus Haliday), Hym. Stud., I1., 1856, p. 145. 

Platygerrhus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 13. (Type P. gracilis Thomson.) 

Platymesopus Westwood, Lond. & Edin., Phil. Mag. (3), IT., 1833, p. 444. (Type P. tibialis 
Westw.) 

Platyneura Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Natural. Moscow, XXXVI., 1863, p. 51. (Type P. festacea 
Motsch.) 

Platynocheilus Westw., Ent. Mag., [V., 1837, p. 436. (Type P. erichsonii Westw.) 

Platyseapha Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Natural. Moscow, XXXVI., 1863, p. 47. (Type P. fron- 
talis Motsch.) 

Platyterma Walker, Ent. Mag., IT., 1834, p. 303. (Type P. nobile Walk.) 

Platytermus Thomson (n. n. for Platyterma Walker), Hym, Skand., V., 1878, p. 75. 

Pleistodontes Saunders, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p. 8. (Type P. imperialis Saund.) 

Plesiostigma Mayr, Verh. Zodl.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXX., 1885, p. 226. (Type P. bicolor Mayr.) 

Plesiostigmodes Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 243. (Type P. brasiliensis Ashm.) 


Pleuropachus Westwood, Ent. Mag., IV., 1837, p. 437, fig. 1. (Type Entedon costalis Dalman.) 


386 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Pleuropachys Forster (n. n. for Pleurapachus Westwood), Hym. Stud., I1., 1856, p. 78. 

Pleurotropis Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 78. (Type Entedon bimacularis Dalm.) 

Plutothrix Forster, Hym. Stud., I1., 1856, p. 46. (Type unknown.) 

Podagrion Spinola, Ann. mus. hist. nat., XVII., 1811, p. 147. (Type P. splendens Spin.) 

Polanisa Walker, The Entom., VIII., 1875, p. 17. (Type Idarnes transiens Walk.) 

Polistomorpha Westwood, Zeitschr. f. Entom., I., 1839, p. 265. (Type P. swrinamensis Westw.) 

Polycelis Thomson (= Polyscelis Dalla Torre), Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 143. 

Polychroma Westwood (= Chalcedectes Walker), Ther. Ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 140. 

Polychromatium Dalla Torre (n. n. for Chalcedectes Walker), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 186. 

Polyeystus Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., IT., 1840; Synop., p. 68. (Type P. matthewsii Westw.) 

Polymoria Forster, Hym. Stud., IL., 1856, p. 31. (Type P. coronata Thoms.) 

Polyscelis Dalla Torre (n. n. for Polycelis Thomson), Wien. ent. Zeitg., XVI., 1897, p. 87. 
(Type Pteromalus conspersus Walker.) 

Poropeea Forster, Verh. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., VIII., 1851, p. 28; tab. 1, fig. 10°. (Type 
P. stollwerckii Forst.) 

Prestwichia Lubbock, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, XXTV., 1863, p. 140. (Type P. aquatica Lub.) 

Priomerus Walker (= Podagrion Spinola), Ent. Mag., I., 1833, p. 116. 

Prionomastix Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXV., 1875, p. 725. (Type Enecyrtus morio 


Dalm.) 
Prionomitus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XX V., 1875, p. 701. (Type Encyrtus mitratus 
Dalm.) 2 


Prionopelma Westwood (= Phlebopenes Perty), Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, III., 1835, p. 51. 

Prionopus Dalman, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLVL., 1825, p. 393. 

Pristosmicra Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 261. (Type sexmaculatus Ashm.) 

Prodecatoma Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 261. (Type P. flavescens Ashm.) 

Proglochin Dalla Torre (n. n. for Proglochis Philippi = Lyciscus Spinola), Cat. Hym. V., 1898, 
p- 251. 

Proglochis Philippi (= Lyciscus Spinola), Stettin. ent. Zeitg., XX XII., 1871, p. 288. 

Prosodes Walker (= Cryptoprymna Forster), Ent. Mag., I., 1833, pp. 871, 374. 

Protoceras Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, XVII., 1883, p. 60. (Type Smicra leucotelum 
Walk.) 

Prosopon Walker (= Pegogus Forster), Ent. Mag., IV., 1837, p. 356. 

Prospalta Howard, Ins. Life, VII., 1894, p. 6. (Type P. murtfeldtii How.) 

Pseudencyrtus Ashmead, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXII., 1900, pp. 340, 346. (Type Eneyrtus 
cecidomyice How.) 

Pseudisa Walker (= Sycophila Walker), The Entom., VIII., 1875, p. 15. 

Pseudochaleis Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zodl., XVII., 1883, p. 62. (Type Halticella 
declarator Walk.) 

Pseudometagea Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 1897, p. 239. (Type Metagea 


schwarzti Ashm.) 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 387 


Psilocera Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, pp. 371, 373. (Type P. obscura Walk.) 

Psilogaster Blanchard, Hist. Nat. d. Ins., III., 1840, p. 260. (Type P. ewpreus Blanch.) 

Psilonotus Walker, Ent. Mag., IT., 1834, pp. 168, 179. (Type P. adamas Walk.) 

Psilophrys Mayr, Verh. Zool-bot. Gesell. Wien, XX V., 1875, p. 727. (Type Eneyrtus longicornis 
Walk.) 

Psyllephagus Ashmead, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXII., 1900, pp. 339, 345. (Type Encyrtus 
pachypsylle How.) 

Pteratomus Packard (= Packardiella Ashmead), Proc. Essex Ins., [V., 1864, p. 137. 

Pterolycus Ratzeburg (= Merostenus Walker), Ichn. d. Forstius., II., 1848, p. 208. 

Pteromalites Heer (Fossil), Urwelt d. Schweis., 1863, p. 388. (Type P. eningensis Heer.) 

Pteromalodes Dahlbom, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Forh., XIV., 1857, p. 295. 

Pteromalus Swederus, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XVI., 1793, p. 200. (Type IJchnewmon 
puparum Linné.) 

Pteroncoma Forster (= Platynocheilus Westwood), Beitr. Monogr. Pteromal., 1841, p. 34. 

Pterothriz Dalla Torre (n. n. for Pteroptrix Westw. emend.), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 218. 

Pteroptrix Westwood, Lond. & Edinb, Phil. Mag. (3), III., 1833, p. 344. (Type P. dimidiatus 


Westw.) 
Pterosema Forster, Verh. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XX XV. 1878, p. 44. (Type P. varicolor 
Forst.) 


Pterotrix Walker (= Pteroptrix Westw. (partim) = Gyrolasia Forster), Monogr. Chale., I., 1839, 
p. 12. 

Ptinobius Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 1895, p.11. (Type Charitopus magnificus 
Ashm.) 

R. 

Rachistus Forster (= Gonatocerus Nees), Linnea Ent., II., 1847, p. 203. 

Raphitelus Harris (= Rhaphitelus Walk.), Rep. Ins. Mass., 3d Ed., 1842, p. 586. 

Ratzeburgia Forster (n. n. for Eusandalum Ratzeburg), Hym. Stud., 1T., 1856, p. 31. 

Rhachistus Dalla Torre (n. n. for Rachistus Forster), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 429. 

Rhaphidotelus Forster (n. n. for Rhaphitelus Walker), Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 62. 

Rhaphitelus Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1833, pp. 168, 178. (Type R. maculatus Walk.) 

Rhicnopelte Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XX XV., 1878, p. 55. (Type R. fulvi- 
ventris Forst.) 

Rhipipallus Kirby, Journ, Linn. Soc. London, Zodl., X-X., 1886, p. 31. (Type Eucharis volucus 
Walk.) 

Rhopalicus Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 66. (Type Pteromalus guttatus Ratzeb.) 

Rhopalotus Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1855, p. 78. (Type Elachestus cothurnatus Nees.) 

Rhopoideus Howard, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXT., 1898, p. 235. (Type R. citrinus How.) 

Rhopus Forster (= Metallon Walker), Hym. Stud., I1., 1856, p. 34. 

Rhytidothorax Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXII., 1900, pp. 337, 344. (Type A. marlatti 
Ashm.) 


388 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Rileya Ashmead, Ent. Amer., TV., 1888, p. 42; Bull. No. 1, Kansas Agric. College, 1889, App., 
p- 111. (Type R. cecidomyie Ashm.) 

Rileya Howard (= Chrysoplatycerus Ashm.), Can. Ent., XX., 1888, p. 148. 

Roptrocerus Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forstius., II., 1848, p. 209. (Type R. rylophagorum Ratzeb.) 


8. 

Saccharissa Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soe. London, Zodl., X-X., 1886, p.37. (Lype Lucharis contingens 
Walk.) 

Sayiella Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 251. (Type Smicra debilis Say.) 

Sceptrophorus Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 34. (Type S. sceptriger Forst.) 

Schizaspidia Westwood, Proc. Zod]. Soe. London, IIT., 1835, p. 69. (Type S. furcifera Westw.) 

Schizonotus Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forstius., III., 1852, p. 250. (Type S. sieboldi Ratzeb.) 

Schwarzella Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 256. (Type S. arizonensis Ashm.) 

Sciatheres Ratzeburg (= Cerocephala Westw.), Ichn. d. Forstius., I1., 1848, p. 209. 

Scotolinx Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 354. (Type 8. gallicola Ashm.) 

Scutellista Motschulsky, Etud. Entom., VIIT., 1859, p. 172. (Type S. cyanea Motsch.) 

Secodes Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 78. (Type unknown.) 

Seladerma Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1856, p. 288. (Type S. /aetum Walk.) 

Selimnus Walker, The Entom., I., 1842, p. 335. (Type S. diores Walk.) 

Selitrichus Rondani, Bull. Soe. ent. Ital., IX., 1877, p. 196. (Type S. ceuthorrhynchi Rond.) 

Semiotellus Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., II., 1840; Synop., p. 70. (Type Semiotus mundus 
Walk.) 

Semiotus Walker (= Semiotellus Westwood), Ent. Mag., II., 1834, pp. 288, 290. 

Sericops Kriechbaumer, Berlin. ent. Zeitschr., XXXIX., 1894, p. 68. (Type G. fasciate 
Kriechb. ) 

Sigmophora Rondani, Ann. Soc. natural. Modena, II., 1868, p. 68. (Type S. scrophulariella 
Rond.) 

Signiphora Ashmead, Orange Ins., 1880, p. 30. (Type S. flavopalliata Ashm.) 

Simopterus Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., VIIL., 1851, p. 22. (Type S. venustus 
Forst.) 

Siphonura Nees (= Ormyrus Westwood), Hym. affin. Monogr., II., 1834, p. 81. 

Smaragdites Westwood (= Omphale, Haliday), Mag. Nat. Hist., VI., 1833, p. 419. 

Smicra Spinola, Ann. Mus. hist. natur., XVII., 1811, p. 147. (Type Chaleis sispes Fabr.) 

Smiera Spinola (= Smicra Spinola err. imp.), (oc. cit., supra. 

Solenoderus Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. natural. Moscow, XXXVI., 1863, p. 70. 

Solenotus Forster, (= Diglyphus Walk.) Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 74. 

Solenura Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1868, Proc., p. xxxvi. (Type S. telescopica Westw.) 

Solindinia Cameron, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p. 189. (Type S. eyaniventris Motsch.) 

Sosxetra Walker (= Hudoxinna Walker), Trans. Ent. Soe. London (3), I., 1862, p. 370. 

Spalangia Latreille, Hist, nat, Crust, et Ins., ITI., 1802, p. 351. (Type S. nigra Latr.) 


ie i ee 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 389 


Spalangius Say (n.n. for Spalangia Latreille), Contrib. Maclure’s Lye., Phila., I1., 1828, p. 79. 

Spaniopus Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, p. 371. (Type S. dissimilis Walk.) 

Sparthiophilus Rondani (= Muderus Haliday), Bull. Soe. ent. Ital., [V., 1872, p. 208. 

Spartiophilus Rondani (= Huderus Haliday), Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., [X., 1877, p. 198. 

Spheripalpus Forster (= Gitgnathus Thomson), Beitr. Monogr. Pteromal., 1841, p. 38. 

Spheeropisthus Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., 1875, pp. 116, 131. (Type S. pascuorum Thoms.) 

Sphegigaster Spinola, Ann. mus. hist. nat., XVII., 1811, p. 149. (Type S. pallicornis Spin.) 

Sphenolepis Nees (= Ectroma Westwood), Ichn. affin, Monogr., IT., 1834, p. 256. 

Spilochaleis Thomson, Hym, Skand., [V., 1875, p. 15. (Type Chaleis wanthostigma Dalman.) 

Spintherus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1875, p. 129. (Type S. obscwus Thomson.) 

Stenocera Walker (= Stenoceroides Dalla Torre), Ent. Mag., [V., 1837, p. 357. 

Stenoceroides Dalla Torre (n. n. for Stenocera Walk.), Wien. ent. Zeitg., XVI., 1897, p. 88. 
(Type Stenocera walkeri Curtis.) ; 

Stenomalus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 88. (Type Pteromalus erassicornis Dalm.) 

Stenomesiodeus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 355. (Type S. malea Ashm.) 

Stenomesius Westwood, Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag. (3), IIT., 1833, p. 348. (Type Ichnewmon 
rufescens Rossi.) 

Stenophrus Forster (= ¢ Macroglenes Westw.), Beitr. Monogr. Pteromal., 1841, p. 40. 

Stenoterys Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., 1875, pp. 115, 128. (Type S. orbitalis Thoms.) 

Sternodes Destefani (= Destefania Dalla Torre), Nat. Sicil., X., 1891, p. 118. 

Sterrhocoma Forster (= Cheiloneurus Westwood), Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 33. 

Stichocrepis Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., X VII., 1860, p. 130. 

Stichothrix Forster, Hym. Stud., I., 1856, pp. 117, 121. (Type S. cardui First.) 

Stictomischus Thomson, Hym, Skand., ['V., 1875, pp. 220, 254. (Type S. scaposus Thomson.) 

Stigmatocrepis, gen. noy., ante, p. 273. (Type S. americana Ashm.) 

Stilbula Spinola, Ann. mus. hist. nat., XVII., 1811, p. 150. (Type Zchneumon cyniformis Rossi.) 

Stinoplus Thomson, Hym. Stud., V., 1878, p. 107. (Type Pteromalus militaris Dalm.) 

Stomatoceras Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., X VIT., 1883, p. 62. (Type Halticella liber- 
ator Walk.) 

Stomoctea Dufour (= Tetrastichus Haliday), Ann. Sci. nat. Zool. (3), V., 1846, p. 23. 

Storthygoceras Ratzeburg (= Rhaphiteles Walk.), Ichn. d. Fortius., IT., 1848, p. 208. 

Stylocerus Ratzeburg (= Rhaphiteles Walk.), Ichn, d. Forstius, I., 1844, p. 207. 

Stylophorella Ashmead, g. nov., ante, p. 275. (Type S. perplexa Ashm.) 

Stypiura Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soe. London, Zool., X., 1883, p. 59. (Type Chalcis conigastra Perty.) 

Sycobia Walker, Notes on Chale., Pt. 4, 1871, p. 69. (Type S. bethyloides Walk.) 

Sycobiella Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p. 33. (Type S. saundersii Westw.) 

Sycoerypta Coquerel (= of! Blastophaga Gray.), Rev. & Mag. Zool. (2), VIL., 1855, p. 422. 

Syeophaga Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, II., 1840, p. 222. (Type Cynips sycomori Has- 
sel quest.) 

Syeophila Walker, Notes on Chale., Pt. [V., 1871, p. 63. (Type S. decatomoides Walk.) 


390 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Sycoryctes Mayr, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell, Wien, XXXYV., 1885, pp. 157, 160-210. (Type S. 
patellaris Mayr.) 

Sycoscaptella Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p. 36. (Type S. affinis Westw.) 

Sycoscapter Westwood, Trans. Ent, Soc. London, 1883, p. 34. (Type S. insignis Westw.) 

Sycoscapterella Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 239. (Type Sycoscapter anguliceps Westw.) 

Sycoscapteridea Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 239. (Type Sycoscapter monilifer Westw.) 

Sympiesis Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 74. (Type Hulophus sericeicornis Nees.) 

Sympiesomorpha Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 352. (Type S. brasiliensis Ashm.) 

Sympiezus Thomson (= Sympiesis Forster), Hym, Skand., V., 1878, p. 217. 

Syntomaspis Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 43. (Type Torymus cyaneus Boheman.) 

Syntomocera Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XX XV., 1878, p. 52. (Type S. elavi- 
cornis Forst.) 

Syntomopus Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, pp. 371, 372. (Type S. thoracicus Walk.) 

Syntomorphyrum Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XXXV., 1878, p. 60. (Type 
Eulophus cyclogaster Ratzeb.) 

Syrphophagus Ashmead, Proc. U. S, Nat. Mus., XXII., 1900, pp. 340, 346. (Type Encyrtus 
mesograpte. Ashm.) 

Systasis Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, pp. 228, 296. (Type S. encyrtoides Walk.) 

Systole Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1832, pp. 13, 22. (Type S. albipennis 8. Walker.) 

Systolodes Ashmead, Ent. Amer., IV., 1888, pp. 42, 43. (Type S. brevicornis Ashm.) 

Systolomorpha Ashmead, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8S. Wales, 1900, p. 339. (Type S. thyridopterygis 
Ashm.) 


im 


Tachardizphagus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 303. (Type T. thoracicus Ashm.) 

Tachinzephagus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 364. (Type 7. zealandicus Ashm.) 

Tanaoneura Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XX VI., 1896, p. 146. (Type T. ash- 
meadii Ashm.) 

Tanaostigma Howard, Ins. Life, III., 1890, p. 147. (Type 7. coursetia How.) 

Tanaostigmodes Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, [V., 1896, p. 18. (Type TZ. howardii 
Ashm.) 

Telegraphus Ratzeburg (= Cerapterocerus Westwood), Ichn. d. Forstius., II., 1848, p. 153. 

Teleogmus Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 52. (Type Eulophus xanthostomus Nees. ) 

Terobia Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XXXV., 1878, p. 64. (Type TZ. dispila 
Forst.) 

Terobiella Ashmead, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 5. Wales, 1900, p. 348. (Type 7. flavifrons Ashm.) 

Tetracampe Forster (n. n. for Hpiclerus Haliday), Beitr. Monogr. Pteromal., 1841, p. 33. (Type 
Entedon panyas Walk.) 

Tetracladia Howard, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV., 1892, p. 368. (Type 7. tevana How.) 

Tetracnemus Westwood, Mag. Nat. Hist., I., 1838, p. 258. (Type 7. diversicornis Westw.) 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 391 


Tetragonaspis Mayr (=Idarnes Walker), Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXX YV., 1885, pp. 157, 
205. 

Tetralophidea Ashmead, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XIT., 1900, pp. 327, 330. (Type 7. bakeri 
Ashm.) 

Tetralophiella Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIT., 1900, pp. 280, 232. (Type 7. brevicol- 
lis Ashm.) 

Tetramelia Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XX., 1886, p. 31. (Type Schizespidia pla- 
giata Walk.) 

Tetramesa Walker (= Eurytoma Mliger, teste Walker), List Chale. Brit. Mus., IT., 1848, p. 154. 

Tetranemopteryx Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 239. (Type Sycoscapter 4-setosa Westw.) 

Tetrapus Mayr, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXV., 1885, pp. 156, 159, 184. (Type 7. 
americanus Mayr.) 

Tetrarhopala Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. natural. Moscou, XX XVI., 1863, p. 61. (Type 7. nigra 
Motsch.) 

Tetrasmicra Ashm., gen. noy., ante, p. 252. (Type Smicra concitata Walk.) 

Tetrastichodes Ashmead, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XIV., 1887, p. 203. (Type 7. floridanus Ashm.) 

Tetrastichus Haliday, Trans. Ent. Soe. London, III., 1843, p. 297. (Type Hulophus miser Nees.) 

Thaumapus Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., X VII., 1883, p. 56. (Lype Smicra leuteipes 
Walk.) 

Thaumasura Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1868, Proc., p. xxxvi. (Type 7. terebrator 


Westw.) ; 
Thaumatelia Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zodl., X VII., 1883, p. 60. (Type Chalcis separata 
Walk.) 


Theocolax Westwood (= Cerocephala Westwood, wingless form), Lond. & Edinb, Phil. Mag. (38), L., 
1833, p. 335. 

Thoracantha Latreille, Fam. nat. regn. anim., 1825. (Type 7. /atreillei Guerin.) 

Thusanus Walker (= Thysanus Haliday), Notes on Chale., pt. 7, p. 114, fig. 

Thysanus Haliday, Ann. Nat. Hist., [V., 1840, p. 234. (Type 7. ater Haliday.) 

Tineobius Ashmead, Proe, Ent. Soc. Washington, [V., 1896, p. 14. (Type 7. citra Ashm.) 

Tineomyza Rondani (= 9 Eulophus Geoffroy), Bull. Soe. ent. Ital., 1V., 1872, p. 205. 

Tineophaga Rondani (= gf Eulophus Geoffroy), Ann. Soc. nat. Modena, IIT., 1868, p. 22. 

Tineophoctonus Ashmead, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXIT., 1900, pp. 828,351. (Type Phenodiscus 
armatus Ashm.) 

Tityros Walker, List Chale. Brit. Mus., II., 1848, p. 164. (Type 7. poreia Walk. .) 

Tomocera Howard, Rep. U.S. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 368. (Type 7. californica How.) 

Tomoligon Rondani (=? Trichoporus Forst.), Bull. Soe. ent. Ital., IX., 1877, p. 200. 

Torymoides Walker, Notes on Chale., Pt. 3, 1871, p. 37. (Type 7. amabilis Walker.) 

Torymus Dalman, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI., 1820, p. 135. (Type Ichnewmon bedequaris 
Linné.) 

Toxeuma Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, pp. 371, 378. (Type 7. erice Walk.) 


392 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Tribeeus Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XVII., 1860, p. 98. (Type 7. punctatus 
Forst.) 

Trichoporus Forster, Hym. Stud., IT., 1856, p. 84. (Type unknown.) 

Trichasius Provancher (= Beus, Haliday, Proctotrypoidea), Add. Fn. Hym. du Can. Hym., 1887, 
p- 209. 

Trichaulus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XX XV., 1885, pp. 157, 150, 225. (Type T. 
versicolor Mayr.) 

Trichencyrtus Ashmead, gen. novy., ante, p. 291. (Type 7. chapade Ashm.) 

Trichoceras Ratzeburg (= Tetrastichus Haliday), Ichn. d. Forstius., I., 1848, p. 171. 

Trichoglenes Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 149. (Type Pteromalus complanatus Ratzeb.) 

Trichogramma Westwood, Phil. Mag. (3), II., 1833, p. 444. (Type 7. evanescens Westw.) 

Trichomalus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 134. (Type 7. punctinucha Thoms.) 

Trichomasthus Thomson (= Sceptrophorus Forster), Hym. Skand., [V., 1875, p. 142. 

Trichoxenia Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zodl., XVII., 1885, p. 62. (Type Halticella cin- 
eraris Walk.) 

Tricoryna Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soe. London, Zodl., XX., 1886, p. 29. (Type Eucharis jeollo 
Walk.) 

Tricosyphus Forster (= Cerocephala Westwood), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 46. 

Tridymus Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forstius., II., 1848, p. 185. (Type Pteromalus salicis Nees.) 

Trigonoderus Westwood, Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag. (5), I, 1832, p. 127. (Type T. prineeps 
Westw.) 

Trigonogastra Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 330. (Type 7. auwrata Ashm.) 

Trigonura Sichel, Ann. Soc. ent. France (4), V., 1865, p. 376. (Type 1. cressicauda Sichel.) 

Trimorphocerus Dahlbom (= 3 Bothriothorax Ratzeburg), Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 
XIV., 1857, p. 292. 

Tripedias Forster (= Eunotus Walker), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 60. 

Triphasius Forster (= Thysanus Haliday), Hym. Stud., I1., 1856, p. 83. 

Trismicra Ashmead, g. noy., ante, p. 252. (Type Smicra contracta Walk.) 

Tritypus Ratzeburg (= Eunotus Walker), Ichn. d. Forstius., I1I., 1852, p. 227. 

Trogocarpus Rondani (= Megastigmus Dalman), Bull. Soe. ent. Ital., [X., 1877, p. 204. 


Tropidogastra Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 323. (Type 7. arizonensis Ashm.) 


We 

Uriella Ashmead, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XIIL., 1896, p. 221. (Type U. rufipes Ashm.) 

Uroeryptus Westwood (= Eupelminus Dalla Torre), Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., I1., 1840; synop. 
pokes 

Uroderostenus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 343. (Type J. plewralis Ashm.) 

Uroentedon Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 341. (Type U. verticellata Ashm.) 

Urolepis Walker, List Chale. Brit. Mus., I., 1846, p. 26. (Type U. maritimus Walk.) 

Uromelia Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XX., 1886, p. 33. (Type Thoracantha striata 
Perty.) 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 393 
Vee 
Zalkerella Westwood (= Walkerella Westw.), Proe. Linn. Soc. London, Zool. (2), I., 1878, p. 584. 
Wie 
Walkerella Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p. 32. (Type W. timeraria Westw.) 
Websterellus Ashmead, Bull. No. 1, Ohio Exper. Sta., 1893, p. 164. (Type W. tritici Ashm.) 


Xanthomelanus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 251. (Type Chaleis dimidiate Fabr.) 
Xanthosoma Ashmead, Entom. Amer., [V., 1888, pp. 42, 43. (Type X. nigricornis Ashm.) 
Xenocrepis Forster, Hym. Stud., I., 1856, p. 64. (‘Type unknown.) 
Z. 
Zagrammosoma Ashmead, n. n. for Hippocehalus Ashm. preoc., ante, p. 354. (Type H. multi- 
lineatus Ashm.) 
Zaomma Ashmead, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXIT., 1900, p.340. (Type Eneyrtus argentipes How.) 
Zaommomyia Ashmead, gen. noy., ante, p. 340. (Type Chrysochris stigmata Ashm.) 
Zapachia Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XXXV., 1878, p. 47. (Type Z spiloptera 
Forst.) 
Zarhopalus Ashmead, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXIT., 1900, p. 342. (Type Z sheldont Ashm.) 


PART II. SOUTH AMERICAN CHALCIDOIDEA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS 
OF NEW SPECIES IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 


SupERFAMILY VII. CHALCIDOIDEA. 
Famity LX. AGAONIDA. 


SUBFAMILY I. AGAONINA. 


Genus BLASTOPHAGA Grayenhorst. 
BLASTOPHAGA BIFOSSULATA Mayr. 
Blastophaga bifossulata Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell., XX XV., 1885, p. 181, 7 29.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 324. 
Brazil: Blumenau (Dr. Fritz Miller). 


BLASTOPHAGA BRASILIENSIS Mayr. 
Blastophaga brasiliensis Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell., XX XV., 1885, p. 180, 7 9.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 324. 
Brazil: Blumenau (Dr. Fritz Miller). 


Genus TETRAPUS Mayr. 
TETRAPUS AMERICANUS Mayr. 
Tetrapus americanus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell., XXXV., 1885, p..188, 7 2.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 323. 
Brazil: Blumenau (Dr. Fritz Miller). 


Genus EISENIA Ashmead. 
EISENIA FLAVISCAPA, sp. nov. 

Female-—Length about 1 mm. ; ovipositor as long as the abdomen and the thorax 
united. Head and thorax black, polished ; hypopygium prominent, piceous; scape 
broadly dilated, about twice as long as wide, yellow, the pedicel and the flagellum 
dark brown, the process of the first funicle joint long and acute; legs brownish- 
yellow, the front and hind femora especially above brownish-piceous ; wings hya- 
line, with short cilize at apex, the veins pale yellowish. The head is a little longer 
than wide, with a deep broad frontal furrow, the eyes oval; middle tarsi very 
slightly longer than their tibize. 


Brazil: Para, One specimen. 
394 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 395 


Famity LXI. TORYMIDZ. 
SuBFAMILY I. IDARNIN”. 


Genus IDARNES Walker. 
IDARNES BREVICOLLIS (Mayr). 
Tetragonaspis brevicollis Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell., XXXV., 1885, p. 209, °.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 320. 
Brazil: St. Catharina (Dr. Fritz Miller). 


IDARNES CARME Walker. 

Idarnes carme Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XII., 1843, p. 47, 9.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 317. 

Tetragonaspis flavicollis Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell., 1885, p. 207, 2.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, -:p. 320. 

Ganosoma robustum Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell., XX XYV., 1885, p. 204, @.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 321. 

West Indies: Grenada, St. Vincent; Brazil: St. Catharina. 


IDARNES CORIARIA (Mayr). 
Tetragonaspis coriaria Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell., XXXYV., 1885, p. 209, 2.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 320. 
Brazil: St. Catharina (Dr. Fritz Miller). 


; IDARNES FORTICORNIS (Mayr). 
Tetragonaspis forticornis Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell., XX XYV., 1885, p. 208, °. 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 320. 
Brazil: St. Catharina (Dr. Fritz Miller). 


IDARNES GRACILICORNIS (Mayr). 
Ganosoma attenuatum Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell., XXXYV., 1885, p. 204, &%. 
Tetragonaspis gracilicornis Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell, XXXV., 1885, p. 
208, 9. 
Brazil: St. Catharina (Dr. Fritz Miller). 


IDARNES PARALLELA (Mayr). 
Ganosoma parallelum Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell., XXXV., 1885, p. 204, 7.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 320. 
Brazil: St. Catharina (Dr. Fritz Muller). 


396 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


IDARNES PUNCTATA (Mayr). 
Tetragonaspis punctata Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell., XX XV., 1885, p. 209, 2.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 320. 
Brazil: St. Catharina (Dr. Fritz Miller). 


Genus TRICHAULUS Mayr. 
TRICHAULUS VERSICOLOR Mayr. 
Trichaulus versicolor Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell., XXXV., 1885, p. 226, 9 ; T. 
15, f. 38. —Fr. Miller, Kosmos, X VIII., 1886, pp. 54, 55. 
Critogaster singularis Mayr, Verh. Zoo].-bot. Gesell. Wien, XX XV., 1885, p. 200, 3; 
T. 12, f. 24.—Fr. Miller, Kosmos, XVIII., 1886, pp. 54, 55.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 321. 
Brazil: St. Catharina (Dr. Fritz Miller). 


TRICHAULUS FLAVESCENS (Miller). 
Critogaster flavescens Miller, Ent. Nachr., XIII., 1887, p. 161, ¢.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 321. 
Brazil: Rio de Janeiro (Dr. Emil A. Géldi). 


4 TRICHAULUS GOLDIANA (Miller). 
Critogaster goldiana Miller, Ent. Nachr., XIII., 1887, p. 161, o.— Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 321. 
Brazil: Rio de Janeiro (Dr. Emil A. Géldi). 


TRICHAULUS NUDA (Mayr). 
Critogaster nuda Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell, XXXV., 1885, p. 201, &.— Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 321. 
Brazil: St. Catharina (Dr. Fritz Miller). 


TRICHAULUS PILIVENTRIS (Mayr). 

Critogaster piliventris Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXV., 1885, p. 201, 3; 
T. 12, f. 25. —Fr. Miller, Kosmos, XVIII., 1886, p. 55.—Fr. Miller, op. cit., 
XIX., 1886, p. 54.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 321. 

Brazil: St. Catharina (Dr. Fritz Miller). 
Genus COLYOSTICHUS (Mayr). 
COLYOSTICHUS LONGICAUDIS Mayr, 

Colyostichus longicaudis Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXV., 1885, p. 

DROS: 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 397 


Heterandrium longipes Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXY., 1885, pp. 254— 
235, o'.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 316, “2. 
Brazil: St. Catharina (Dr. Fritz Miller). 


Supraminy II. TorymMinz. 
Genus LOCHITES Forster. 
LocHITES AURICEPS Ashmead. 
Lochites auriceps Ashmead, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XX., 1894, p. 158, &. 
— Dalla ‘Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 284. 
W. I.: St. Vincent, Grenada; Brazil: Chapada, in April. Three specimens. 


LACHITES SULCIUS (Walker). 
Callimome sulcius Walker, Monogr. Chale., II., 1839, p. 64, 9. 
Torymus sulcius Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 313. 
Brazil: Bahia; Chapada, in April. Three specimens. 


Genus SYNTOMASPIS Forster. 
SYNTOMASPIS CABURA (Walker). 
Callimome caburus Walker, Monogr. Chale., I1., 1864, p. 64, Qo. 
Torymus caburus Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 301. 
Brazil: Bahia (Walker). 
; SYNTOMASPIS APRILIS, sp. nov. 

Female.— Length 2.5 mm. ; ovipositor nearly as long as the body. Blue, with a 
very faint greenish tinge, the abdomen with a decided eeneous tinge. Head and 
thorax shagreened, with a thimble-like punctuation; ocelli pale; eyes brown; 
scape yellowish, the pedicel seneous, the flagellum dark brown; front and middle 
femora above and the hind femora blue, the front and middle tibiz, their tarsi and 
the hind tarsi, yellowish, the hind tibize dark brownish. Wings hyaline, the tegule 
and veins yellowish. 

Brazil: Carumba, in April. ‘Two female species. 


SYNTOMASPIS HOLCASPOIDEA, sp. nov. 

Female.— Length 2 mm. ; ovipositor longer than the abdomen. Robust, blue, 
the head and the thorax with a thimble-like punctuation ; ocelli red, placed nearly 
in a straight line; eyes brown; scape, pedicel, tips of front and middle femora, their 
tibize and tarsi and the hind tarsi, yellowish, the front and middle femora, except 
tips, and the hind tibize brownish-piceous, the hind femora blue ; flagellum brown- 
black. Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish. 


398 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Male. 
except that the scape of the antennze alone is yellow, the pedicel being seneous 


Length 1.2 to 1.5 mm. Agrees well with the 2 in color and sculpture, 


black. The abdomen is small, oval. 
Brazil: Chapada, in April; Corumba, in May. Two female and two male speci- 


mens. 
SYNTOMASPIS FLAVICOLLIS, sp. nov. 


Female-—Length 2.6 mm. ; ovipositor longer than the body. Bluish-green, the 
mesonotum posteriorly and the scutellum violaceous, the scape of antennze, the pro- 
thorax, the legs, including coxe, the tegule, venation of front wings, metapleura 
and the venter yellow or yellowish ; the flagellum is brown-black ; eyes very large, 
oval, brown. The head and the thorax are delicately shagreened, the scutellum 
with some sparse punctures beyond the apical ecross-furrow. Wings hyaline, the 
veins pale yellowish. 

Brazil: Chapada, in September. One female specimen. 


Genus TORYMUS Dalman. 
TORYMUS CUMELIS (Walker). 
Callimome cumelis Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 114, 9.—Spinola, 
Gay: Hist. fis. Cuba, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 464. 
Torymus cumelis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 308. 
Chile: Valparaiso (Walker). 


TORYMUS NONACRIS (Walker). 


Callimome nonacris Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 113, 2.—Spinola, 


Gay: Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 463, @. 
Torymus nonacris Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 311. 
Chile: Valparaiso, Walker; Brazil: Corumba, in April. One female specimen. 


TORYMUS CHAPADZ, sp. nov. 


Female—Length 2 mm. ; ovipositor a little longer than the body. Head and 


thorax above greenish-blue, the pleura, metathorax, cox, femora and abdomen 
blue, the scape, tibize and tarsi yellowish, the flagellum brown-black, the ocelli pale, 
the eyes brown. The head, thorax and scutellum are shagreened. Wings hyaline, 
the tegule and veins pale yellowish. The abdomen is very short, higher than long, 
but this may be due to an accident. 

Brazil : Chapada, highlands, in April. One female specimen. 


TORYMUS SMITHI, sp. nov. 
Female.—Length 3 mm.; ovipositor longer than the body. Blue, the head 
and thorax with a thimble-like punctuation, the tip of the scutellum smooth and 


ahi ele 


ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 399 


metallic green ; the scape, tegulee, veins and most of the legs, except the cox and 
the femora, are yellowish, the coxze and the hind femora are blue, the front and 
middle femora aboye and basally are brownish. 

Brazil: Chapada, in April; Para, in June. Two female specimens. 


ToryMus SYLVICOLA, sp. nov. 

Female-—Length 8 mm. ; ovipositor about the length of the body. Head and 
thorax metallic green, rather coarsely shagreened, the metathorax blue, the abdo- 
men «neous, with a brownish shade; scape and pedicel yellowish, the flagellum 
light brown; legs, except the hind coxz at basal two thirds which are metallic 
greenish, all brownish-yellow. Wings hyaline, the tegule and the veins pale 
yellowish. 


Brazil : Chapada, in forests in April and October. Two specimens. 


SupraMity III. MonoponToMERIN®. 


Genus MONODONTOMERUS Westwood. 
MONODONTOMERUS PHORMIO (Walker). 
Torymus phormio Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 113, 9.—Spinola, 
Gay: Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 466.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
1898, p. 311. 
Monodontomerus phormio Walter, Notes on Chale., I, p. 28. 


Chile: Valparaiso. 
Genus DIAMORUS Walker. 


This genus should occur in South America, but I have seen no representatives 
of it in any of the collections examined by me. ‘The species recorded and described 
by Dr. Mayr as Diamorus resemble genuine species very closely, but they really rep- 
resent the females of Mayr’s genus Physothoraw. 


Genus PHYSOTHORAX Mayr. 
PHYSOTHORAX ANNULIGER Mayr. 
Physothorax annuliger Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXYV., 1885, p. 198, 
&.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 321. 
Brazil: St. Catharina. 


PHYSOTHORAX BIARTICULATUS (Mayr). 
Nannocerus biarticulatus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XX XYV., 1885, p. 196, 
&.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 321. 
Brazil: St. Catharina. 


400 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


PHYSOTHORAX VARIABILIS (Mayr). 
Diamorus variabilis Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XX XY., 1885, p. 228, &. 
—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 291. 
Physothorax dorsiger Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXY., 1885, p. 197 
(wingless <).—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 321. 


PHYSOTHORAX MAYRI, sp. nov. 

Female.—Length, 2.6 mm.; ovipositor about as long as the body. Similar to P. 
variabilis Mayr, but the punctures of the head and thorax are not so close, the 
scape and the pedicel being yellow, the prothorax being wholly blue, not all yellow 
or in part, as in P. variabilis, the femora, except at tips, being mostly blue, while 
the front wings have a brownish fascia beneath the stigmal vein, a character found 
in no other species. 


Brazil, Genus PLESIOSTIGMA Mayr. 


: PLESIOSTIGMA BICOLOR Mayr. 
Plesiostigma bicolor Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XX XV, 1885, p. 227, 3; 
Taf. XIIL., f. 839, 40.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 316. 
Brazil: Blumenau (Dr. Fritz Miller). 


PLESIOSTIGMODES Ashmead, gen. nov. 
This genus differs from all the other genera in the subfamily by the much 
swollen front femora, by the very long pronotum, which is longer than the mesono- 
tum, and by the antennz having two ring-joints. 


PLESIOSTIGMODUS BRASILIENSIS, Sp. nov. 

Female-—Length 1.5mm. Head bluish eneous, with some minute punctures, 
the thorax more decidedly eeneous, with a decidedly metallic greenish tinge on the 
mesonotum and on the scutellum, and with some sparse, minute punctures; the 
thickened front and hind femora are also more or less greenish, the rest of the legs, 
except the coxze, and the scape of the antennz being yellowish, the pedicel and the 
flagellum brown-black ; the abdomen, except a bluish tinge basally, is eeneous black ; 
it is sessile, oblong and tapers off at apex, the first segment being the longest and 
having a slight median incision at apex. Wings hyaline, the tegulee and veins pale 
yellowish. 

Brazil : Corumba, lowland in May. One specimen. 


HEMITORYMUS Ashmead, gen. nov. 
This genus is allied to Cryptopristus Forster, but is easily separated by the hind 
femora being feebly serrate, without a distinct tooth, and by the venation in the 
front wings which agrees with Torymus and is quite different from Cryptopristus. 


re 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 401 


HEMITORYMUS THORACICUS, sp. noy, 

Female.—Length 4 mm., ovipositor much longer than the body. Head and 
metathorax metallic greenish, the metapleura blue, the rest of the thorax, the an- 
tennal scape and pedicel, the legs, except the hind coxze at base behind and the 
venter, yellow ; the abdomen above is more or less tinged with brown; the flagellum 
is long brown-black. The head and the thorax are shagreened and have a shallow 
thimble-like punctuation. The metathorax is smooth with distinct spiracular sulci, 
the spiracles being large, oblong-oval. The wings are hyaline, with the tegule and 
the veins pale yellowish. ‘The abdomen is oblong, as long as or a little longer than 
the head and the thorax united, and subcompressed along the venter basally. 

Brazil: Chapada, in September. One specimen. 


SupraMILty V. MrGASTIGMIN”. 
Genus MEGASTIGMUS Dalman. 


I have seen a single specimen of this genus taken in Brazil not in good condi- 
tion. It ought to be well represented in South America. 


Supramity VI. OrMyYRIN#. 
Genus ORMYRUS Westwood. 
ORMYRUS BRASILIENSIS, Sp. nov. 

Female-—Length 1.7 mm. Blue; ocelli red; the extreme base of the scape, the 
trochanters, knees, tips of the tibize and the tarsi, pale yellowish, the rest of the tibize 
brownish piceous ; wings hyaline, the veins light brownish. 

The head and the thorax are almost smooth, but under a strong lens exhibit five 
transverse aciculations. The third body segment of the abdomen has two transverse 
rows of punctures at base, the fourth has three rows, the punctures on the fifth are 
large and arranged in about four rows, while the sixth has an indistinct row at the 
extreme base. 

Brazil: Chapada, in April.- One specimen. This is the first species to be 
described from South America. 


SupramMity IV. PopaAGRIoNIN”®. 
Genus PODAGRION Spinola. 
PODAGRION BRASILIENSIS Howard. 
Podagrion brasiliensis Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XX V., 1896, p. 88, 
2.—Howard, Journ. Linn. Soe. London, Zool., XX VI., 1897, p. 182.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 369. 
Brazil: Santarem; Chapada. West Indies: Grenada. 


402 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


PODAGRION MELLEUS (Westwood). 


Palmon melleus Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, IV., 1847, p. 260. 
Podagrion melleus Walker, Notes on Chale., Pt. 2, 1871, p. 28.—Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 369. . 
Brazil. 
Host. Orthop.: eggs of Mantis brasiliana L. 


PODAGRION CYANEUS, sp. noy. 


Female. — Length about 3 mm. Blue (sometimes bronzed green above) ; the 


; 
antenn, except the club which is black, the legs, except the coxe basally and the | 
front and hind femora at basal two thirds which are blue, the abdomen along 
the venter and at apex, are yellowish. Wings hyaline, the tegul yellow, the veins 
light brown. The flagellum is long, strongly clavate, while the swollen hind femora 
are armed with from ten to twelve teeth. 
Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. | 
Differs from P. brasiliensis Howard in color and by the more numerous teeth on . 


the hind femora. | 


Famity LXII. CHALCIDIDE. 
Supramity [. LeucospPrpiInz. 


Genus POLISTOMORPHA Westwood. 


POLISTOMORPHA FASCIATA Westwood. 


Polistomorpha fasciata Westwood, Thes. Ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 134; Pl. XXV., f. 3.— 

Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 405. | 

Brazil: Amazon. . 
POLISTOMORPHA SPHEGOIDES Walker. 

Polistomorpha sphegoides Walker, Journ. Ent., I., 1860-61, p. 22.—Westwood, Thes. 
Ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 134; Pl. XXV., fig. 1—Schletterer, Berlin. ent. Zeitschr., 
XXV., 1890, p. 297.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 405. 

Brazil. 
POLISTOMORPHA SURINAMENSIS Westwood. 

Polistomorpha surinamensis Westwood, Germar, Zeitsch. f. Entom., I., 1839, p. 265, 
2.—Westwood, Thes. Ent. Oxon, 1874, p. 133; Pl. XXV., f. 2.—Schletterer, 
Berlin. ent. Zeitschr., XXV., 1890, p. 295.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
1898, p. 405. 

Brazil : Surinam. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 403 


Genus LEUCOSPIS Fabricius. 


LEUCOSsPIS AFFINIS Say. 


Leucospis affinis Say, Keating’s Narrat. Exped., I1., 1824, App., p. 327, 29¢°.—Lecon- 
te’s Ed. Say’s Works, I., 1859, p. 220.—Cresson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., IV., 
1872, p. 32.—Provancher, Natur. Canad., XII., 1881, p. 268, 2 ; fig. 12— 
Provancher, Faun. ent. Can. Hym., 1883, p. 567 ; fig. 83 —Schletterer, Berlin. 
ent. Zeitschr., XX XV., 1890, pp. 172, 175, 285.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
1898, p. 406. 

Leucospis subnotata Westwood, Ent. Mag., IT., 1834, p. 215, 9. —Westwood, Zeitschr. 
f. Ent., I., 1839, p. 250. 

Leucospis fraterna Say, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., I., 1836, p. 269.—Leconte’s Ed. 
Say’s Works, I., 1859, p. 718. 

Leucospis durxi Westwood, Zeitschr. f. Ent., I., 1839, p. 251, ©. 

Leucospis basalis (Klug) Westwood, Zeitschr. f. Ent., I., 1839, p. 264. 

Leucospis peyi Guerin, Iconogr. régn. anim., VIT., Ins., 1845, p. 414, °.—ILa Sagra’s 
Hist. fis. Cuba, VII., 1850, p. 754.—Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., IV., 1865, 
p. 177.—Cresson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., [V., 1872, p. 32. 

Leucospis canadensis Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1860, p. 17. 


Leucospis tapayosa Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1860, p. 21. 
Brazil (teste Schletterer). 


LEUCOSPIS CAYENNENSIS (Westwood). 


Metallopsis cayennensis Westwood, Germar’s Zeitschr. f. Entom., I., 1839, p. 264, '; 
A~ tA 
Leucospis mexicana Walker, Journ. Entom., [., 1860, p. 20, 9.—Cresson, Trans. Am. 
Ent. Soc., [V., 1872, p. 30. 
“pies PL 4 £11. 
Leucospis tomentosa Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soe. London, Zool., XVII., 1882, p. 70, 2. 
Leucospis cayennensis Schletterer, Berlin. ent. Zeitschr., XXXV., 1890, pp. 172, 174 
and 265; Pl. 6, f. 24——Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 407. 
Brazil. 


Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., I., 1883, 


LEUCOsPIS COXALIS Kirby. 


Leucospis coralis Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), XV., 1885, p. 243, 9.—Water- 
house, Aid Idend. Ins., Pt. XXVII., 1886; Pl. 169, f. 1, &.—Schletterer, 


Berlin. ent. Zeitschr., XXV., 1890, p. 271.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
1898, p. 407. 
Argentina: Buenos Aires. 


404 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


LEUCOSPIS CUPREOVIRIDIS Westwood. 

Leucospis cupreoviridis Westwood, Thes. Ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 135; Pl. XXV., f. 5.— 
Schletterer, Berlin. ent. Zeitschr., XX XV., 1890, p. 261.—Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 408. 

New Grenada. 


LEUCOSPIS DISTINGUENDA Schletterer. 
Leucospis distinguenda Schletterer, Berlin. Ent. Zeitschr., XXX V., 1890, pp. 172 and 
269, 2.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 408. 


Brazil. 
LEUCOSPIS EGAIA Walker. 


Leucospis egaia Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1860, p. 20, 9.—Schletterer, Berlin. ent. 
Zeitschr., XX XV., 1890, p. 273.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 409. 


Brazil: Ega. 
LEUCOSPIS HOPEI Westwood. - 


Leucospis hopei Westwood, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, p. 215, j.—Westwood, Germar’s 
Zeitschr. f. Ent., I., 1839, p. 258; T. 2, f. 3.—Spinola, Gay: Hist. fis. Chile, 
Zool., VI., 1851, p. 470; T. 4, f. 3.—Schletterer, Berlin. ent. Zeitschr., 
XXXY., 1890, pp. 171, 174 and 2805: T. G6; 4-22. 
Chile. 


LEUCOSPIS IGNOTA Walker. 


Leucospis ignota Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1860, p. 22, 3'.—Schletterer, Berlin. 
ent. Zeitschr., XXXV., 1890, p. 289.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, 
p- 411. 


Brazil ? 
LEUCOSPIS LEUCOTELUS Walker. 


Leucospis leucotelus Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), IX., 1852, p. 41, 9.— 
Schletterer, Berlin. ent. Zeitschr., XXXV., 1890, pp. 172 and 274.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 412. ; 


Brazil: Para. 
LEUCOSPIS PROPINQUA Schletterer. 


Leucospis propinqua Schletterer, Berlin. ent. Zeitschr., XX XV., 1890, pp. 171 and 
277, 2.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 413. 


Brazil. 
LEUCOSPIS SANTAREMA Walker. 


Leucospis santarema Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1860, p. 20, 9.—Schletterer, Berlin. 
ent. Zeitschr., XXXV., 1890, p. 279.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, 
p. 413. 
Brazil : Santarem. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 405 


LEUCOSPIS SPEIFERA Walker. 
Leucospis speifera Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1860, p. 21, 9.—Schletterer, Berlin. 
ent. Zeitschr., XX XV., 1890, p. 272.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 
413. 
Brazil: Ega. 


LEUCOSPIS ENDERLEINI, sp. nov. 
(Plate XXXL, Fig. 1.) 

Female—Length 7 mm.; ovipositor short, not extending to the base of the third 
abdominal segment. Color dull bronze, the head in front and the pleura bronzy 
green, with whitish hairs; a streak at sides, along the front margin and along the 
hind margin of the pronotum, yellow or yellowish, another streak along the sides 
of the mesonotum and along its hind margin just in front of the scutellum, and a 
yellow band along the hind femora above and beneath, and along the outer face of 
the hind tibie. 

The abdomen at the apex of the short second segment, the apex of the long third 
segment, and on the apical segments is metallic greenish and clothed with glittering 
white hairs. 

Brazil: Santarem in March. One female. Named in honor of Dr. Giinther 
Enderlein. 

This species is allied to L. cayennensis Westw. 


Genus EXOCHLASNUS Shipp. 
EXOCHLENUS ANTHIDIOIDES (Westwood). 
Leucospis anthidioides Westwood, Thes. Ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 185; pl. 25, f. 7— 
Schletterer, Berlin. ent. Zeitschr., XX XV., 1890, p. 257. 
Evochlenus anthidioides Shipp, The Entom., XXVIL., 1894, p. 245.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 404. 
Brazil. 
SupraMiLy I]. CHaLcrpina. 
Tripe I. Chaleidin. 
Genus PHASGONOPHORA Westwood. 
PHASGONOPHORA BATESIT Kirby. 
Phasgonophora batesii Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVII., 1883, p. 74, 
o'.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 371. 


Brazil: Santarem. 
PHASGONOPHORA CAUDATA (Sichel). 


Conura caudata Sichel, Blanchard, Hist. Nat. Ins., III., 1840, p. 256. 
Chaleis caudatus Guérin, Iconogr. régn. Anim., VII., 1845, Ins., p. 413; tab. 67, f. 6. 


406 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Phasgonophora caudata Sichel, Ann. Soc. ent. France (4), V., 1865, pp.*358 and 371, 
&%.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 571. 


Brazil. 
PHASGONOPHORA CONDALUS Walker. 


Phasgonophora condalus Walker, Entom., I., 1841, p. 134, 9.—Sichel, Ann. Soe. ent. 
France (4), V., 1865, pp. 8358 and 365.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, 
p. 371. 
Phasgonophora caudatus Guérin, Iconogr. régn. Anim., VII., 1845, Ins., p. 413 (def. 
ty pogr. ). 
Phasgonophora thoracica Sichel, Ann. Soc. ent. France (4), V., 1865, pp. 358 and 365. 
Brazil (Mr. Curtis’ collection). 


Genus TRIGONURA Sichel. 
TRIGONURA DORSALIS, sp. Nov. 

Female—Length 7.4mm. Entirely black, except the pronotum, the mesonotum 
and the scutellum which are red, and the front and middle knees, tips of tibize, and 
all the tarsi which are yellow. Wings hyaline, the tegule yellow, the veins brown 

Brazil: Santarem. Three specimens. 


TRIGONURA DENTIPES (Fabricius). 
Chaleis dentipes Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 165.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
1898, p. 387. 


South America. 
Genus THAUMATELIA Kirby. 


THAUMATELIA SEPARATA (Walker). 
Chaleis separata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), L, 1862, p. 352, &. 
Thaumatelia separata Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, XVII., 1883, p. 60; pl. 4, 
f. 9, 10.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 372. 


Brazil: Ega. 
THAUMATELIA PULCHRIPENNIS, sp. DOV. 


(Plate XXXI., Fig. 2.) 


Female. 
is black, rufous ; legs, except the hind femora which are rufous, black, the knees 


Length 15 mm. Black; the abdomen, except the long stylus which 


and tarsi, except the middle and hind pairs basally, honey-yellow. Wings with the 
apical half fuscous, the basal half yellowish and a large yellowish spot at tip of 
marginal vein, within the space formed by the postmarginal and stigmal veins. 
The seventh abdominal segment and the stylus basally are coarsely pitted or punc- 
tate. The antennz are long, filiform, the first joint of the flagellum being longer 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 407 


than the scape. The hind femora are armed with 7 moderate-sized teeth. The 
head and thorax, except the pronotum laterally, the middle lobe of the me- 
sonotum and the mesopleura beneath the insertion of the front wings, which 
are smooth and shining, with only a few punctures, are closely punctate or sculp- 
tured. 


Brazil: Chapada, Para, and Santarem. Five specimens. 


Genus PSEUDOCHALCIS Kirby. 
PSEUDOCHALCIS DECLARATOR (Walker). 
Halticella declarator Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 360, 9. 
Pseudochalcis declarator Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soe. London, XVIL., p. 61.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 394. 


Brazil: Ega. 
PSEUDOCHALCIS CONICA sp. nov. 


Female.—Length 4.5-5 mm. Black, coarsely punctate, the tegulee, tips of 
femora, the front tibize, except a black spot behind, middle and hind tibize, except a 
broad black annulus at the middle, and all tarsi sulphur yellow, the abdomen con- 
ically pointed, longer than the head and thorax united. 

Brazil: Santarem, in March and May. Four specimens. 


PSEUDOCHALCIS FLAVOPICTA, sp. nov. 

Male.—Length 5.5mm. Black, coarsely punctate, the front orbits, face below 
insertion of the antennze, scape, two large spots on dorsum of pronotum, a line on 
each side of the middle mesothoracic lobe, a spot on the outer front angle of the 
lateral lobes, a line on each side of the scutellum, the tegule, a line on the meso- 
pleura, a large spot on the metapleura, a spot at apex of metanotum, a large spot on 
each side of second segment of abdomen, and the legs, except as noted, yellow, the 
hind cox with a large spot above at base, and a large spot on the disk of the hind 
femora, black. 

Brazil: Corumba and Santarem. Three specimens. 


Genus STYPIURA Kirby. 
STYPIURA CONIGASTRA (Perty). 
Chalcis conigastra Perty, Delect. anim. artic., 1834, p. 134; Pl. XXVI., f 16— 
Spinola, Mem. acead. se. Torino (2), XIII., 1851, p. 44. 
Conura conigastra Blanchard, Hist. nat. Ins., IIT., 1840, p. 256. 
Halticella erythrotelus Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1861, p. 184. 
Phasgonophora conigastra Sichel, Ann. Soc. ent. France (4), V., 1865, p. 363, 


408 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Stypiura conigastra Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVII., 1883, p. 59.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 395. 
Brazil: Amazon; Santarem. One specimen. 


Genus EPITELIA Kirby. 
EPITELIA ACULEATA (Walker). 
Chalcis aculeata Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1861, p. 184, 9.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V., 1898, p. 385. 


3razil: Santarem. Four specimens. 


EPITELIA BASALIS (Walker). 
Halticella basalis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 361, 9.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 397. 
3razil: Santarem. Three specimens. 


EPITELIA STYLATA (Walker). 
(Plate XXXL, Fig. 3.) 
Chaleis stylata Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1861, p. 183, 9. 
Epitela stylata Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, XVII., 188.—Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 395. 
Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


Genus CHALCIS Fabricius. 
CHALCIS ANNULATA Fabricius. 

Chaleis annulata Fabricius, Syst. Ent., I1., 1793, p. 197.—Syst., Piez., 1804, p. 167.— 
Lamarck, Hist. nat. anim. s. vert., [V., 1817, p. 153.—Id., Ed. 27, IV., 1835. 
p. 365. 

Brachmyeria annulata Blanchard, Hist. nat. Insect., III., 1835, p. 393. 

Chalcis annulatus Howard, Journ. Tinn. Soc. London, Zool., XXV., 1894, p. 80, 
2%.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 380. 

Chaleis annulipes Walker, Ent. Mag., LI., 1834, p. 29. 

Chalcis ovata Say, Keating’s Narrat. Exped., II., 1824, p. 326.—Leconte, Ed. Say’s 
Works, I., 1859, p. 219.—Cresson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., [V., 1872, p. 59.— 
Litner’s First Rep. Ins., New York, 1882, p. 86.—Cameron, Biol. Centr. 
Amer. Hym., I., 1884, p. 99; Pl. 4, f. 16.—Provancher, Add. Fn. du Canada, 
Hym., 1887, p. 190. 

Leucospis integra Haldemann, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I]., 1844, p. 53, f.— 
Cresson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., IV., 1872, p. 35.—Schletterer, Berlin. ent. 
Zeitschr., XX XV., 1890, p. 291.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 411. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 409 


Chalcis incerta Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., [V., 1865, p. 101. 

Brachymeria panamensis Holmgren, Eugenies Resa Ins., 1868, p. 487. 

Chalcis flavipes Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVIT., 1883, p. 68.—Howard, 
in Scudder’s Butterflies U. 8., 1889, p. 1886; Pl. 88, figs. 14 and 15. 

North and South America. 
CHALCIS AUGARUS Walker. 

Chalcis augarus Walker, The Entom., I., 1841, p. 134, 9 c—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 

V., 1898, p. 386. 
Brazil (Mr. Curtis’ collection). 


CHALCIS DECRETA Walker. 
Chaleis decreta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 352, 9.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 381. 
Brazil: Santarem (Bates) ; Chapada, March. 


CHALCIS EURYTOMOIDES Walker. 
Chalcis ewrytomoides Walker, Trans. Ent. Soe. London (3), IL., 1864, p. 207, °.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 387. 
Brazil : Amazon (Bates). 
CHALCIS FERRUGINEA Fabricius. 
Chaleis ferruginea Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 165.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
1898, p. 387. 


Brazil. 
CHALCIS FERVIDA Walker. 


Chaleis fervida Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), IX., 1852, p. 42, 9.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 387. 


Brazil: Para. 
CHALCIS IMPLEXA Walker. 


Chaleis impleca Walker, Trans. Ent. Soe. London (3), I., 1862, p. 352, d'.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 388. 
Brazil: Ega (Bates); Santarem ; Corumba (many specimens). 


CHALCIS MINUTA (Linné). 
Vespa sp. Geoffroy, Hist. abr. Insect., I1., 1762, p. 380. 
Vespa minuta Linné, Syst. nat., Ed. 12%, 1., 1867, p. 952.—Ph. L. Miller, Linnéa 
Vollst. Natursyst., V., 2, 1775, p. 887.—Villers, C. Linnei Entom., II1., 1789: 
p. 272. Christ, Naturg. d. Insect., 1791, p. 246 


410 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Vespa femoralis Fourcroy, Entom. Paris, II., 1785, p. 437. 

? Sphex femoralis Christ, Naturg. d. Insect., 1791, p. 291. 

Chaleis femorata Dalman, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI., 1820, p. 143, % [exel. 
Q].—Nees, Hym. Ichn. affin. Monogr., I]., 1834, pp. 28 and 413 [excl. 
synon.].—Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., 1875, p. 18, 9o%. 

Ichneumon minutus Coquebert, Ilustr. iconogr. Insect., I., 1799, p. 19; T. 4, f. 7. 

Brodymeria minuta Westwood, Phil. Mag. (3), I., 1832, p. 127.—Blanchard, Hist, 
nat. Ins., III., 1840, p. 255.—Westwood, Intro. mod. Class. Ins. Synop., 
p. 66. 

Chaleis minuta Fabricius, Mant. Insect., I., 1787, p. 273.—Gmelin, Linné, Syst. nat., 
Ed. 13*, 1790, p. 2742.—Olivier, Encycl. méthod. Ins., V., 1790, p. 439.— 
Rossi, Fauna Etrusca, II., 1790, p. 58, .2—Fabricius, Ent. Syst., I1., 1793, 
p. 195.—Panzer, Faun. Insect. German., III., 1796, p. 19; 'T. 4, f. 7.—Walck- 
enaer, Faun. Paris, II., 1802, p. 77.—Schrékenstein, Verz. d. Halbkiifer, ete., 
1802, p. 30.—Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 165.—Latreille, Hist. nat. Crust. 
et Ins., XIII, 1805, p. 220.—Panzer, Krit-Revis., I1., 1806, p. 98.—Iliger, 
Rossi: Fauna Etrusca, Ed. 2*, II., 1807, p. 87.—Jurine, Nouv. méth. class. 
Hym., 1807, p. 315, 9.—Latreille, Gen. Crust. & Ins., IV., 1809, p. 26.— 
Spinola, Ann. Mus. hist. nat., XVII., 1811, p. 147.—Lamarck, Hist. nat. 
anim. s. vert., [V., 1817, p. 153.—Fouscolombe, Ann. Se. Nat., XX VL., 1832, 
p. 277.—Audouin, Hist. nat. Insect. Mus., 1842, p. 183, co; T. 18, fig. 5.— 
Blanchard, Cuvier: Régne anim., Ed. 3, Insect., II., 1849; T. 113, f. 5.— 
Spinola, Gay; Hist. fis. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 468, 9o.—Duméril, 
Mém. acad. se. Paris, XX XI., 1860, p. 959.—Disconzi, Entom. Vicent., 1865, 
p. 134; T. 9, f. 154.—Ed. André, Ann. Soc. ent. France (6), I., 1881; T. 9, f. 
5.—S. Saunders, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1881, Proc., p. xxiv.—Kirby, 


Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVIT., 1883, p. 65; Pl. 4, f. 45 and 46.— 


Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 390. 
Europe ; North and South America. 


CHALCIS MNESTOR Walker. 
Chalcis mnestor Walker, The Entom., I., 1841, p. 219.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V 
1898, p. 390. 
Brazil. 


Mr) 


CHALCIS ORSEIS Walker. 
Chaleis orseis Walker, The Entom., L., 1842, p. 338, Q. 
1898, p. 390. 
Brazil (Mr. Shuckard’s collection). 


Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 411 


CHALCIS PRODUCTA Olivier. 
Chaleis producta Olivier, Eneyel. Méthod. Ins., V., 1790, p. 438.—Dalla Torre Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 391. 


Brazil: Cayenne. 
? CHALCIS QUADRIPUNCTATA Fabricius. 


Chalcis quadripunctata Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 165.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V., 1898, p. 392. 


Brazil. 
? CHALCIS SERRIPES Fabricius. 


Chalcis serripes Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 164.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Haya V., 
1898, p. 392. 
Brazil (Mr. Shuckard’s collection). 


? CHALCIS SUBFASCIATA Holmgren. 
Chalcis subfasciata Holmgren, Eugenies Resa, Ins., 1868, p. 436, 9.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 393. 
Argentina: Buenos Ayres. 


CHALCIS TESTACEA Blanchard. 


Chalcis testacea Blanchard, Hist. nat. Ins., III., 1840, p. 254.—Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 393. 


Brazil: Cayenne. 
CHALCIS VICARIA Walker. 


Chaleis vicaria Walker, Journ. Ent., I., 1861, p. 183, ——Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V., 1898, p. 393. 
Brazil : Ega (Bates). 


CHALCIS VILLOSA Olivier. 


Chaleis villosa Olivier, Eneyel. Méthod. Ins., V., 1790, p. 438.—Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 393. 
St. Trinité. 
Tribe Il. Smierini. 
Genus SMICRA Spinola. 

Under this genus Dr. von Dalla Torre, in his Catalogus Hymenopterorum, has 
recorded about 200 species, described by Fabricius, Spinola, Walker and others, but 
of this number scarcely a dozen belong to Smicra Spinola, as restricted by Thomson 
and accepted by Howard and the writer; the vast majority belong to Spilochalcis 
Thomson, but many others fall into other genera characterized in this work. 


412 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


, SmicrA CLAVATA (Fabricius. ) 
Chalcis clavata Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 162.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
1898, p. 387. 


Brazil. 
Genus EPITRANUS Walker. 


EPITRANUS FULVESCENS Walker. 
Epitranus fulvescens Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, p. 26—Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soe. 
London, Zool., XVIL., 1883, p. 55; pl. 3, f. 6 and 7.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V., 1898, p. 383. 
West Indies: St. Vincent; South America: Brazil. 


EUSTYPIURA Ashmead, gen. nov. 
Allied to Spilochalcis, but easily separated by the abdominal differences, the 
eighth segment being greatly lengthened into a compressed stylus, as in Stypiwra 
Kirby. 


EUSTYPIURA BICOLOR, sp. nov. 
(Plate XXXL, Fig. 4.) 

Female—Length 9.5-10 mm. Pale honey-yellow; eyes green; the pedi- 
cel and the first three or four basal joints of the flagellum, the middle and hind 
cox, tips of their tibiee, middle tarsi, hind trochanters, basal half of hind femora, 
and the abdomen, except the stylus and sometimes the seventh segment, black, 
Wings hyaline, tinged with yellowish toward base, the veins light brownish. The 
hind femora are armed with one moderately large tooth, followed by about fourteen 
minute teeth. 

Male.—Length 7 mm. Agrees well with the female, except that there is a dusky 
median streak on the mesonotum posteriorly and the abdomen is ovate, without a 
stylus. 

Brazil: Santarem, in April; Chapada, in March and April. Described from five 


females and two males. 
EUSTYPIURA SEXMACULATA, sp. nov. 


(Plate XXXI., Fig. 6.) 

Female—Length 9-10 mm. General color pale honey-yellow ; pedicel and four 
or five basal joints of the flagellum, the occiput, a spot on the anterior face of the 
pronotum, the middle lobe of the mesonotum, except along the parapsidal furrows, 
the inner margins of the lateral lobes, the axillze and base of scutellum, the apex of 
scutellum, tips of hind femora, a spot at apex of hind femora beneath, and the base 
and apex of hind tibiz, black ; the abdomen has some faint transverse brownish 
bands. Wings hyaline. The hind femora are armed with one moderate-sized tooth 
at base, followed by sixteen or seventeen minute teeth. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 4138 


Brazil: Santarem; Maruru; Para. Three specimens. The specimen from 
Maruru has the basal half of the hind femora black; while that from Para has a 
spot at base and the apex of the stylus black. 


EUSTYPIURA SMITHIT, sp. nov. 


Female. 


Length 12 mm. Pale honey-yellow ; the pedicel and the flagellum are 
brown-black, paler beneath at apex; two triangular black spots on the middle 
mesothoracic lobe anteriorly, and two faint streaks behind these; the lateral lobes 
have a black spot on the inner margins; the scutellum has a narrow transverse band 
at base and its tip black ; while the hind femora have a black spot at apex beneath. 
Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish. The abdomen has the segments two to seven 
faintly brownish at apex. The hind femora are armed with one large long tooth at 
base followed by about nine or ten small teeth, the small teeth tipped with black. 
Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


Genus SPILOCHALCIS Thomson. 
SPILOCHALCIS ABDOMINALIS (Walker). 
Smiera abdominalis Walker, Journ. of Ent., I., 1861, p. 177, &. 
Smicra ambigua Cresson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., [V., 1872, p. 44, &%. 
Smicra abdominalis Cresson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1V., 1872, p. 57, @.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 372. 
Mexico: Orizaba (Sallé); South America: Brazil. 


SPILOCHALCIS ACCILA (Walker). 
Smiera accila Walker, the Entom., I., 1841, p. 218.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
1898, p. 373. 
Brazil (Mr. Shuckard’s collection). 


SPILOCHALCIS ACUTA (Fabricius). 
Chalcis acuta Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 161.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, 
p. 385. 


Brazil. 
SPILOCHALCIS ADJUNCTA (Walker). 


Smiera adjuncta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), IL., 1864, p. 189, %. 
Smicra adjuncta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 


SPILOCHALCIS ADMIXTA (Walker). 
Smiera admixta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), IT., 1864, p. 189, &. 
Smicra adjuncta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 


414 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Genus SPILOCHALCIS Thomson. 


SPILOCHALCIS AMULA (Walker). 


Smiera emula Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), IT., 1864, p. 192, 9. 
Smicra exnula Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
SPILOCHALCIS ZQUALIS (Walker). 
Smiera equalis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), IL, 1864, p. 200, &. 
Smicra xqualis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
SPILOCHALCIS AFFICTA (Walker). 
Smiera afficta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., p. 184, &. 
Smicra afficta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
SPILOCHALCIS ALIENATA (Walker). 
Smiera alienata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 195, 9. 
Smicra alienata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 393. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
SPILOCHALCIS ANNEXA (Walker). 
Smiera annexa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 204, 9. 
Smicra annexa Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 


SPILOCHALCIS ANNULIFERA (Walker). 


Smiera annulifera Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 202, 9. 


Smicra annulifera Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
SPILOCHALCIS APPARATA (Walker). 
Smiera apparata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 186, 9. 
Smicra apparata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
SPILOCHALCIS APPRESSA (Walker). 
Smiera appressa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), IT., 1864, p. 186, 9. 
Smicra appressa Walker, Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
SPILOCHALCIS ATTACTA (Walker). 
Smiera attacta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 206, 2. 
Smicra attacta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373, 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 415 


SPILOCHALCIS BERGII (Kirby). 
Smicra (?) bergii Kirby, Ann. & Nat. Hist. (5), XV., 1885, p. 244, 9 o.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 
Uruguay. 


SPILOCHALCIS BLANDA (Walker). 
Smiera blanda Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), IT., 1864, p. 199, 2%. 
Smicra blanda Dalla, Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 374. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 


SPILOCHALCIS BURMEISTERI (KIRBY). 

Smicra burmeisteri Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVIL., 1883, p. 73.— 
Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), XV., 1885, p. 248.—Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 243. 

Brazil: St. Paulo; Argentine. 


SPILOCHALCIS CAPITULATA (Costa). 
Smiera capitulata Costa, Ann. Mus. Zool. Napoli, IT. (1862), 1864, p. 68, &%. 
Smicra capitulata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 374. 


Brazil. 
SPILOCHALCIS CELSA (Walker). 


Smiera celsa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I1., 1864, p. 201, 3%. 
Smicra celsa Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 374. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 


SPILOCHALCIS COGNATA (Walker). 
Smiera cognata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 204, 9. 
Smicra cognata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 374. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 


SPILOCHALCIS COMPOSITA (Walker). 
Smiera composita Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 188, &. 
Smicra composita Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 


SPILOCHALCIS CONGRUA (Walker). 
Smiera congrua Walker, Journ. Ent., I., 1861, p. 176, &. 
Smicra congrua Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
Brazil: Santarem (Bates). 


SPILOCHALCIS CONTRACTA (Walker). 
Smiera contracta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soe. London (3), II., 1864, p. 184, 9. 
Smicra contracta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 


416 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


SPILOCHALCIS CONTRIBUTA (Walker). 
Smiera contributa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soe. London (3), II., 1864, p. 201, &%. 
Smicra contributa Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 


Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
SPILOCHALCIS COsTALIS (Walker). 


Smiera costalis Walker, Journ. Ent., I., 1861, p. 174, @. 
Smicra costalis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 


Brazil : Para. 
SPILOCHALCIS DARES (Walker). 


Smiera dares Walker, The Entom., I., 1842, p. 338, 9. 
Smicra dares Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
Brazil (Mr. Shuckard’s collection). 


(?) SPILOCHALCIS DECIPIENS (Kirby). 
Smiera decipiens Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVIT., 1883, p. 73.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
Brazil: Villa Nova, Amazon. 


SPILOCHALCIS DECISA (Walker). 

Smiera decisa Walker, Journ. Ent., I., 1861, p. 176, &. 

Smicra decisa Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
Brazil: St. Paulo. 


SPILOCHALCIS DEDUCTA (Walker). 
Smiera deducta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I1., 1864, p. 206, 9. 
Smicra deducta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 


SPILOCHALCIS DEFUNCTA (Walker). 


Smiera defuncta Walker, ‘Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 189, 9. 
Smicra defuncta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 


3razil (Mr. Bates). 
SPILOCHALCIS DEMONSTRATA (Walker). 


Smiera demonstrata Walker, Journ. Ent., I., 1861, p. 175, @. 
Smicra demonstrata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 576. 
Brazil: Villa Nova (Bates). 


SPILOCHALCIS DEMOTA (Walker). 


Smiera demota Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 205, 9. 
Smicra demota Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 376. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 41 


SPILOCHALCIS DEPICTA (Walker). 
Smiera depicta Walker,'Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 203, 
Smicra depicta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 376. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 


+0 


SPILOCHALCIS DESCRIPTA (Walker). 
Smiera descripta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 197, &. 
Smicra descripta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 376. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 


SPILOCHALCIS DETRACTA (Walker), 
Smiera detracta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soe. London (3), I1., 1864, p. 202, &. 
Smicra detracta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 376. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
SPILOCHALCIS DIMOTA (Walker). 
Smiera dimota Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 196, 9. 
Smicra dimota Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 376. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
SPILOCHALCIS DISCALIS (Walker). 
Smiera discalis Walker, Journ. Ent., [., 1861, p. 178, °. 
Smicra discalis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 376. 
Brazil : Ega (Mr. Bates). 
SPILOCHALCIS DISCOLOR (Walker). 
Smiera discolor Walker, Journ. Ent., I., 1861, p. 180, &. 
Smicra discolor Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 376. 
Brazil : St. Paulo (Mr. Bates). 


SPILOCHALCIS DisposiTA (Walker). 
Smiera disposita Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1864, p. 196, °. 
Smicra disposita Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 376. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
SPILOCHALCIS ENYO (Walker). 
Smiera enyo Walker, The Entom., I., 1841, p. 135, 2%. 
Smicra enyo Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 376. 
Brazil (Mr. Curtis’ collection). 


SPILOCHALCIS EXHAURIENS (Walker). 
Smiera exhawriens Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I1., 1898, p. 198, 9. 
Smicra exhauriens Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 376. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 


418 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


SPILOCHALCIS EXPLETA (Walker). 
Smiera expleta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soe. London (3), II., 1864, p. 197, &. 
Smicra expleta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 376. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
SPILOCHALCIS FLAVA (Fabricius). 
Chalcis flava Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 261.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, 
p. 388. 
South America: Brazil. 


SPILOCHALCIS ANDREI Ashmead, n. n. 


Smicra flavescens André, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (6), I., 1881, p. 8343.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 377. 
Guiana. 
SPILOCHALCIS FOVEATA (Kirby). 
Smicra foveata Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., XVII., 1883, p. 71, 9.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 377. 
Brazil : Amazon. 
SPILOCHALCIS GHILIANII (Spinola), 
Smicra ghiliani Spinola, Mem. acead. sc. Torino (2), XIII, 1851, p. 46, 9.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 377. 
Brazil. 
SPILOCHALCIS GRACILIS (Kirby). 
Smicra gracilis Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), IV., 1889, p. 143.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 377. 
Brazil : Theresopolis. 
SPILOCHALCIS ILLATA (Walker). 
Smiera lata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 848, &. 
Smicra illata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 377. 
Brazil: Ega. 
SPILOCHALCIS INCERTA (Kirby). 


Smiera incerta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I1., 1864, p. 183, Q nee &, 


Smicra incerta Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., X VIL, 1883, p. 72.—Dalla Torre, - 


Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 377. 
Brazil: Amazon. 
SPILOCHALCIS LANCEOLATA (Walker). 
Smiera lanceolata Walker, Journ. Ent., L., 1861, p. 174, 9. 
Smicra lanceolata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 378. 
Brazil: Santarem (Mr. Bates). 


— ee es ake 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 419 


SPILOCHALCIS LEPREURII (Spinola). 
Smicra lepreurti Spinola, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, [X., 1840, p. 98, #.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 378. 


Brazil: Cayenne. 
SPILOCHALCIS LOBATA (Costa). 


Smiera lobata Costa, Ann. mus. zool. Napoli, II. (1862), 1864, p. 68. 
Smicra lobata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 578. 


? Brazil. 
? SPILOCHALCIS LUTEIPENNIS (Walker), 


Smiera luteipennis Walker, Journ. Ent., I., 1861, p. 172, 9 &. 
Smicra luteipennis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 378. 
Brazil. 


SPILOCHALCIS MULTINOTATA (Costa). 
Smiera multinotata Costa, Ann. mus. zool. Napoli, II. (1862), 1864, p. 68, 9. 
Smicra multinotata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 379. 


? Brazil. 
SPILOCHALCIS NEBULOSA (Walker). 


Smiera nebulosa Walker, Journ. Ent., I., 1861, p. 180, @. 
Smicra nebulosa Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 380. 
Brazil: Ega (Mr. Bates). 


? SPILOCHALCIS NIGRICORNIS (Fabricius). 
Chaleis nigricornis Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl., 1798, p. 248.—Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 
1804, p. 163.—Jurine, Nouv. Méth. Class. Hym., 1807, p. 316, 2 &%. 
Smicra nigricornis Cresson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soe., [V., 1872, p. 57.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 380. 


Brazil. 
SPILOCHALCIS OBLITERANS (Walker). 


Smiera obliterans Walker, Journ. Ent. I., 1861, p. 175, 9 &. 
Smicra obliterans Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 380. 


Brazil: Santarem. 
SPILOCHALCIS PEIROLERII (Spinola). 


Smiera peirolerii Spinola, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., XVII., 1811, p. 147 (s. deserip.). 
Smicra peirolerii Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 386. 
Brazil. 


SPILOCHALCIS PERA (Kirby). 
Smicra pera Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVIL., 1883, p. 72.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 331. 
Brazil. 


420 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


SPILOCHALCIS PICTA (André). 
Smicra picta André, Ann. Soc. ent. France (6), I., 1881, p. 341, 9.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym, V., 1898, p. 381. 
? Brazil. 
SPILOCHALCIS PIELUS (Walker). 
Smiera pielus Walker, Ent. Mag., V., 1838, p. 470, &. 
Smicra pielus Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 381. 
Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. 


SPILOCHALCIS PYGMZA (Fabricius). 


Chalcis pygmexa Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 162.—Blanchard, Hist. Nat. Ins., IIL., 
1840, p. 254.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 392. 


Brazil. 
SPILOCHALCIS QUINQUESIGNATA (Costa). 


Smiera quinquesignata Costa, Ann. mus. zool. Napoli, II. (1862), 1864, p. 68, 9. 
Smicra quinquesignata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 381. 
? Brazil. 
SIPLOCHACIS REFERATOR (Walker). 
Smiera referator Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 347, 9. 
Smicra referator Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 381. 
Brazil: Ega (Mr. Bates). 


SPILOCHALCIS SORDIDA (Walker). 


Smiera sordida Walker, Journ. Ent., I., 1861, p. 177, Q. 
Smicra sordida Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 382. 
Brazil: Villa Nova (Mr. Bates). 


SPILOCHALCIS TERMINALIS (Walker). 


Smiera terminalis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 200, 9. 
Smicra terminalis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 383. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
SPILOCHALCIS TORRIDA (Walker). 
Smiera torrida Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), X., 1852, p. 46, 9. 
Smicra torrida Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 383. 


Brazil: Para. 
SPILOCHALCIS VACILLANS (Walker). 


Smiera vacillans Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 199, 9. 
Smicra vacillans Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 383. 
Brazil. 


oe a a ee 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 431 


SPILOCHALCIS VARIEGATA (Fabricius). 


Chaleis variegata Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 160.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 


10. 


1898, p. 393. 
Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
TABLE OF NEW SPECIES. 


PEL HOTA a Velo Main NONY SV QUO cisclsiste,siaierarele swale? aisle cls'e/e.d. cls .o.o7se sTeters tate tta ain slpuefeteerseh ceot telciavatamat (LO 


Thorax black or mostly black, or red. 


MENOnOtUMreMnTG hyn Dl AGkare visits ave spe a, olelc oieloree 2 ere vit Mminaislm ais oun ei ne epeks soem sis aide eVeioysin enn ee 
NIGSOUGM MEN) PveNUE lyn MACK te seats one nieve: clots isms helciclarsiersictestor-orevenen ccs sargicie’ ate waist, fia,aatoreres we 
Dorsum! of pronotumientirely VEO ws s\<tci<esais) sie. o/c)elei<(s/s0s, ne @\nlieiw aieveiae.c. v'evaieieis:n[ebisjs oos/e/en\ sm, sje, 0/0) <3 5 3 


Dorsum of pronotum not entirely yellow. 

Hind margin of pronotum with a yellow line on each side ; elypeus except anteriorly, the front 
and hind orbits, all tarsi, and a line on each side of the scutellum, yellow ; abdomen black 
with only the petiole yellow! Oi.ct2..'p eine vievete, v/aicievernlemhala Maae caine aiere Saree oie Sees COMBOS 

Hind margin of pronotum entirely yellow ; head entirely black ; lateral mesothoracie lobes with 
a yellow spot in front of the tegulze ; scutellum with a yellow line across the base ; abdomen 
SUPINE Y DIA Oe ie yeen occa lester revel Sale lakers oo ne eiel rai stone ove labelerereversieie eToeiereseestecaiershon Cur Lie 

Wid dlermesothoracie lope: embinely DISCK: 5.1..che. sas tosevareistorsia- sw ieyelane teers ere ebsiay nie) eynehe wesraboiererey sine sig wae 
Middle mesothoracic lobe not entirely black, either margined with yellow or with minute yellow or red- 

dish dots: or “spots, sometimes Ted. ON TEC IN PAL ss <a sscercemniels eepe mae cis mele aie bse s\ete ce eels ere els 10 
Front orbits, a spot on hind orbits below, the scape, the apical half of scutellum, except the apical ridge, 


the legs, excepta large spot on hind femora above at apex and their tarsi, yellow ; lateral mesothoracie 


lobes and the axillze black ; abdomen with the basal half or more ferruginous, 2....S. santaremensis. 
REN orerka seo vewpO Lgl e Oem emne tereteetstate trels ater sint ototetokaiefocsele iat sisbelehciorare iaiavetnsoynstereverapasneieteaieteysre siete etereieve LL 


Thorax above red or red for the greater part. 
EMAC Ose DUR OKs eters ares le rar ciayalertaloriaiete: stataies ofc) siereceiisiaiclelonicce clots nus cimenctaiaeta tie iota) vies cio cme O 
Hind coxze ferruginous or yellow, but sometimes with a black spot or line................ 7 
Head red; thorax except pleura and metathorax which are black, red; scape, front and middle 
legs and the long petiole of abdomen, yellow; body of abdomen rufous; hind femora and tibice 


FOTTUOINOUS Piers eo eye stealer a sla snore aloha 5 2%) a gosh rcjoyalen oni niet ateeiete sts cee ales, ealsisinn aia se soles PUPOGOTEALES: 


4 Head normal’ seen-fromiuinifrony not wider than, JONG... cs occ coc cmee deed vet ceiccacetcehces. 8 


Head abnormal, seen from in front much wider than long. 
Thorax, except the sutures, red, the pronotum with a yellowish tinge ; scape, front and middle 
legs, yellow, the middle femora toward apex and the tibiz toward base brownish, the hind 


femora duskylatimiddle abdomen red; (9)... oo cate oi dale wereele d wovae cclecieclee sea Se laticeps. 
RED OTR ATE OSL sO teases taratey taratene oh Seve Shela c at eco, aia ara 0; cleveie\svelsia oi ser deraal a aleraiae earaisinin eieleinl VakeRNO ON.» 0 9 
[DHGraAx NOU Varner ee eet te Pa Acer y aarenate oe Biases is siiciwivic vated Wore Neth Malate eiatiste testy aise serasiets. LO 


. Thorax, except the middle mesothoracic lobe posteriorly and the metathorax which are black, red ; 


base of antennze and the legs yellow ; abdomen yellowish, the petiole black, 2....iS. nigropetiolata, 
Thorax, except the middle mesothoracic lobe posteriorly, the lateral lobes and the scutellum which 
are red, black ; head black; front and middle legs yellow; hind femora black ; hind tibize and 
tarsi and the long abdominal petiole, yellow, 9........... 0.00 ee cece ee ee ee ee ee oS. rufoscutellaris, 
Thorax, except the middle mesothoracic lobe posteriorly and the metathorax which are black, red ; 


legs yellow ; abdomen pale ferruginous, the petiole black. ......................S. nigropetiolata, 


429 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


11. 


15. 


14, 


16. 


17. 


18. 


19. 


Thorax above wholly red, the pleura and metathorax black; head black ; scape, front and middle 
legs and the abdomen at base pale yellowish ; hind legs, except tarsi, pale ferruginous, °. 
S. flavobasalis. 
Thorax above mostly black, without small yellow or reddish dots, the lobes margined with yellow.. 12 
Thorax above mostly black, but the dorsum with many small yellow or reddish dots. 
Legs mostly black, the knees of front and middle legs, the base and apex of tibiz, and all tarsi, 
yellow; abdomen black with two transverse white lines at apex of the second dorsal seg- 


ment, 2. 4, Oye okay oe SHO che US tlete Le aie Fa aa AO ee ot SO ee ee ee) UCL OL ITS AS 


. Hind coxze sruceieaiteaier Black: awithy yellow BtrUpeas «crate «ais s)a'eie e <form er aieteie aiaiatet tree aire nee ee 


Hind coxze not mostly black ; mesothoracic lobes ameseen with Cerio sidigighe slbransrats elu sraye connate, 
Hind coxze with a yellow spot at base above or striped black and sane ae pee les 
Hind coxe without a yellow spot at base. Head, except the front orbits, ase ae ee with a 
line on each side of the middle mesothoraciec lobe and two large spots on the scutellum, yellow ; 
hind femora with a spot at apex, the front and middle legs except the coxee, the hind tarsi and the 
petiole’ of ‘the abdomen; \yellow, (Smet onys 2 nie ele) «1's svese. vier tasers enicie noe Soleiaiers eeepc Re LOT NIC TALE 
Vertex with no irregular yellow marks, otherwise similar to S. flavopetiolata, except that the scutellum 
has two oblong yellow spots, one on each side, the metanotum and the mesopleura being im- 
maculates, 226 Ro oe veice ae wispa esis ciara @ ita tye Maer -e eis tein Selo ale rover nye olate eh oe ihe oefelnetate ease inte) acheieh eee. 
Vertex with irregular allow marks, or the ocelli ee with alia: front Bae clypeus, a line on 
each side of the middle mesothoracie lobe, a spot on the lateral lobes, two oblong spots at base of 
scutellum nearly confluent, two spots on metanotum, a spot on mesopleura beneath the tegule and 
a small spot in front of it, and the legs, except the coxz, the base of front and middle femora 
beneath, and most of hind legs which are black, yellow ; the hind cox have a yellow spot at base 
above connected with a long yellow stripe beneath ; hind femora margined with yellow at base and 
above, and also with a yellow spot outwardly near the apex ; hind tibize with a yellow line outwardly 
extending from near the base to the apex.............0c0cece ce cece cece secns ede flayoorbitals. 


. Front wings maculate, or with a fuscous spot or cloud from the tip of the stigmal vein..,....... 16 


Front wings immaculate, or without a fuscous spot or cloud from the tip of the stigmal vein....... 21 
Head not entirely yellow, the occiput and the scrobes or the middle of the face black.............. 17 
Head entirely syellowis:.is: siceisreart oie viens Riera erneien wae aueyeat ate yb ier are cae STonleicne Tae ig rote hake 
Seutellum mostly yellow with a central black spot; if black margined with yellow, the axille never 
wholly black, the ridge or plate at apex entire... pee tae eae coe oaks si nhs) alters sie, hg eee ete eeie ene 
Seutellum mostly black with two large yellow Ee aa confluent at apex, the axille w holly black, 
the ridge at apex emarginate; front and middle legs yellow, @.............-,-.--- 5. persimilis. 
All legs entirely yellow, except a spot, sometimes faint or nearly obsolete, on hind coxe above.... 19 
Front and middle legs entirely yellow, the hind legs marked with black, the coxze more or less black 
AID OVO SD feta siéx tonaen Ciaveter ean Slene chet eeevroe PPO Ta ek ISON Taro eeVeN onal eh os SEe ran =) ser aetene Take casio: Wie MEL En ELL CULLEN 
Abdomen fusiformly pointed and yellow, except the sheaths of the ovipositor which are black. 
All mesothoracie lobes black margined with yellow ; scutellum yellow with a large central black 
spot ; mesopleural furrow black ; hind coxe with a distinct black spot, 9 ....... .S. perplexa. 
Not all of the mesothoracic lobes black margined with yellow, the lateral lobes being wholly 


yellow ; spot on hind coxe nearly obsolete, 2 ........ 2 eee cece cece ee cece ee ee AS. Unitator. 


. Thorax mostly yellow with the sutures, a median stripe or line on the middle mesothoracic lobe pos- 


teriorly and on the scutellum, black ; all legs yellow ; abdomen as in S. imitator, 2..... S. simillima. 
Thorax mostly yellow but with the middle mesothoracic lobe anteriorly and the tip of the metathorax 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 423 


dusky or black, the scutellum entirely yellow ; all legs yellow but the hind coxve above ferruginous 
or blackish at apex ; abdomen ferruginous, the petiole long, blackish at base, the body oblong oval, 


tinged with fuscous or blackish at sides towards apex, @ ... 6.6... 0.0. c eee ee ee ee eee S. chapade. 
orl Pa UN OLA RSME EN ULELY sV.OULO Wisifocl iete sacfetsiniete fe arereiai either eee sie weieeinia: isles areue ate ppaeielnisietersipt eisteieiets! 222 
Mhoraxentinelyeycllow iMmMAeniabeincc\. cations oe tsieieMslees sel ddypes Ges cp eS aniosterreee ec hiveise)<, LO 


22. Middle mesothoracie lobe yellow with two small black spots or short lines on the anterior margin and 
a black spot posteriorly . eee aare aie Panay Chala nai erree s e.cGaue siege Shale mice as Reale ice tee etary MO 
23. Middle mesothoracic lobe with a large triangular black ne or black with the sides and the base (the 


part near the scutellum) margined with yellow or white (the black sometimes with a yellow central 


Middle mesothoracie lobe aeitke differently marked... 


SOL) 5, Saxe Remus eR Piette ete icine nt wcar cists iets mn greens, oye satel al crevaivch acpiseyecsi'aya absabe GA) sya) Ble Rcusialees arabe e'c neck 
Middle mesothoracic lobe with one or more black lines, or with a central black spot.............. 44 
24. Middle mesothoracic lobe margined with yellow. .... 2... 0.0000 cece eee we ce cece cece cecececesese LO 


Middle mesothoracie lobe margined with white. 
Head, except the scrobes and the occiput, the pronotum above, the outer margins of the lateral 
mesothoracie lobes, two large spots on the scutellum, a line on each side of the metathorax 
and the front and middle legs white or yellowish-white, ....................S. albomaculata. 


bo 
wn 


. Hind coxe not mostly black, either ferruginous or yellow, but sometimes spotted or striped with black. 

26 

Hind coxze nearly wholly black, or at most with a yellowish spot at base above or below; body of 
abdomen rufous or pale ferruginous, the petiole yellow. 

Hind cox black except a spot at base beneath ; mesothoracie lobes mostly red margined with 

vellowirmpleuranb lacks) Sista vectasicleite cartelers wetaekonea clea cates aicaler oe tents ite crete gore ee SILTECN CMC 

Hind coxze black except a spot at base above; mesothoracie lobes black margined with yellow ; 

abdomen red., ae avatate : Pewie seis cals he leeeenise amen engtenogaacen. 

26. Hind coxze striped ipeeieialts with awake or SS auch ae We Tee han terto tamale wae el 

Hind coxe not so marked, at the most with only a black spot, but fr eiienas immaculate, except at the 

GQMUNEMI SM ER get, ere parete re ee fe ea tarsoray's eae ee eases slece SUS esata a tecee eho te tet a he meas to a aie iaaeiete amok tok ii ont 

27. Lateral mesothoracic lobes along the outer and basal margins yellow ; scutellum black with a yellow 

band across the base, the axillze wholly yellow, except a delicate black line at base ; hind femora 

mostly yellow with a leg of mutton shaped black spot extending from the base to near the middle, 

and a curved black line toward apex; abdomen black and yellow, the petiole, base of the second, 

third:and fourthydorsall segments black) “Qe... cpg oeee we cone ccesiesiee wales cieine ae +09. (LAVOERULATIS. 

Lateral mesothoracie lobes with an oblique yellow spot on the outer basal angle ; scutellum with two 

spots at base and its apex yellow, the axillee wholly black; hind femora mostly black marked with 


yellow at base and above and with a curved yellow line outwardly at apex ; abdomen yellow and 


black banded, the petiole yellow. .......... cc. cc cece ceececceccccecccsscsceee f S. flavoorbitalis. 

28. All cox:e yellow, immaculate, except sometimes the hind cox at the extreme apeX...........-.-. 32 
All coxie not yellow, immaculate, the hind coxe maculate or at least dusky at base or at apex or with 

Gol Armen HORS Ust. mttawsie tenes wiaejvecPetacavcrs oraravetevoraere ere cals aleve ata, eel ear ole aroha eats nial sie. ctersjslsis"ais ais aisieis, 20 

29. Head not entirely yellow, the occiput and the scrobes, or the middle of the face, black,............ 80 
FLCAC RON UITGLY SY CLLO Wieneteetaen ie sterecictetco nic eisse Gein icine! sis Soke haveteorarel pole state ow rele nae tvdesie be sissies ay WOE 


30. Middle mesothoracie lobe margined with yellow and with a small yellow spot in the black before the 
middle, the lateral lobes margined with yellow outwardly ; scutellum margined all around with yel- 


low, the axille with a yellow spot behind ; dorsum of pronotum yellow with a small black spot on 


424 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Bl. 


33. 


34. 


36. 


a) 


40. 


each side, meso- and metapleura marked with yellow ; hind femora yellow with four black spots on 
the outer face and one small spot on the inner face; abdomen short ovate, the petiole about four 


times as long as thick, the segments 3 to 8 at sides banded with black or fuscous.... ..S. marginata. 
Face with a long acute tubercle between the insertion of the antennie, yellow, a large triangular black 
spot on middle mesothoracice lobe, the outer margins of the lateral lobes, mesopleura, and spot on 
metanotum black ; abdomen pale ferruginous ; Q2............. elawews ones J. euberculata, 
Middle mesothoracic lobe with a Jarge triangular black spot or black ‘with the sides aid the base (the 
part nearest the scutellum) yellow, the lateral lobes also margined outwardly with yellow...... 33 
Middle mesothoracic lobe with one or more black lines, the lateral lobes usually immaculate.... 44 
Scutellum yellow with a central black line or spot, the axillz not entirely black, usually yellow with 
a black spot. . OTOP EE Ta TITS! TE TET ter eo OER Ec rOaIee Ho alos Ge 
Scutellum yellow with a large quadrate bind spot at jai the siites black. 
Scutellum at apex emarginate or bidentate ; hind femora marked with black ; their tibize bian- 
nulate with black ; abdomen conic-ovyate, the petiole not more than thrice as long as thick. 
S. bidentata, 
Occiput’ and the vertex yellow, the scrobes always yellow... .......20-0cceceecrececceccsceces 4a 
Occiput and the vertex black, the scrobes always black. 
The triangular black spot on the middle mesothoracic lobe without a central yellow spot... 35 


The triangular black spot on the middle mesothoracic lobe with a central yellow spot...... 39 
. Mesopleural furrow (the femoral furrow of the mesopleura) black ................0.2-0e0eeeeee. 86 
Mesopleural furrow not black: v.i5-% occu tees ae eee ice eet iese tenia eee ete nese ee Coe eee Li 


Hind femora outwardly with a ies broad black spot near the base, a small black spot at apex and 
another above it on the upper margin ; abdomen subglobose, the petiole about four times as long as 
Pike. J jecet sae ss siaiershale travhyets.asaodaey alate stale tee arewtee Serste cree ns Ge erehd easyer Soe ee RO aL CLLLOL OSD aL OMe 

Hind femora immaculate, except a black spot within near upper margin; abdomen oblong oval, 
faintly tinged with piceous, the petiole three times as long as thick (¢), in female long fusiform or 
lanceolate, the petiole ‘short, transverse c0.c (6 crs. atte <vsels wrsle a iaden eetroisy fallacies sions ists ete oo eT ELE 


= Hindicoxs: with a black stripe.onspot above. jacenisee- ane seen eee nero oe ae Rare tee eeaneS 


Hind coxze immaculate. 
Hind femora with a large black spot on upper margin within ; scutellum yellow with a median 
black line. . sa aei/S 5 sare) fe fo ceh apo oreNn a Vela Gees erect tere utaenretre tach tebarcharapeved cto nofel wiekaste feta .. S. hempeli. 
Hind femora immaculate ; cons fusiformly fone’ some of the dorsal segments banded 
with fuscous, the petiole four times as long as thick; 92 ; scutellum with a large black spot 
OD the skis 5, sua eh ve ssfe cts sl se qeayel een toe tae ae teie ee Ta esa tere s elosast cto e(oisiaeayoNsisiets ger aR EULEL 


. No new species fall in here. 
Meso- and meta-pleura yellow, except sometimes a black spot in the femoral furrow............. 40 © 


Meso- and meta-pleura, except a spot beneath the insertion of the wings, black. 

Hind cox black at apex, the hind femora yellow with a large black spot across from the large 
basal tooth and another smaller spot at apex, the hind femora with a black annulus at base; 
body of abdomen short, dusky above; 9... ..2......0c2 cece cece sccecece We Mgropleuralis. 

Hind femora immactl ate sy: x; 2.5 areial-telesersei terdsteteteroie ce tel ale elise sie) Bye) en iaie iatn a .0) nyekep-yelaber s asa oie ate eee 
Hind femora with one or two black spots. 

Hind femora with two black spots; abdomen short ovate, shorter than the head and thorax 
united, the petiole about thrice as long as thick; 9 .........................S. bimaculata. 

Hind femora with one black spot; abdomen oval, the petiole only twice as long as thick; ©. 

S. corumbicola. 


41. 


43. 


44. 


46. 


47. 


48, 


49. 


50. 


- Front face of pronotum immaculate. 2.6.2... oe ce te ween ve cee vee 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 425 


Abdomen in 2 long, fusiformly pointed, longer than the head and thorax united, the petiole very 
short, wider than long, in <j not longer than the thorax, the petiole thrice as long as thick. 
S. miilleri. 
Abdomen in @ fusiform, but not longer than the head and thorax united, the petiole nearly thrice as 
hick einuew Obl Onno valerie ane correceer ican es oldies manta aiele ore On clas smite ee stial'or sepa MOWGN CD, 
Front face of pronotum with a median black spot. 
Mesopleura entirely yellowiicticss .ccses cele cites oe crate tine seicieps. sins ciele/a nestle eae) MUULLEN De 
Hind coxze with a black spot at base beneath ; mesopleural furrow and aspot on each side of the metano- 
tum black ; abdomen fusiform, more or less reddish, the dorsal segments banded with black or 
fuscous, the petiole black and about thrice as long as thick ....................2--.-. 9. howardi. 
Middle mesothoracie lobe with a small central black spot or with two black spots anteriorly. ...... 80 
Middle mesothoracie lobe not so marked. 
Middle mesothoracic lobe with a central black line its entire length or nearly so............ 45 
Middle mesothoracie lobe without a central black line, but with two lines anteriorly, or these 
lines are united and form a loop, which is sometimes connected with a short median black 
inefromutie hase of ther scutellums.. = sea ade ocem site eecastesih seiseminn aire ette foetal (Oe 


fe Parapsidalitorrowsonieities mor plack rane cciciletes eee cette tite ett ere sia ae ter ecieks site ciate teres OF: 


Parapsidal furrows or sutures black. 
Hind eoxze immaculate or with only a black spot above, or the extreme apex black, never 
Binipedloneitadinallgcwithub lacks i) cs.aetecrace: corsa e eieraicreteta.e aelenatie torcte: stare salar afavants tee C 
Hind) cox striped loneitudinally with black....-..2 oc osesseee-2 eee asp ees; ascent ees s £0 
Hind cox with a black stripe both above and beneath : metathorax with a central black spot ; abdo- 
men subglobose, banded with black or fuscous above, the petiole a little more than twice longer than 
BIOL IR ee MRAM aeieeic Str OS ice STS coe ow Ria hee RIDE sans Rare ra mio ate aera RT Aen cle VMs ohare ete ees UTE KEES 
Hind cox with a black stripe above only ; metathorax dusky medially ; abdomen coniecally produced, 
the dorsum banded with black, the petiole not quite twice as long as thick........ S. trinidadensis. 
Hind coxe immaculate except sometimes at apex. ...... 2... cece cece cece cece e eee et sees te ee es 48 
Hind cox with a large black spot above. 
Hind femora with two black spots, one near the middle and one at the apex ; mesopleural fur- 
row black ; body of abdomen subglobose ; faintly banded, the petiole about thrice as long as 
HNC umes eae ncr eee os fee a ATES. hie ak Sra eta eteele aes emanates Wai aioere! Wot CON GTUC. 
Hind femora immaculate ; a small spot on each lateral mesothoracie lobe ; abdomen elongate 
lanceolate, much longer than the head and thorax united, the petiole very short, transverse. 
S. mayri. 
Mesopleura marked with black ; middle mesothoracic lobe with a central black line.............. 49 
Mesopleura immaculate. 2... os cece ec ce tence et cece cece sece es cain ne cbers es etcs eee cases 53 
igh Pe OMBMDHOMIDEES cocci ove. chive es ad cece asks tu aiecosyad Wek asbrssiteewes cuca auncen ee OO 
Ian Mae Tha rata IRA e eR 7 vsisesa ois aoe d 9 coool Ne cake PRINS RK Mie PE RTE wa as oF Kona y nt OF 
The central black line on the middle mesothoracic lobe not or only slightly dilated at the middle, .. 51 
The central black line on the middle mesothoracic lobe dilated at the middle ; hind femora with a spot 
at base beneath and ‘a spot at apex beneath black ; abdomen conic-oyate, the petiole more than thrice 
longer than thick. 
Hind tibise without a median black band ........-. 0. cece eee ee eee eee ee eens .. S. timida. 
Hind tibies with a median black band. ,..,--.¢ipcrecescocegeeeercene te ce eis eds biannulata, 


426 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


51. Hind femora with a black spot at apex beneath but not at base; abdomen conic ovate, the petiole 
scarcely thrice as long as thick. . Bon atsietn Crace ote ateunye lclate uote ct Svayoeia coveted felsyete ike ehe oneeS . SS. media. 
Hind femora with a black spot at hae and a black spot at apex ; eiaonion fusiformly Sten, the 
petiole about twice as long as thick ; Q.........-.-..0 01 ee ee ee cece ee ee cece cece rece «Se CUMEFOM. 
52. Abdomen conic-oyate, the petiole about thrice as long as thick ; legs immaculate........... .S. enochi. 
53. Abdomen fusiformly produced, longer than the head and thorax united, the petiole very short, wider 
than long. . wove ecu es Sel AIS DS ReeM ere eee ernie etc eet ag lenahe tse yee oles abaiefeteeteh tele teleter te Seb A) OTT 
54. Lateral mesothoracic lobes immaculate. SESS ADE aO Ao TOME na Sota a aee ac oa ea no aboomye: Wau 
Lateral mesothoracic lobes maculate, or with a black spot or line; front face of pronotum usually with 

a median black spot, variable in size, sometimes very minute but rarely entirely wanting. 
Seutellum with a central black line or spot and also with a black line across the base or in the 


basal suture; sometimes with a large black spot at apex.......... 0.2.02 -0 0 cece cece ee es OO 

Scutellium. without a central) black line or spot... 000-0 ses++2 cece cce+ cece sce eres icles OO” 

5b. Hind coxee immaculate, except sometimes at apex .. 2... 2. eee ce eee cee ee ce ee ee ee es eens OO 
Hind coxze with a black spot above toward base. 

Hind femora with a black spot at apex.............0.-. 2c ee ee ee ee eee S. femorata Fabr. 

56; Hind! tibis outwardientirely, yellow.- 2-1. precise eo leeetetee ae ols erence etree tere eetieorae eye 

Hind tibise outwardly more or less fuscous or black, not entirely yellow. ..............-.-+0++0+++ 57 


57. Hind tibiz black or fuscous with a broad yellow band before the middle; hind femora with three 
black spots. . Jailer Bhs elect ieee tee i te bi ace otareakebre ee ots ale se sa LAURE CLG 
Hind tibiz akg or Shion at ae ee thir a eine Tanai: : hind eae with a black spot at apex 
beneath ; axillee black; scutellum with a large oval spot towards apex ; abdomen conic-ovate, the 
petiole about five times as long as thick ; eyes very large, occupying the whole sides of the head. 
S. avillaris. 
Ho, lahtivel onan) lll ek lonelnrl Ne <5 5 hoop boon Oolnd 0a CO G00U nd dodo Un nD ba DU eonDeH oONDOCagoAS St) 
Hind femora immaculate. 
Scutellum with a central black line, the apex yellow ; middle mesothoracic lobe with a trans- 
verse black line anteriorly. . SSO oA rr mocrGn etic te,< . S. trilineata. 
Scutellum without a central black ee the apex with a transverse black spot ; “middle mesotho- 
racic lobe with two triangular black spots anteriorly................0.+00+0-..5, marshalli. 
59. Middle mesothoracic lobe with a club-shaped central black spot that is connected with a black line 
across the anterior margin but not extending to the base of the scutellum ; lateral mesothoracic lobes 
with a black line; scutellum with a club-shaped median black spot that is connected with a trans- 
verse line at base; a minute spot in mesopleural furrow, the apex of hind coxze, a spot at apex of 
hind femora and spots or bands on dorsum of abdomen, black; 2......................S. morleyi. 
59*. Some old species fall in here. 
60. Middle mesothoracie lobe with a central black line ; scutellum with a black line across the base and 
with the apex black, or with a slight median black line. 
Metanotum withoutia central’ blackclimes.5 2. ccc sie «ace co vies wee oie sralsle @ syse ool pie eesti oO 
Metanotum with a central black line. 
Hind femora with a black spot at apex ; abdomen fusiformly pointed, the petiole about 
four times as long as thick ; antennze, except the apical joints, eight to thirteen, yellow. 
S. apicalis. 
61. Hind! femora, immaculate... sc). aecapperters teen oreetteas lode or aiatane oie) ele ese) o tor tuan Keno eit taletet teeta 


Hind femora maculate, a large black spot at apex and sometimes with a longitudinal black spot ; hind 


or) 
bo 


63. 
64. 


65. 


66 


69. 


70. 
7A 


~I 
bo 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 427 


femora armed with a large tooth, followed by eighteen small black teeth ; abdomen in @ fusiformly 
pointed, the petiole at least thrice as long as thick, in 4 long ovate, the petiole at least four times as 
NOMOVARSUNIC Kae eel TRA PR Tete sce tecka coos cok ins she ole ialarenere oe ke Geta Oe see tnt Se. Meal 


5, AST) Oop EDGE VC re) Sr ie CS ERC ae eee RUTO SIG RO SISO IE etic CODE CCS ED CIS OT Mein ecm ite) 


Hind coxze with a black stripe beneath. 
Mesopleural furrow black ; abdomen conic-ovate, more or less banded with fuscous, the petiole 
not thrice as long as thick ; legs, except as noted, yellow, immaculate...... .S. lineocoxalis. 
Some old species fall in here. 
The two black lines on the anterior part of the middle mesothoracic lobe unite and form a loop or a 
delta-shaped mark, which is sometimes connected with the base of the scutellum by a black line. 65 


The two black lines on the anterior part of the middle mesothoracie lobe do not unite to form a loop 


Oude list Sh apeddmanlcn nace snnen seeps ae sel tovesisiene stele oleae ontievcls aisv aie sereucheimial oa ate waresone ate cence LO 
Mesopleuralyspiracles' summornded: by Dlacks «,. sie. sacsie,ssicie «ie sioas[e oy cjareiei sic se/alnts ala clese ee erm aisele ste aan (OO 
Mesopleuralispiracles/mot surrounded! by: blacks: .</s. cc cic cos cen ve eaciniee vest sricimedceeiasincine se ey fl 


The black loop on the middle mesothoracie lobe is connected with the base of the scutellum by a 
Cenprale pinche ne seen cteeseYercfermavers ee tasile cela: tise a claves leisy seseeioet ein isl aete es aepeecin neers ce setae LON 
The black loop on the middle mesothoracie lobe is not connected with the base of the scutellum by a 
central black line...... SOD CIC OE Ofencic A GDC ate CU DD DRO OBE Abd UAIOO care iotc auamnnacdasaaagerad 


. Lateral mesothoracic lobes not margined with black along the inner margin, at the most with a black 


BPD Ureretntenietetore tar ar ete sire ron@narope ete se at lathe le tsar e fo fae era ayatarless cea Ob ao Kel) 
Lateral mesothoracic lobes margined with black along the inner margin. 


Hind femora with a black spot on disk outwardly ...... 22... ...2.2-00002+2..5. chapadensis. 


. Hind coxze immaculate, except at extreme apex ; abdomen conic-ovate, fusiformly pointed or lanceo- 


UDC feradoysriatey Poured creier ene cce eos tora shaburcfiater ats, sia\(clbae Oise) Sra dessie'c) evoteatote Miareeanerad siyaain tele seaseee aye casereariekel a OO 
Hind coxie with a black spot above. 
AD OmeEneSNOCbsp el OD OSS enacts sretcleteyaies ie ai ctsiviavaiay Siesaiesae aitioi evoke ctcereeteea tiers eicietereee SOT CENGTE: 
Hind femora immaculate, or at most with a small spot at apex, the disk never maculate,......... 70 
Hind femora with a curved black spot across the disk and a small black spot at apex. 
ADO GMEDKCODIC-OV AUC M er cicicvere ici sis. cs eis 0s civieise.sicys'c ns sisi sieke’s sinialeuclelne eis weno cares Ne VAQGQDUNGG: 
Abdomen fusiformly pointed or lanceolate, the petiole at least thrice as long as thick. .... S. magrettii. 


Lateral mesothoracie lobes with an abbreviated black line on the inner margin. 


Hind femora immaculate or at most with a small black spot at apex ................2.--- 72 
Hind femora with an oblong black spot on disk near the upper margin. 
ELITE COR ASMIINTIE OU ALO rarer oye tetas asic cla eleretereiaiera Gian ejereial sinh stedaveliareteiaveieienrarn asi sia aie sate OL URU 


Hind cox with a small black spot above ; loop on the middle mesothoracic lobe more or less incom- 


plete, the lines interrupted on each side of the line from the base of the scutellum, ...S. incompleta 
Hind cox immaculate ; loop on the middle mesothoracie lobe complete ...............S. persimilis. 


. Scutellum with three triangular black spots at base and a triangular black spot at apex. ....S. fulleri. 


. Scutellum with three black spots at base, the apex with a black spot or with a central black line.. 75 


Scutellum with a transverse black line at base or with only two black spots. .................... 76 


. Lateral mesothoracie lobe with a black spot ; hind femora with a black spot at apex ; abdomen fusi- 


formly pointed, the petiole from two and one half to three times as long as thick. 
Hind coxze with a black spot at base above ; petiole of abdomen yellow; pronotum with four 
pla Chr policeman trtemre a ereietce sisi craves, datas? akc ve, cre 6 orale 8) ain Sig tee vipiereraewels's «vies se oss OMONUE: 


Hind cox immaculate, or without a black spot at base above ; petiole of abdomeu black ; pro- 


428 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


notum immaculate, .<\. id: s<toaaa sve state rater ae els cist soars ei) ied oie ele le Mee oretatove ate COULD cee 

76. Scutellum with a transverse black line at base, usually in the basal suture......................- 77 

Seutellum with two black spots at base, connected with a black line in the basal suture ; a small black 
spot at apex. 

Lateral mesothoracic lobes with a black spot at apex ; abdomen fusiformly pointed, the tip alone 

black, the petiole only a little longer than thick; 9..................S. descripta Walker. 

77. Hind femora with a small black spot at apex ; scutellum with a small triangular black spot at apex ; 

abdomen conic-oyate, the petiole about twice as long as thick; @.................S. paraguayensis. 

78. Thorax yellow, a puncture on each side of pronotum, a spot on the lateral mesothoracic lobes, two 

short lines on the middle lobe anteriorly and a spot posteriorly near the scutellum, a spot on the 

axillee and a spot at apex of scutellum, black ; legs immaculate ; apical half of abdomen black, the 

petiole nearly jiwe times as/long as ‘thick ic. <<. «1 ate cre wie alec cle on: wie sje) aieieje © eae snieiss 3))n UMUC 

79. Thorax yellow but with the middle mesothoracic lobe with one or more black spots.............. 80 

Thorax yellow but with the middle mesothoracic lobe immaculate, the lateral lobes with a black spot. 

81 

80. Middle mesothoracic lobe with two black spots anteriorly ; apex of metathorax black ; legs yellow, the 

extreme apex of hind coxze black, the hind femora with a small black spot at apex...S. meridionalis. 

Middle mesothoracic lobe with a small central black spot, the lateral lobes with a minute black spot ; 

scutellum with a delicate median black line ; abdomen fusiform ; segments two to six with fuscous 

19):03(0 | ete MCE PIC ier eee ee oe DENT n DAA ae BAA Oe nr PH BUCe ee ierinewo Gnecab to ost lain WAIT. 

81. Scutellum immaculate ; abdomen subglobose ; hind femora with two black spots........S. bipunctata. 

82. Abdomen in 2 fusiformly pointed, the sheaths of the ovipositor black, the petiole not quite twice as 


long as thick (in °{\ three or more times longer than thick),.....................S. flava Fabricius. 


SPILOCHALCIS TARSALIS, sp. noy. 


Female.—Length 5.5 mm. Black, coarsely punctate ; front orbits, face below the 
insertion of the antennze, hind orbits, scape beneath, the hind margin of the prono- 
tum, except medially, a line on each side of the scutellum, the base and apex of 
front tibiee, all tarsi, and the petiole of the abdomen, yellow. Abdomen subglobose, 
polished black, except a reddish spot at base beneath. 

Brazil: Chapada, in May, One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS ATRATA, sp. Nov. 

Female—Length about 7 mm. (Head lost.) Black, coarsely punctate; hind 
margin of protonum, a spot on the hind angles of the parapsides, a line across the 
base of the scutellum and the ridge at apex, and the front knees and tarsi, yellow, 

‘the tarsal joints more or less dusky medially. 
Brazil: Santarem. One specimen in bad condition. 


SPILOCHALCIS SANTAREMENSIS, Sp. noy. 
Female.—Length 5.5 to6mm. Black, coarsely punctate ; front and hind orbits, 
scape, pronotum above, tegulie,-apical half of scutellum, except the ridge at apex, 


ae 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 429 


the apical half or more of front and middle femora and their tibize and tarsi, a large 
spot on upper outer angle of hind femora and the hind tarsi, yellow. Abdomen 
ovate, the basal half yellowish, the apical half black ; the petiole is short, hardly 
twice as long as thick. 

Male.—Length 6 mm. Agrees well with the female, except the middle meso- 
thoracic lobe is margined with yellow, the scutellum has two large yellow spots at 
the sides, the front and middle legs, except the cox, are yellow, while the abdom- 
inal petiole above is yellow and five or six times as long as thick. 

Brazil: Santarem ; Chapada, in August. One male and three female specimens. 


SPILOCHALCIS RUFODORSALIS, Sp. nov. 


Female. 


Length S mm. Mostly red and almost smooth, the mesopleura, the 
reticulated metathorax and the hind coxe, except at base beneath and at apex, 
being black ; flagellum brown-black ; front and middle legs, tips of hind cox:e, the 
hind tarsi, and the petiole of the abdomen yellow. The abdomen is ovate, the 
petiole hardly five times as long as thick. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS LATICEPS, Sp. Nov. 

Female.—Length 8.5mm. Mostly red and feebly punctate, the sutures of thorax 
dusky, the pronotum yellowish; the scape, the front and middle legs, except the 
‘thickened part of the front and middle femora and the middle tibize basally, and 
the hind tarsi, are yellow; hind legs reddish, the hind coxze with a dusky spot 
above toward base. The abdomen is ovate, the petiole yellow and about thrice as 
long as thick. The head is abnormal, seen from in front, about twice as wide as 
long, the face being concave; the eyes are large, rounded and occupy nearly the 
whole sides of the head, the temples being flat, undeveloped. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS NIGROPETIOLATA, Sp. Noy. 

Female—Length 4mm. Mostly red and faintly rugulosely punctate, the middle 
mesothoracic lobe posteriorly and the petiole of the abdomen being black; the 
flagellum, except the first three joints beneath, is brown-black ; the front and middle 
legs are yellowish; the hind legs are pale ferruginous ; while the body of the abdo- 
men is pale ferruginous with a black spot on the disk above. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS RUFOSCUTELLARIS, sp. nov. 
Female.—Length 8 mm. Black, faintly punctate, the middle mesothoracic lobe 
posteriorly, the lateral lobes and the scutellum red; scape, tegule, the front and 


430 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


middle legs and the long abdominal petiole, yellow ; hind legs, except the femora, 
ferruginous, the femora black ; body of abdomen black. 
Brazil: Chapada, in November. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS FLAVOBASALIS, sp. noy. 

Female—Length 3 mm. Mostly red, the head, the pleura and the metanotum 
black ; scape, front and middle legs, hind tarsi and basal half of abdomen, including 
the petiole, pale yellowish; hind legs, except tarsi, pale ferruginous, the femora 
darker than the coxe. 

Brazil : Chapada. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS JANEIROENSIS, Sp. nov. 
Female. 
mit of eyes, a short line on the front orbits, two approximate spots on the middle of 


Length 3.5 mm. Black, punctate ; a line on hind orbits, a dot at sum- 


the pronotum posteriorly, the lateral margin of same and two dots before, two dots 
on the middle mesothoracic lobe, three dots of the lateral lobes, and the lateral mar- 
gins of the scutellum, yellow or yellowish-red ; knees, tips of tibize and beneath, and 
all tarsi, yellow ; hind legs mostly black, the hind femora with a minute spot above 
and. two irregular spots at apex, yellow; hind tibiz yellow with a black ring near 
the middle. The abdomen polished black except two yellowish-white spots on dor- 
sum of the third segment. 

Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, in August. One specimen. ‘This species is allied to 8. 
nigrita Howard, described from St. Vincent. 


SPILOCHALCIS FLAVOORBITALIS, sp. nov. 


Female.—Length 7.5 mm. Black, coarsely punctate ; irregular marks on vertex, 


the front and hind orbits, face below antennze, dorsum of pronotum, except a black 
spot at sides, the margins of the middle mesothoracic lobe, a spot at the outer basal 
angle of the lateral lobes, the tegulee, a spot in front and a spot beneath, two large, 
oblique, nearly confluent spots at base of scutellum and the ridge at apex, two spots 


on metathorax, the front and middle legs, except coxze, more or less of their femora 
yellow ; the hind legs are mostly black, the cox striped with yellow beneath and 


above, the femora margined with yellow at base and above, and with a curved yel- 
low mark outwardly, starting a little beyond the middle and extending to the apex ; 
the hind tibize are yellowish outwardly from basal third. The abdomen above is 
mostly black, banded with yellow, the petiole and the basal half of the second seg- 
ment being yellow, the following dorsal segments more or less distinctly banded 
with yellow basally. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 431 


SPILOCHALCIS PERSIMILIS, sp. noy. 

Male.—Length 6.5mm. Black, coarsely punctate ; orbits, cheeks, pronotum, ex- 
cept in front, spots on each side, the margins of the middle mesothoracic lobe, a line 
on the outer margin of the lateral lobes, two large nearly confluent spots towards 
apex of scutellum, metathorax, except at base above, tegul, a spot on mesopleura 
at insertion of the hind wings, front and middle legs, except coxve, the petiole of ab- 
domen and the basal half of the second abdominal segment, yellow. The hind legs 
are broken off and cannot be described. Wings hyaline, with a fuscous spot or 
cloud enclosing the apex of the stigmal vein ; veins dark brown. 

Brazil : Chapada. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS UNIMACULATA, sp. noy. 


Female—Length 4.5 mm. Black and yellow, punctate. Head yellow, the 
occiput, a large spot on the forehead and the scrobes black ; thorax black, the pro- 
notum above, the margins of the middle mesothoracic lobe, the outer margins of 
the lateral lobes, the scutellum except a central black spot, the axille except a spot 
at base, the tegul, a spot beneath, spots on pleura above, and a transverse spot on 
each side of the metathorax nearly confluent, yellow; legs yellow, the hind cox 
with a black spot at base beneath and a black or fuscous streak or spot above; the 
hind femora on outer face are mostly yellow but with a black spot above towards 
apex, a black streak beneath and a black spot beyond it at apex; the inner face is 
mostly black with a large yellow spot towards apex. Wings hyaline, with a fuscous 
spot at apex of the stigmal vein. 

Brazil: Chapada, in April. Two specimens. 


SPILOCHALCIS PERPLEXA, sp. noy. 

Female.—Length 5mm. Head yellow, the occiput, vertex and serobes black ; 
thorax black marked with yellow, the pronotum yellow, the front face and a small 
area on each side of dorsum black ; middle mesothoracic lobe marginal with yellow, 
the lateral lobes margined with yellow outwardly at base and along the inner margin 
at base; scutellum yellow, with a black central spot, the axille with a small black 
spot at base; pleura mostly yellow with two black spots, the metathorax yellow 
except a black spot at base; legs yellow, the hind cox with a black spot above 
toward base, the femoral teeth small, black, the hind tibize with a black line beneath ; 
abdomen conically pointed, a little longer than the head and thorax united, the 
petiole yellow, a little more than thrice as long as thick, the body of abdomen red- 
dish-yellow, the sheaths of the ovipositor black, the first segment with a yellowish 
spot at each side near base, the second and following segments marked with yellow 


432 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


at the sides and along the venter. Wings hyaline, with a fuscous spot or cloud from 
the apex of the stigmal vein; veins brownish. 


Brazil: Chapada, in April. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS IMITATOR, sp. nov. 

Female.—Length 5 mm. Stature and form of 8. perplexa, but differing in color 
of thorax, hind legs and abdomen. ‘The parapsidal sutures are black, the middle 
mesothoracic lobe has a black line down the center, the lateral lobes are reddish, 
broadly margined with yellow, the scutellum is yellow, with a large central black 
spot, the hind coxee have only a faint trace of the black spot above, while the body 
of the abdomen except the sheaths of the oyipositor, is entirely pale ferruginous, 
without the yellow marks; otherwise it is scarcely distinguishable from S. perplexa. 

Brazil: Chapada, in August. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS SIMILLIMA, sp. nov. 
Female. 
differing in color. Yellow, the occiput, the parapsidal furrows, the pronotal suture, 


Length 5mm. Stature and form as in the two previous species but 


a short median line on the middle mesothoracic lobe posteriorly, and the sheaths 
of the ovipositor, black ; the scutellum has a dark line down the center; the hind 
cox, except at the extreme apex, are wholly yellow. 

Brazil : Chapada, in April. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS CHAPAD, sp. nov. 

Male—Length 3.8 mm. Yellow; legs and flagellum brown; middle meso- 
thoracic lobe anteriorly and the tip of the metathorax black or dusky, the hind 
coxee above reddish or ferruginous; abdomen ferruginous, the body oblong oval, 
with some fuscous or blackish stains or marks at sides toward apex, the petiole 
longer than the metathorax. Wings hyaline, with a fuscous cloud from the apex of . 
the stigmal vein. 

3razil: Chapada, in April. One specimen. 

This may be the male of S. imitator. 


SPILOCHALCIS ALBOMACULATA, sp. nov. 

Female—Length 7 mm. Head black, with the hind and front orbits, the 
clypeus, the face, the mandibles, except teeth, and the scape, yellowish-white ; 
thorax black, with the dorsum of pronotum, margins of the middle mesothoracic 
lobe, the outer margins of the lateral lobes, two large spots on scutellum, nearly 
confluent at apex, and the depression on each side of the metathorax, yellowish- 
white; petiole of abdomen and front and middle legs, yellowish-white; body of 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 433 


abdomen conic-oyate, the basal half pale ferruginous, the apical half black ; hind 
legs mostly black, the hind coxe reddish at base above, the hind femora with three 
large whitish spots, the tibize black or brown-black, the tarsi white. 

Brazilz Corumba, in May. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS SANTAREMA, Sp. nov. 

Female-—Length 4 mm. Head mostly yellow, the occiput black, the vertex 
brownish at the middle; flagellum black ; thorax black beneath and at apex, the 
pronotum yellow, the mesonotum reddish or reddish-brown, the lobes margined 
with yellow, the middle lobe blackish down the center, the seutellum black mar- 
gined with yellow; body of abdomen ovate, ferruginous, the petiole yellow and 
about thrice as long as thick, the sheaths of the ovipositor black; the front and 
middle legs are entirely yellow, the hind legs are mostly black, their femora with a 
large yellow spot at the upper outer angle and a small spot beneath it, their tibize 
narrowly black or dark fuscous at base and at apical third, while the tarsi are yel- 
low. Wings hyaline, the veins brown-black. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS ERYTHROGASTER, Sp. Noy. 

Female —Length 5.5 mm. Black, coarsely punctate ; orbits, face below insertion 
of antenne, the dorsum of pronotum, the margins of the middle mesothoracic lobe, 
the lateral lobes outwardly, the tegulz, two large spots on the scutellum, a spot en- 
closing the metathoracie spiracles, the short abdominal petiole, and the front and 
middle legs, yellow ; the hind legs are mostly black, the tarsi, a spot at base of cox 
above and three spots on hind femora, yellow ; body of abdomen ovate, rufous, the 
sheaths of the ovipositor black. Wings hyaline, the veins brown-black. 

Brazil: Chapada and Santarem. Two specimens. 


SPILOCHALCIS FLAVOAXILLARIS, sp. nov. 

Female—Length 7.5 mm. Black, coarsely punctate; orbits a A-shaped mark 
on the face below the insertion of the antennz, the clypeus, the dorsum of the pro- 
notum, except a line at the sides, the margins of the middle mesothoracic lobe, the 
outer margins of the lateral lobes, a line across the base of the scutellum and the 
axillse, yellow; the abdomen, except the petiole, the base of the second segment, a 
band at the base of the third and fourth segments which are black, is mostly yellow ; 
the front and middle legs are yellowish and ferruginous marked with black, the 
hind legs black and yellow; the hind coxze are black with a small yellow spot at 
apex and a yellow stripe above, the hind femora are yellow with a black line at 


434 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


base, the outer face with a triangular black spot on basal half and a curved black 
line at apex; the inner face has two large black bands or stripes. Wings hyaline, 
with a yellowish tinge, the veins pale ferruginous. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS MARGINATA, sp. noy. 

Female—Length 5 mm. Head, except the occiput and the scrobes which are 
black, yellow ; flagellum black ; dorsum of pronotum, except a small black spot on 
each side, the margins of the middle mesothoracic lobe and a small spot anteriorly, 
the outer margins of the lateral lobes, the scutellum except a large central black 
spot, the metathorax except a central black stripe, the tegule, a spot beneath, and 
the margins of the metapleura, yellow; legs mostly yellowish-white, the hind coxz 
with a large black spot above, the hind femora with three black spots on outer face, 
a small spot above towards apex and a single spot on the inner face, black. Abdo- 
men yellow, the dorsal segments banded with black. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS TUBERCULATA, sp. nov. 

Female.—Length 4 mm. Yellow; eyes and flagellum brown; lobes of meso- 
thorax black margined with yellow ; a spot on scutellum at base, a spot on metano- 
tum and the pleura black. The abdomen is conic-ovate, ferruginous, the petiole 
yellow and about thrice as long as thick. The hind femora are armed with nine- 
teen or twenty minute teeth beneath and have a black or brownish spot at apex. 
The face is armed with a very long tubercle, which originates from the ridge be- 
tween the insertion of the antennee. 

Brazil: Chapada, in January. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS BIDENTATA, Sp. nov. 

Female.—Length 6.5 mm. Black, coarsely punctate; orbits, the face below 
the insertion of the antennze, the scape beneath, the apex of flagellum, the pro- 
thorax, except a spot on each side of the front face of the pronotum, the mar- 
gins of the middle mesothoracic lobe at sides and base and the outer and basal 
margins of the lateral lobes, a band all around the scutellum, the metathorax, and 
the upper part of the mesopleura, yellow ; legs mostly yellow, the hind legs marked 
with black, the hind tibize with a black annulus at base and another one near the 
middle. The abdomen is yellowish or pale ferruginous, the dorsal segments, three 
and beyond, more or less blackish or fuscous. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 435 


SPILOCHALCIS MACULATA, sp. Nov. 


Female-—Length 6.5 mm. Black, coarsely punctate; orbits, a line connecting 
the ocelli, face below antenn, cheeks, the scape, the dorsum of pronotum, except a 
triangular black spot at basal lateral angles, the margins of the middle mesotho- 
racic lobe, the outer margins of the lateral lobes, the scutellum except a central 
black line, the metathorax except a transverse line at base, the tegulie, a spot beneath, 
the anterior margin of the mesopleura, a large spot on the side of the metapleura 
and the legs, except the hind femora, yellow ; the hind femora have a large black 
spot toward base, a black spot at apex beneath, and a black spot above toward apex. 
The abdomen is short ovate, banded with black, the petiole about four times as 
long as thick. 

Brazil : Chapada, in December. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS HEMPELI sp. nov. 

Female.-—Length 8.5 mm. Head, except the occiput and the scrobes, which are 
black, yellow; scape and apex of the flagellum yellow, the first five joints of the 
funicle black ; prothorax, except the front face, the margins of the middle meso- 
thoracic lobe, the lateral margins of the lateral lobes, the scutellum except a large 
oblong, central black spot, the metathorax, except a narrow, central black line, the 
sides of the thorax and the legs, except the minute black teeth on the hind femora 
and a black stripe on the hind tibize beneath, yellow. The abdomen is conically pro- 
duced, longer than the head and thorax united, the eighth segment being styliform, 
the petiole very short transverse ; it is yellowish with dorsal segments three to six 
more or less dusky or fuscous basally and appearing banded, when viewed from 
above. 

Male. 
which is long oval, the petiole being about four times as long as thick, the dorsal 


Length 5.4mm. Differs from the female in the shape of the abdomen 


segments not banded, while the hind femora have a large black spot on inner face 
near the upper margin. 

Brazil: Santarem. 

Named in honor of Mr. Adolph Hempel. 


SPILOCHALCIS DEVIA, sp. nov. 

Female-—Length 6 mm. Yellow; a spot on vertex extending on to the occiput, 
and a line in the antennal depression, black ; flagellum brown at base but becoming 
fulvous from the third joint; thorax mostly yellow but marked with black as fol- 
lows: The prothorax is yellow with a small black spot on each side above and a 
large transverse black band on the front face or the declivity ; the middle meso- 


436 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


thoracic lobe is black broadly margined with yellow, the lateral lobes black marked 
with yellow along the outer sides; the scutellum is yellow with a large, triangular, 
central black spot, and a transverse black line at base, dilated on the axillee ; the 
metathorax has a transverse black line at base. The abdomen is fusiform, pale fer- 
ruginous, except the petiole, the dorsum with four or five brownish bands, the 
sheaths of the ovipositor black ; the petiole is yellow and about five times as long 
as thick. The hind femora are armed with thirteen or fourteen black teeth, while 
the hind tibize have a black spot on the outer face near the middle. 
Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS NIGROPLEURALIS, sp. noy. 


Female.—Length 4.5 mm. Lemon-yellow, marked with black as follows: The 
occiput and a small spot in front of the lateral ocelli black ; flagellum black ; pro- 
notum with a small spot on each side and a large median spot on the decliv- 
ity or front face, black ; mesothorax black, the lobes margined with yellow, the 
middle lobe also with a small yellow spot anteriorly ; scutellum yellow, with a 
transverse line across the base, dilated on the axille, and a wedge-shaped central 
spot, black ; basal suture of metathorax, the pleurze, except spots beneath the inser- 
tion of the wings, black; the body of the abdomen is short, subovate, the dorsal 
segments two to seven medially more or less black; all the legs are yellow but 
marked with black as follows: The hind cox at apex, the trochanters, two large 
spots on the outer and inner face of hind femora and the base of the hind tibie, are 
black. 

Male-—Length 4mm. Colored and marked nearly as in the female, except the 
yellow spot on the middle mesothoracic lobe is greatly enlarged and divides the 
black into two parts, while the pleurz, except the femoral furrow, are yellow. 

West Indies: Trinidad ; Brazil : Chapada. 

SPILOCHALCIS CORUMBICOLA, sp. noy. 

Male.—Length 6 mm. Lemon-yellow ; occiput, scrobes and the scape above, 
black ; flagellum brown-black, fulvous beneath ; pronotum with a median spot on 
the front face and a small spot on the dorsum opposite the parapsidal furrows, black ; 
mesothoracic lobes black margined with yellow, the middle lobe also with a yellow 
median spot; scutellum with a transverse black line at base and a narrow black 
line down the center; hind femora with a small rounded spot on outer and inner 
face and the minute teeth, about fourteen, black. The body of the abdomen is oval, 
mostly ferruginous, the dorsal segments tinged with fuscous basally, while the petiole 
is yellow and about twice as long as thick. 

Brazil: Coramba, in April. One specimen. 


. Tae ea he 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 437 


SPILOCHALUIS MULLERI, sp. nov. 

Female—Length 0 mm. Yellow, the occiput black, the black extending forward 
on the vertex and enclosing the ocelli; flagellum brown-black basally, the four or 
five apical joints fulvous; mesothoracic lobes black broadly margined with yellow, 
the black on the middle lobe with usually a central yellow spot; scutellum with a 
central black line and a black line across the base. The abdomen is elongate 
lanceolate or fusiformly pointed, longer than the head and thorax united, the eighth 
segment long, styliform, the petiole very short, transverse. 

Brazil: Santarem. Three specimens. 

Dedicated to the memory of Dr. Fritz Miiller. 


SPILOCHALCIS HOWARDI, sp. noy. 


Female. 


Length 7mm. Yellow; the occiput, scrobes, a broad median line ex- 
tending from the insertion of the antennze forwards to the mandibles, the 3-dentate 
mandibles, the antenne, a median band on the middle mesothoracie lobe widened 
anteriorly, a large spot on the lateral lobes, a central line on the scutellum, the 
femoral furrow on the mesopleura and anteriorly, the lower part of metapleura, the 
depression on each side of the metanotum, spots on front and middle cox, a large 
spot on the hind coxze at base beneath, their apices, the abdominal petiole and bands 
on the dorsal abdominal segments, black. The body of the abdomen is fusiformly 
pointed, blackish at apex, the about three times as long as thick. The hind femorz 
are armed with about twenty small teeth. 

Brazil: Chapada, in November. One specimen. 

Named in honor of Dr. L. O. Howard. 


SPILOCHALCIS INSULARIS, sp. noy. 

Male.—Length 5 mm. Yellow; a spot on occiput, a median spot on the front 
face of the pronotum, the sutures of the megothoracic lobes, a line down the center 
of the middle lobe, a spot on the lateral lobes, a central line on the scutellum, a 
median line‘on the metanotum, the front margin of the mesopleura, a stripe on hind 
coxe beneath and above, and three or four bands on the dorsal abdominal segments, 
black. The hind femora are armed with about twenty minute, black teeth. 


West Indies: Trinidad. 


SPILOCHALCIS TRINIDADENSIS, Sp. noy, 
Female.—Length 9 mm. Yellow; a spot on the occiput, the scrobes, the an- 
tenn, except the scape beneath, a median line on front face of the pronotum, the 
sutures of the mesothoracic lobes, a central line on the middle lobe, a large spot on 


438 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


the lateral lobes, a central line on the scutellum, a median line on the metathorax, a 
spot on the mesosternum anteriorly, the femoral furrow on the mesopleura, a stripe 
on the hind coxe above, and six bands on dorsum of abdomen, black. The abdo- 
men is fusiformly pointed, a little longer than the head and thorax united, the petiole 
short, not longer than thick. The hind femora are armed with from twenty to 
twenty-two minute teeth. 

West Indies: Trinidad. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS INCONGRUA, Sp. nov. 

Male-—Length 6 mm. Yellow, with black markings very nearly as in S. 
trinidadensis but with the following differences: The metathorax is without the 
median black line, the antennee are wholly yellow, except the flagellum above, the 
hind coxze have a small black spot above, while their extreme apices, including the 
first joint of the trochanters, are black ; the hind femora have two black spots on 
outer face, one near the middle, the other at the apex and are armed with sixteen 
to seventeen small, black teeth ; the hind tibize are entirely yellow. 

Brazil: Chapada, in April. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS MAYRI, Sp. nov. 

Female.—Length 5.5 mm. Yellow ; occiput with a transverse black spot ; flagel- 
lum brown-black ; a small median spot on front face of pronotum, the parapsidal 
furrows, a transverse line on the anterior margin of the middle mesothoracic lobe 
and a longitudinal line down the center, a small spot on each lateral lobe, a median 
line on the scutellum, a line in the mesopleural furrow and a spot on the hind cox 
above black. 

The abdomen is long, lanceolate, about twice as long as the head and thorax 
united, the petiole very short transverse, the dorsal segments more or less banded 
with fuscous, the terminal segment styliform. The hind femora are armed with one 
large tooth, followed by fourteen or fifteen minute teeth. 

Brazil: Chapada, in May. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS TIMIDA, sp. nov. 


Female.—Length 4 mm. Yellow, with the black markings much as in & in- 
congrua but with the following differences: The flagellum is wholly black, the hind 
coxe have the apices alone black, the hind femora have two black spots and 
are armed with about seventeen small black teeth, while the hind tibiz are black 
at base. 

Brazil : Corumba, in April. 


=— he 


ASHMEAD; CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 439 


SPILOCHALCIS BIANNULATA, sp. nov. 

Female—Length 5.5mm. Yellow, with the black markings much as in S. 
timida, but differing as follows: The black lines on the middle mesothoracie lobe 
form an anchor-shaped mark WL, the scutellum has an acute wedge-shaped black 
spot at apex, the hind femora have a large, irregular, black spot at basal third and 
a small black spot at apex below, while the hind tibize have two black rings, one at 
base, the other near the middle. ‘The abdominal petiole is rather slender and four 
or more times longer than thick, the body of abdomen being ovate, black at apex 
and with some fuscous stains on the dorsal segments. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS MEDIUS, sp. noy. 

Female—Length 4 mm. Yellow, with black markings much as S. timida, but 
differing as follows: The black central line on the middle mesothoracic lobe is only 
slightly dilated, the spots on the lateral lobes are smaller, nearly round and do not 
touch the parapsidal furrow as in S. timida, the hind femora have only a small black 
spot at apex and are armed with seventeen or eighteen minute black teeth, while 
the body of the abdomen is conic-oyate, black at tip, the petiole not slender, about 
thrice-as long as thick. 


Brazil: Corumba, in March. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS CAMERONI, sp. nov. 

Female—Length 4.5 mm. Yellow, with the black markings much as in S. 
medius, only the middle mesothoracic lobe has besides the median black line two 
other lines anteriorly, between the parapsidal furrows and the median line, that 
extend to the middle of the lobe; the hind femora have a black spot at base and a 
black spot at apex and are armed with about sixteen small black teeth ; while the 
abdomen is conically pointed, blackish at apex, the dorsal segments stained with 
fuscous near the sutures, the petiole being about twice as long as thick. 

Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS ENOCKI, sp. noy. 

Female.—Length 5.75 mm. Yellow, with black markings as follows: The 
sutures of the mesonotum, a central line on the middle mesothoracic lobe, an oblong 
spot on the lateral lobes, a central line on the seutellum, a stripe on front margin of 
the mesosternum and a spot or line in the mesopleural furrow, are black ; legs im- 
maculate, the hind femora armed with about seventeen minute teeth, the teeth 
tipped with black ; abdomen fusiformly pointed, the sheaths of the ovipositor black, 


- 


440 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


the dorsal segments more or less stained with fuscous, the petiole being about twice 
as long as thick. 

West Indies: Trinidad. 

Named in honor of Mr. Frederick Enock. 


SPILOCHALCIS FUSIFORMIS, sp. nov. 


Female.—Length 6.5 mm. Yellow, with black markings as follows: The parap- 
sidal furrows, the suture at base of the scutellum, a median line on the scutellum, 
a central line on the middle mesothoracic lobe and two additional short lines ante- 
riorly, one on each side of the central line, that extend to nearly half the length of 
the lobe, and a spot at base of the metanotum, black ; flagellum brown-black above. 
The abdomen is elongate, fusiform, or lanceolate, as seen from the side, and longer 
than the head and the thorax united; the sheaths of the ovipositor alone being 
black ; the petiole is very short, wider than long. The legs are immaculate, the 
hind femora being armed with about seventeen small black or black-tipped teeth. 

Brazil: Porto Branca. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS URICHI, sp. noy. 


Mate. 
central line on the middle mesothoracic lobe that is connected with a transverse line 


Length 4mm. Yellow marked with black as follows: The occiput, a 


along the front margin, a large oblong spot on the lateral lobes, a line across the 
base of the scutellum and a wedge-shaped spot at apex, a spot in the mesopleural 
furrow, apex of hind coxee, the base of hind femora, an oblong spot on disk of outer 
face and a spot at apex, and the hind tibiz, except a broad yellow annulus, black. 

The hind femora are armed with about twenty-five minute black teeth. 

West Indies: Trinidad. 

Named in honor of Mr. F. W. Urich. 


SPILOCHALCIS AXILLARIS, sp. noy. 


Female. 
spot on front face of pronotum, a broad central black line on the middle mesothora- 


Length 4mm. Yellow marked with black as follows: The occiput, a 


cic lobe, not quite extending to the anterior margin, a small spot on each side of 
this line anteriorly, a large oblong spot on the lateral lobes, a large spot at apex of 
the scutellum, the sutures at base and the axille, a spot at base of metathorax, a 
line in the mesopleural furrow, the apex of the hind coxie, a spot at apex of hind 


femora, the apical third of hind tibize and some spots on the dorsum of abdomen, 
black. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 441 


The flagellum is black or brown-black, the scape and pedicel being yellow. The 
abdomen is conic-ovate, the petiole being about five times as long as thick. The 
hind femora are armed with seventeen small teeth. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS TRILINEATA, Sp. noy. 

Female—Length 5.5 mm. Yellow; a short line on the middle of the occiput, a 
large spot on the front face of the pronotum, a central line on the middle mesotho- 
racic lobe connected with a transverse line anteriorly, an abbreviated line on the 
inner margins of the lateral lobes, a median line on the scutellum, and a line across 
the base, black. The hind femora are armed with seventeen or eighteen minute 
teeth. The abdomen is conic-ovate, the petiole being more than five times as long 
as thick. 


Brazil: Santarem. 
SPILOCHALCIS MARSHALLI, sp. nov. 


Female—Length 6.5-7 mm. Yellow; a line on scape above, the flagellum, a 
transverse spot at apex of the scutellum and atransverse line across the base, an 
abbreviated line along the inner margin of the lateral lobes of the mesonotum, a 
median line the entire length of the middle lobe, and two triangular spots on the 
anterior margin (one on each side of the median line), black. The abdomen is fusi- 
form, the middle dorsal segments more or less blackish, or stained with fuscous, the 
base and apex, except the sheaths of the ovipositor, always yellow, the petiole being 
about twice as long as thick. The legs are immaculate, the hind femora armed 
with one large tooth, followed by about fifteen minute black teeth. 

Male.—Length, 4-4.5 mm. Agrees in color with the female, but the body of 
the abdomen is long ovate, the petiole being a little more than three times as long 
as thick, while the basal tooth of the hind femora is followed by eighteen or nine- 
teen minute black teeth. 

West Indies: Trinidad. One female and three male specimens. 

Named in honor of Rev. T. A. Marshall. 


SPILOCHALCIS MORLEYI, sp. nov. 

Female.—Length 5.5 mm. Yellow; a line on scape above towards the apex, the 
flagellum, a clavate, central spot on the scutellum connected with a transverse line 
at base, a line along the inner margins of the lateral mesothoracic lobes, a clavate 
median line on the middle lobe that is connected with a transverse line anteriorly, 
asmall spot in the mesopleural furrow, the apex of hind coxz, a spot at apex of 
hind femora, and two or three bands on the dorsum of the abdomen, black. The 
abdomen is short oyate, or subglobose, the petiole being a little more than three 


4492 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


times as long as thick. The hind femora are armed with seventeen or eighteen 
minute teeth. 

Brazil: Bahia. Taken by Mr. Albert Koebele, March 19, 1883. Named in 
honor of Mr. Claude Morley. 


SPILOCHALCIS APICALIS, sp. nov. 

Female—Length 4mm. Yellow; the apical half of the flagellum, a spot on the 
occiput, a spot on front face of the pronotum, a transverse spot at apex and a trans- 
verse line at base of scutellum, a median line the entire length of the middle meso- 
thoracic lobe, a central black spot on the metathorax, the extreme tips of hind coxee ; 
and a spot at apex of hind femora, black. 'The abdomen is conic-ovate, the sheaths 
of ovipositor black, the petiole being at least three times as long as thick. The hind 
femora are armed with one large acute tooth, followed by twelve minute black teeth. 

Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS UNILINEATA, sp. nov. 

Female.-—Length 6.5 to 7mm. Yellow; the flagellum, a small spot on the oe- 
ciput, a dot on front face of pronotum, a central line on the middle mesothoracic 
lobe, a transverse line at base of scutellum and a transverse spot at apex, and a spot 
at apex of hind femora, black. The abdomen is fusiformly pointed, longer than the 
head and thorax united, the apex and the sheaths of the ovipositor black, the petiole 
being more than three times as long as thick. The hind femora are armed with one 
large tooth, followed by about eighteen minute black teeth. 

West Indies: Trinidad. 

SPILOCHALCIS LINEOCOXALIS, sp. nov. 


Female. 


Length 4 mm. Yellow; the occiput in part, a line along the malar 
suture, teeth of mandibles, the flagellum above, a short line on the front face of the 
pronotum, a small spot at the apex of the scutellum, a longitudinal median line . 
anteriorly and a transverse line at base, a median longitudinal line on the middle 
mesothoracic lobe and a line across the anterior margin, a line between the pro- and 
mesosternum, the mesopleural furrow, the metasternum, a stripe on hind coxve be- 
neath and bands on the dorsum of the abdomen, black. The abdomen is fusiform, 
the petiole about, or nearly, three times as long as thick. The hind femora are 
armed with a moderately large tooth followed by about twelve minute black teeth. 

Brazil : Corumba, in May. One specimen. 

SPILOCHALCIS FULLERI, sp. nov. 

Female-—Length 7mm. Yellow; a transverse spot on occiput, the flagellum, a 

triangular spot at apex of scutellum and three triangular spots at base, an oblong 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 443 


spot on the lateral lobes of the mesothorax, two lines on the middle lobe anteriorly 
for about two thirds its length, a spot at apex of hind coxe above, a spot at apex of 
hind femora and the sheaths of the ovipositor, black. The abdomen is fusiform, 
longer than the head and thorax united, the petiole being only twice as long as 
thick. The hind femora are armed with one large tooth, followed by about sixteen 
minute black teeth. 

West Indies: Trinidad. One specimen. 

Named in honor of Mr. Claude Fuller. 


SPILOCHALCIS CORUMBENSIS, sp. noy. 

Female.—Length 9 mm. Yellow; the occiput, the flagellum, a minute dot 
towards apex of the scutellum, the suture across its base, a spot on the lateral lobes 
of the mesothorax, a loop on the middle lobe anteriorly, a small spot in the meso- 
pleural furrow, and the extreme apex of hind coxe, black. 

The abdomen is fusiformly pointed, longer than the head and thorax united, 
the petiole very short, transverse. The hind femora are armed with fourteen or 
fifteen minute teeth. 

Brazil : Corumba, in April. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS CHAPADA, Sp. noy. 

Female.—Length 4.3 mm. Yellow; the occiput, scrobes, flagellum, a median 
longitudinal line on secutellum and the suture at base, a broad line along the inner 
margins of the lateral mesothoracic lobes, a loop connected with a short median line 
from the base of the scutellum, on the middle lobe, the mesopleural furrow, the 
apex of the hind cox, a small oblong spot on disk of the outer face of the hind 
femora and a spot at apex, and most of the body of the abdomen, black. 

The abdomen is conic-ovate, the petiole at least thrice as long as thick. The 
hind femora are armed with fourteen or fifteen minute black teeth. 

Brazil : Chapada, in April. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS BRANCENSIS, Sp. nov. 

Female—Length 6 mm. Colored and marked very nearly as in S. chapadex, ex- 
cept that the black spots on the lateral lobes of the mesothorax are shorter, the scu- 
tellum has a wedge-shaped black spot at the middle, the hind coxe have a rounded 
spot above, while the hind femora have two black spots. 

Structurally, however, there is no resemblance: The head in front is deeply 
semicircularly emarginate for the reception of the antenne ; the antennz are sepa- 
rated at base by a sharp carina or spine; the hind cox are not nearly so long ; the 


444 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


hind femora are armed with sixteen or seventeen small black teeth; while the 
abdomen is subglobose, the dorsal segments stained with black or piceous, the petiole 
about three times as long as thick. 

Brazil: Porto Branca. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS VAGABUNDA, sp. nov. 

Female.—Length 7.5 mm. Yellow, the head and thorax marked with black as 
in S. brancensis but structurally it is quite different: The head is broader, not 
deeply semicircularly emarginate in front ; the abdomen is conically pointed, longer 
than the head and thorax united, the sheaths of the ovipositor black, the petiole 
short, not longer than thick ; some of the dorsal segments are more or less banded 
with brown or black; the hind coxve have a black spot at apex, their femora have 
a black line at base and along the lower or serrate edge, the same being connected 
with an arcuate black mark on the outer face and a spot at apex. The hind femora 
are armed with about eighteen minute black teeth. 


Brazil : Santarem. 
SPILOCHALCIS LANCEOLATA, sp. nov. 


Female.—Length 5.5 mm. Colored and marked with black much as in S. vag- 
abunda, except that the pleura are immaculate, the hind femora have a black spot 
only at apex and are armed with only fourteen minute black teeth. It also differs 
decidedly in the shape of the abdomen, which is long, lanceolate, the petiole being 
much longer, at least three times as long as thick. 


Brazil: Santarem. 
SPILOCHALCIS VAU, sp. nov. 


Female. 
the middle mesothoracie lobe anteriorly, not connected with a black line posteriorly, 
a spot on each lateral lobe, a line across the base of the scutellum and an abbrevi- 


Length 5 mm. Yellow; a spot on the occiput, a V-shaped mark on 


ated longitudinal line on the disk, a line in the mesopleural furrow, an oblong mark 
on the outer face of the hind femora, the abdominal petiole, and bands on dorsal 
segments of the abdomen, black ; scape and pedicel wholly yellow (flagellum broken 
off). The abdomen is ovate, the petiole being long, about six times as long as thick. 
The hind femora are armed with about fifteen minute black teeth. 

3razil: Chapada, in April. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS INCOMPLETA, sp. noy. 
Female—Length 6.0 mm. Yellow: marked with black as in S. vaw, only the 
loop on the middle mesothoracic lobe is open posteriorly and there is a black line 
extending from it to the base of the scutellum, the scape has a black line above, the 


—_—o se 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 445 


flagellum being wholly black, the hind coxze have a small black spot near the mid- 
dle above, the hind femora have a minute spot on the middle of the disk and a black 
spot at base and apex. 

The abdomen is conically pointed, longer than the head and thorax united, the 
sheaths of the ovipositor and a slender band at base of dorsal segments 3 to 7, black ; 
the petiole is hardly longer than thick. The hind femora are armed with one mod- 
erate sized tooth, followed by about eighteen minute black teeth. 

Brazil: Corumba, in May. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS PERSIMILIS, sp. nov. 


Female. 


Length 4mm. Yellow; the thorax marked with black as in previous 
species, except that the loop is complete, not interrupted before uniting with the 
median black line posteriorly ; the hind coxze and femora are immaculate. 

The abdomen is conic-ovate, not so long nor so pointed as in previous species, the 
dorsal segments four to seven brownish or blackish, the petiole being three times as 
long as thick. The hind femora are armed with about fifteen minute black teeth. 

Brazil : Corumba, in April. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS HOLLANDI, sp. noy. 

Female.—Length 0.5 mm. Yellow ; the occiput, a line on the scrobes enclosing 
the front ocellus, a line on the scape above, the flagellum, two median lines on the 
front face of the pronotum and a line on each side of the dorsum, two broad lines 
on the middle mesothoracic lobe anteriorly, a spot on the lateral lobes, three trian- 
gular spots at base of scutellum, the middle one being connected with a central line 
that extends to and terminates in a spot at the apex of the scutellum, a large 
rounded spot at base of hind coxve above, the apex of hind cox, a spot at apex of 
hind femora, the extreme base of hind tibise and an annulus at the middle, all 
black. 

The abdomen is conically produced, longer than the head and thorax united, 
the petiole only about twice as long as thick. The hind femora are armed with one 
large tooth, followed by about eighteen minute teeth. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 

Named in honor of Dr. W. J. Holland. 


SPILOCHALCIS CORUMB2, sp. noy. 
Female.—Length 7.5 to8 mm. Yellow, marked with black as in S. hollandi ex- 
cept that the spots at base and apex of scutellum are not connected by a central 
black line, the hind coxe being without the spot at base above, while the apical seg- 


446 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


ment of the abdomen is wholly black, the petiole being hardly longer than thick- 
The hind femora are armed with one large tooth followed by fifteen or sixteen 
minute black teeth. 

Brazil: Corumba; Porto Branca; West Indies: Trinidad. 


SPILOCHALCIS PARAGUAYENSIS, Sp. noy. 

Male.—Length 6mm. Yellow, marked with black asin S. corwmbex, except that 
the scutellum has a slender black line across the base and a triangular spot at apex ; 
the hind coxze have the apex black ; the hind femora have black spot at apex as in 
S. corumbx, but a large tooth is followed by seventeen or eighteen minute black 
teeth. The abdomen is fusiform, the petiole being three times as long as thick. 

Paraguay: Villeta. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS DIMIDIATA, sp. nov. 

Male—Length 4.5mm. Yellow; a spot on occiput, the ocelli, a small spot on 
each side of the dorsum of the pronotum, a quadrate spot at the base of the middle 
mesothoracic lobe, just in front of the scutellum, and two short longitudinal lines 
anteriorly, a spot on the lateral lobes, a triangular spot at apex of the scutellum, and 
the apical half of the abdomen, black. The body of the abdomen is ovate, the 
petiole being long, a little more than four times longer than thick. The hind fem- 
ora are armed with sixteen or seventeen minute, black teeth. 

Brazil: Chapada, in October. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS MERIDIONALIS, Sp. nov. 

Female.-—Length 4 mm. Yellow; the occiput, the flagellum, two triangular 
spots on the anterior margin of the middle mesothoracice lobe, a faint dot on the 
lateral lobes, the axillee and a spot at base of scutellum, a median line on the meta- 
notum and its apex, the extreme apex of hind cox, a spot at apex of hind fem-— 
ora, and the sheaths of the ovipositor, black. 

The abdomen is conic-ovate, the petiole being a little more than three times as 
long as thick; the dorsal segments are more or less stained with brown or fuscous. 

The hind femora are armed with one large acute tooth, followed by thirteen or 
fourteen smaller teeth, those near the apex being very minute. 

West Indies: Trinidad. One specimen. 


SPILOCHALCIS TRIPUNCTATA, sp. noy. 
Male.—Length 3.5 mm. Yellow; a spot on the occiput, the flagellum above, the 
sutures surrounding the middle mesothoracic lobe, a minute spot on the disk of 
the lateral lobes, an elongate spot on the middle of the middle lobe, a delicate longi- 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 447 


tudinal line down the center of the scutellum, a line in the mesopleural furrow, and 
a spot on the outer face of hind coxe, near the middle, black. 

The abdomen is conic-ovate, the dorsal segments narrowly banded with brown 
at base, the petiole hardly more than twice longer than thick. The hind femora 
are armed with about fourteen minute black teeth. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7317 U.S. N. M. 


Brazil: Bonito Proy. Pernambuco (Mr. Albert Koebele). 


SPILOCHALCIS BIPUNCTATA, sp. Noy. 

Female—Length 5.5mm. Yellow; immaculate, except two black spots on the 
mesothorax (a spot on each lateral lobe) and two spots on the hind femora ; flagel- 
lum brown. ‘The abdomen is subglobose, the petiole short, hardly as long as wide. 
The hind femora are armed with ten or eleven small teeth. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7318 U.S. N. M. 

Brazil: Bonito Proy. Pernambuco (Mr. Albert Koebele). 


XANTHOMELANUS Ashmead, gen. noy. 
In this genus the metathorax is quadridentate posteriorly, two teeth on each 
side of the petiole ; the plate at apex of the scutellum is emarginate or bidentate, 
while the hind femora are armed with several large teeth. 


XANTHOMELANUS DIMIDIATUS (Fabricius). 
(Plate XXXI., Fig. 5.) 

Chalcis dimidata Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 160.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
1898, p. 387. 

Conura dimidiata Sichel, Ann. Soe. ent. France (4), V., 1865, pp. 860, 390, 9. 

Smicra dimidiata Cresson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., [V., 1872, p. 56, 9.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 376. 

Smiera melanoptera Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1861, p. 180, %@.—Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 379. 

Brazil: Venezuela; West Indies: Trinidad. 


MELANOSMICRA Ashmead, gen. nov. 

This genus in having the metathorax quadridentate agrees with Nanthomelanus 
but otherwise it is quite distinct. The scutellum is normal, unarmed ; the antenne 
are long, the scape reaching beyond the ocelli ; while in its abdominal characters it 
shows some affinity with Ceratosmicra, only the petiole is not so long as in typical 
species. The black color of the head and thorax is characteristic. 


44§ MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


MELANOSMICRA CLAVATA (Fabricius). 


Chaleis clavata Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 162—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
1898, p. 387. 


Brazil. 
MELANOSMICRA IMMACULATA, Sp. nov. 
Male—Length 5mm. Head and thorax entirely black ; scape of antenne, the 


front and middle legs, the hind tarsi, and the long abdominal petiole, yellow; body 
of abdomen red ; flagellum filiform, brown-black ; while the hind legs, except the 
tarsi, are pale ferruginous. 

Brazil: Chapada, in December. 


Genus THAUMAPUS Kirby. 


THAUMAPUS DECORUS (Walker). 


Smuera decora Walker, Notes on Chale., Pt. 3, 1871, p. 54, &. 
Thawmapus decorus Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soe. London, Zool., XVIT., 1883, p. 56.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 403. 
Brazil. 
THAUMAPUS MASUS (Walker). 
Smiera masus Walker, The Entom., I., 1841, p. 134, 2 &. 
Thaumapus masus Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soe. London, Zool., XVII1., 1883, p. 56.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 403. 
Brazil. 
THAUMAPUS WALKERI Kirby. 
Thaumapus walkert: Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVII., 1883, p. 74, &. 
—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 403. 
? Smiera lutecpennis Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1861, p. 173, 9. 
~ Brazil: St. Paulo (Mr. Bates). 


THAUMAPUS ACUMINATUS, Sp. nov. 


Female.—Length 9 mm. Reddish-yellow ; a line on the scape above, the flagel- 
lum, a triangular spot at apex of the scutellum and a transverse line at base, a spot 
on the lateral mesothoracie lobes, a curved line anteriorly on the middle lobe, 
interrupted medially, the extreme apex of the hind cox, the large femoral teeth, 
and some spots on the dorsum of the abdomen, black. The abdomen is long, lan- 
ceolate and ends in a long stylus. The hind femora are armed with six large teeth, 
the last tooth very large and tricuspidated. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 449 
Genus EPIN AUS Kirby. 
Epin us pux (Walker). 
Smiera dux Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1861, p. 173, °. 
Epineus dux Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVII., 1883, p. 58.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p: 395. 
Brazil: Para (Bates). 
ENNEASMICRA Ashmead, ‘gen. nov. 


In this genus the hind femora are armed with nine moderately large teeth and 
the scutellum is usually bidentate or emarginate at apex, rarely normal. 


ENNEASMICRA EXINANIENS (Walker). 
Smiera exinaniens Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), IL., 1864, p. 198, &. 
Smicra exinaniens Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 377. 
Brazil. 


ENNEASMICRA CORUMBENSIS, sp. nov. 


Female.—Length 6.5 mm. Yellow; a spot on the occiput, a small dot on the 
middle of the front face of the pronotum, an oblong spot on the inner margin of the 
lateral mesothoracic lobes anteriorly, two long triangular spots on the middle lobe 
anteriorly and a median line posteriorly, a spot at apex of the scutellum which is 
connected with a central line, the mesopleural furrow, a small spot on the hind cox 
near the base, and three spots on the hind femora, black. The abdomen is conic- 
ovate, the body brownish or fuscous above, the petiole hardly twice as long as thick 
and yellow. The hind femora are armed with nine large, black teeth, the last 
two more or less united at base. 
Brazil: Corumba in April. One specimen. 


ENNEASMICRA INCERTA, Sp. noy. 


Male.—Length 7 mm. Reddish golden brown ; the flagellum, a large median 
spot on the front face of the pronotum, a transverse spot at apex of the scutellum 
and a transverse line at base, both being connected by a central line, a spot on the 
lateral mesothoracic lobes, a large triangular spot extending from the anterior mar- 
gin of the middle lobe, and a spot at the apex of the metanotum, black. The 
abdomen is oblong-oval, the petiole a little more than three times as long as thick, 
the dorsal segments tinged with brown. The hind femora are about thrice as long 
as wide and armed with nine large, black teeth. 

Brazil: Corumba, in May. One specimen. 


450 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Genus PROTOCERAS Kirby. 
PROTOCERAS CAUDATUS (Guérin). 
Chalcis caudatus Guérin, Iconogr. régn. anim., VII., Insect., 1845, p. 412; T. 6, f. 6. 
Protoceras caudatus Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVII., 1885, p. 60.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 370. 


Brazil. 
PROTOCERAS LEUCOTELUS (Walker). 


Smicra leucotelus Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1861, p. 181, @. 
Protoceras leucotelus Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVII., 1883, p. 60.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 370. 


Brazil. 
OCTOSMICRA Ashmead, gen. noy. 


This genus comes near Protoceras Kirby, agreeing with it in having the hind 
femora armed with eight large teeth, but differs in having the parapsidal furrows 
distinct, entire; the plate at the apex of the scutellum is emarginate or bidentate, 
while the abdomen, in the female, is lanceolate or conically produced, the eighth 
segment usually long or styliform. 


OcTosMICRA ATTALICA (Walker). 
Smiera attalica Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 193, %. 
Smicra attalica Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 


Brazil. 
OcTOSMICRA CORRECTA (Walker). 


Smiera correcta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 191, &. 
Smicra correcta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 


Brazil. 
? OCTOSMICRA REFERATOR (Walker). 


Smiera referator Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 347, ©. 
Smicra referator Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 381. 
Brazil. 
OCTOSMICRA NIGROACMULATA, sp. nov. 

Male—Length 8 mm. Yellowish-red; the scrobes, a dot on face, a dot on the 
clypeus, the teeth of mandibles, a spot on middle of the pronotum anteriorly, a large 
triangular spot on the middle mesothoracic lobe, a spot on each lateral lobe, a trans- 
verse spot at base of the scutellum, another near the apex, a spot at base of the 
metanotum connected with a median line, a line along the front margin of the 
mesopleura, the femoral furrow, and the flagellum, black. The triangular black 
spot on the middle mesothoracic lobe is interrupted by a reddish spot anteriorly. 
Wings hyaline, the veins testaceous. The hind femora are armed with eight teeth, 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 451 


the teeth tipped with black ; the first or basal tooth is long, acute, the following 
triangular, about equal in size. 

Brazil: Chapada, in May. One specimen. 

OCTOSMICRA TRIMACULATA, sp. nov. 

Female—Length 10 mm. Yellowish-red, with a spot on each lateral lobe of meso- 
notum and at the apex of the scutellum, black. The body of the abdomen is coni- 
cally pointed, the terminal segment styliform, the sheaths of the ovipositor at apex 
and the ovipositor, black ; the dorsal segments are stained with brown or blackish 
marks. The femoral furrow of the mesopleura has a black spot low down, but 
otherwise, except as noted, the thorax is immaculate. The hind femora are as in 
O. nigromaculata, except that the teeth, after the first, are not nearly equal in size, 
the second tooth being small, the eighth tridentate at apex or tricuspidated, so that 
the femora appear as if ten-dentate. 

Brazil: Corumba in May. One specimen. 


HEPTASMICRA Ashmead, gen. noy. 

The hind femora in this genus are armed with seven large teeth, the second 
usually reduced in size and sometimes tricuspidate : the abdomen is fusiform or 
conically produced, rarely ending ina stylus ; while the mandibles in the female are 
bidentate, in the male tridentate. 


HEPTASMICRA ADSCITA (Walker). 
Smiera adscita Walker, Trans. Ent. Soe. London (3), IT., 1864, p. 198, 9. 
Smicra adscita Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 


Brazil. 
HEPTASMICRA CAPTIVA (Smith). 


Smiera captiva Smith, Trans. Ent. Soe. London (3), I., 1862, p. 42, 9. 
Smiera adaptata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1864, p. 190, —. 
Smicra captiva Marshall, Ann. Soc. ent. France, LXI., 1892, p. 70; Pl. 4, f. 1.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 374. 
Brazil: Maruru, in April; Venezuela: Corozal. 


HEPTASMICRA CHYSOMERA (Walker), 
Smiera chysomera Walker, Journ. Ent., I., 1861, p. 182, 2.— Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 374. 
Brazil: St. Paul (Mr. Bates). 
HEPTASMICRA OBLITERATA (Walker). 


Smiera obliterata Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1861, p. 175, 2 &%. 
Smicra obiterata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 380. 


452 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Brazil: Santarem; Chapada; Corumba; Rio de Janeiro. 
? ’ ? 


HEPTASMICRA PERSIMILIS, Sp. NOV. 

Female.—Length 11 mm. Reddish-yellow, with black marks as in H. lineati- 
coxis, except that the black on the middle mesothoracic lobe is interrupted by a 
reddish-yellow spot anteriorly, the hind coxze being immaculate, while the dorsal 
abdominal segments are banded with black. 

The body of the abdomen is much larger and longer than in H. lineaticoxis, the 
petiole being about five times as long as thick. 
3razil: Santarem. One specimen. 


HEPTASMICRA AFFINIS, sp. nov. 

Female-—Length 9.2 mm. Colored as in H. lineaticoxis, except the back of the 
head, the forehead and the scrobes are wholly black ; the hind coxee have two black 
stripes instead of one; the hind femora have a black band at base, along the lower 
margin, besides a spot on the inner face ; while the hind tibiz, except at the basal 
third, are black. 

The abdomen is totally different in shape; it is lanceolate, much longer than 
the head and thorax united, with a very short petiole, which is wider than long ; 
the dorsal segments are banded with black. 

Brazil: Santarem. ‘Two specimens. 


HEPTASMICRA LONGICAUDATA, sp. Noy. 

Female.—Length 8.5 mm. Colored as in H. lineaticowis, except that the hind 
coxe are immaculate except at extreme apex above, while the hind tibiz are black 
or dark fuscous, with a yellowish annulus before the middle. 

The abdomen is long, lanceolate and terminates in a long, compressed stylus, as 
long as the previous segments united; the petiole is very short, wider than long. 

Brazil: Maruru, in April. One specimen. 


HEPTASMICRA LINEATICOXUS, Sp. nov. 


Female. 
spot in the frontal depression, the flagellum, a triangular spot on the scutellum ex- 


Length 9.5mm. Reddish-yellow ; a transverse spot on the occiput, a 


tending from its apex, an oblong spot on the lateral mesothoracic lobes anteriorly, 
the middle mesothoracic lobe, except the outer margins broadly, the sheaths of the 
ovipositor, and a line on the hind coxee above, black. 

The body of the abdomen is long-ovate, the petiole very long, six or more times 
longer than thick. The hind femora are armed with seven large teeth, the first 
three very acute, the following broader and rounded at apex. 

srazil: Santarem. Four specimens. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 453 


HEPTASMICRA QUADRIMACULATA, sp. nov. 
Male-—Length 6mm. Yellow; a line on the scape above, the flagellum, two 
triangular spots on the anterior margin of the middle mesothoracic lobe, a small 


spot on each of the lateral lobes and the terminal ventral segment, black. 

The abdomen is long-ovate, the petiole a little more than twice as long as thick ; 
the dorsal segments are more or less marked with brown or fuscous stains. The 
hind femora are armed with seven black tipped teeth, all large, except the second, 
which is small. 

Brazil: Corumba, in May. 


Genus METADONTIA Ashmead. 


METADONTIA FLAVOLINEATA, Sp. DOV. 


Female—Length 7mm. Black; a dot between the ocelli, front orbits, cheeks 
pronotum above, a line on each side of the middle mesothoracie lobe, abbreviated 
posteriorly, a transverse line at base of the scutellum, another at apex, the meta- 
thorax, a spot beneath the tegule, the front legs from the tips of the femora, the 
middle tarsi, the hind coxze, except apices and a broad line beneath, a transverse 
line near apex of hind femora both outwardly and inwardly, an annulus on the 
hind tibize near the middle, the abdomen at base, including the petiole and second 
segment, and an elongate spot at tip of abdomen above, yellow. 

The ridge or plate at the apex of the scutellum is emarginate and wholly yellow. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 

Resembles Metadontia (Chalcis) nigricornis Fabr. but differs in the color of the 


hind legs and by the emarginate plate at apex of the scutellum. 


METADONTIA SIMILIS, sp. nov. 

Male.—Length 5 mm. Colored very much as in M. flavolineata, but the prono- 
tum above, although yellow, has a black spot at the sides posteriorly ; the scutellum 
is margined all around with yellow, the axille being black ; the metathorax, except 
a central black spot, is yellow; the front and middle legs, except the first joint of 
the trochanters above and the base of the femora above for about two thirds their 
length, are yellow; the hind coxve except at basal third are black : the hind femora 
are mostly yellow, but outwardly have a large black spot at base, connected with a 
black line beneath, above on the ridge is a black line at the basal two thirds, which 
itself is: connected with a black line on the inner face: the inner face has also a 
black spot; the hind tibize are black except the apical two thirds of the outer face ; 
the hind tarsi are yellow. 

The abdomen is yellow, the dorsal segments banded with black. 


454 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


3razil: Santarem. One specimen. 
Allied to M. nigricornis Fabr. 


METADONTIA AFFINIS, Sp. Novy. 

Female-—Length 6 mm. Black and marked with yellow much as in M. similis. 
The front orbits, the cheeks, scape entirely, pronotum above, except a small black 
spot on each side, a line on each side of the middle mesothoracic lobe clear to the 
base of the scutellum, the outer margins of the lateral lobes, the sides and apex of 
the scutellum, except a median black spot on the emarginate plate at apex, yellow. 

The legs are asin MM. similis except that the hind femora are black, with a 
curved yellow line on outer face near apex, the base being margined with yellow, 
within similarly marked; femoral teeth, two and three small, the others larger. 
The abdomen is mostly black, the petiole yellow, the second segment (first body) 
reddish except at apex above. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


HEXASMICRA Ashmead, gen. nov. 


In having the hind femora armed with six large teeth this genus comes nearest 
to Metadontia Ashm., but is easily separated from it by the totally different shaped 
abdomen, which is lanceolate or fusiform, longer than the head and thorax united, 
the petiole being short, not longer than thick. The scutellum at apex is usually 


bidentate or emarginate. 
HEXASMICRA TRANSVERSA (Walker). 


Smiera transversa Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1861, p. 182, 9 o&%. 
Smicra transversa Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898., p. 385. 
Brazil: Ega; Tapayos (Mr. Bates); Chapada; Santarem. ‘Two female and 


seven male specimens. 
? HEXASMICRA TRINIDADENSIS, sp. nov. 


Female—Length 4mm. Yellow; a transverse spot on the occiput, the flagellum ~ 
above, a transverse line at base of scutellum, the femoral teeth and the apex of the 
hind tibize black. The abdomen is fusiform, the petiole at least five times as long as 
thick, the middle dorsal segments stained with black or fuscous. The hind femora 
are armed with six large teeth, the first four acute, the last two broad, rounded at 
apex. 

West Indies: Trinidad. 


? HEXASMICRA BRASILIENSIS, sp. nov. 
Male.—Length 4mm. Yellow; a transverse spot on the occiput, the flagellum, 
a transverse line on the anterior margin of the middle mesothoracic lobe and a deli- 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 455 


cate median line posteriorly, a spot on the axille, a median line on the seutellum 
posteriorly and the femoral teeth, black. The abdomen is ovate, the petiole being 
about three times as long as thick. The hind femora are armed with six large 
teeth, all acute. 

Brazil: Corumba, in May. 


PENTASMICRA Ashmead, gen. nov. 

In this genus the hind femora are armed with five large teeth ; eyes large, occu- 
pying nearly the whole sides of the head ; mandibles three-dentate ; while the scu- 
tellum at apex is bidentate. 

PENTASMICRA APERTA (Walker). 
Smiera aperta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), 11., 1864, p. 187, 9. 
Smicra aperta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 


Brazil. 
PENTASMICRA APPRESSA (Walker). 


Smiera appressa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1864, p. 186, 9. 
Smicra appressa Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 373. 


Brazil. 
PENTASMICRA BRASILICA (Walker), 


Smiera brasilica Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), IT., 1864, p. 188, 9. 
Smicra brasilica Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 374. 
Brazil. 
PENTASMICRA CERINA (Walker). 
Smiera cerina Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 187, &%. 
Smicra cerina Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 374. 
Brazil. 
PENTASMICRA CERTA (Walker). 
Smiera certa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1864, p. 187, &. 
Smicra certa Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 374. 


Brazil. 
PENTASMICRA COMMODA (Walker). 


Smiera commoda Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc, London (3), II., 1864, p. 195, Q. 
Smicra commoda Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 574. 

Brazil. 

PENTASMICRA CONTEMINATA (Walker). 

Smiera conteminata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 194, &. 
Smicra conteminata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 

Brazil. 

(?) PENTASMICRA EFFICTA (Walker). 

Smiera effica Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I1., 1864, p. 184, J. 

Brazil : Amazon. 


456 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


PENTASMICRA SCISA (Walker). 
Smiera scisa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 192, &. 
Smicra scisa Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 381. 


Brazil: Amazon. 
TETRASMICRA Ashmead, gen. noy. 


This genus is at once recognized by the hind femora being armed with four large 
teeth and by the scutellum being emarginate or bidentate at apex. 


TETRASMICRA CONCITATA (Walker). 


Smiera concitata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), IT., 1864, p. 183, 9. 
Smicra concitata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 3785. 


Brazil : Amazon region. 


TETRASMICRA CROCATA (Walker). 


(Plate XXXII, Fig. 2.) 


Smiera crocata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (8), II., 1864, p. 186, 9. 
Smicra crocata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 


Brazil: Amazon region. 


TETRASMICRA DESTINATA (Walker). 
Smiera destinata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soe. London (3), II., 1864, p. 185, &. 
Smicra destinata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 376. 
Brazil. 


TETRASMICRA MACULATA (Fabricius). 

Chalcis maculata Fabricius, Mant. Ins., 1., 1787, p. 273.—Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat., 
Ed. 13°, L., 1790, p. 274.—Oliver, Encyc. Méthod. Ins., V., 1790, p. 440.— 
Fabricius, Ent. Syst., II., 1793, p. 198.—Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 162. 

Smiera maculata Walker, The Entom., I., 848, p. 287. 

Smicra maculata Cresson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., [V., 1872, p. 57.—Dalla Torre, Cat. — 
iHym., V., 1898; p. 378: 


Brazil. 
TRISMICRA Ashmead, gen. noy. 


In this genus the hind femora are armed with three large, strong teeth ; other- 
wise it is similar to Tetrasmicra. 
TRISMICRA CONTRACTA (Walker). 


Smiera contracta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 184, o%. 
Smaicra contracta Dalla Torre, Cat, Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
Brazil : Amazon region. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 457 


Trips III. Chalcitellini. 


No species is known in this tribe from South America. 


Trine lV. Haltichellini. 
Genus HALTICHELLA Spinola. 


HALTICHELLA DORSALIS Walker. 


Haltichella dorsalis Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1861, p. 185, 9. 
Halticella dorsalis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 597. 
Brazil. 
HALTICHELLA REMOTOR Walker. 
Haltichella remotor Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 367, °.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 398. 


Brazil. 
Genus CONURA Spinola. 


CONURA ANNULIPES (Spinola). 
Smicra annulipes Spinola, Mem. accad. se. Torino (2), XIII., 1851, p. 44, &. 
Conura annulipes Sichel, Ann. Soc. ent. France (4), V., 1865, pp. 360 and 394, °.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 403. 
Brazil. 
CoNURA FLAVICANS Spinola. 
Conwra flavicans Spinola, Mag. de Zool., VIII., 1837, p. 180, 2, T. 180.—Blanchard, 
Hist. nat. Ins., IIT., 1840, p. 256.—Sichel, Ann. Soc. ent. France (4), V., 1865, 
pp. 359 and 387, 9.—Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVII., 1883, 
p. 58; Pl. 3, f 26 and 27.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 403. 


Brazil. 
Genus ANTROCEPHALUS Kirby. 


ANTROCEPHALUS PUNCTIGER (Fabricius). 
Chalcis punctiger Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 167. 
Antrocephalus punctigera (Howard) Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XXV., 1894, p. 
81, 2 &'.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 396. 


Brazil. 
Genus ASPIRHINA Kirby. 


ASPIRHINA DUBITATOR (Walker). 
Halticella dubitator Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), [., 1862, p. 366. 
Aspirhina dubitator Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVIT., 1883, p. 60-— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 399. 
Brazil: Santarem, 


458 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
Tre V. Dirhinini. 
Genus HONTALIA Cameron. 
HONTALIA CAMERONI, sp. nov. 


(Plate XXXIL., Fig. 4.) 


Female. 
the head and thorax coarsely punctate, the metanotum and the metapleura metallic 


Length 6.1 mm.; ovipositor 3.5mm. Blue, with a slight greenish tinge 


green ; abdomen zeneous black, the petiole longitudinally striate, the second segment 
very large, smooth, impunctate, the following segments united not longer than the 
second and microscopically shagreened ; eyes light brown; ocelli pale; antenne 
brown; front and middle legs, except coxxe, ferruginous, the tarsi paler, more of a 
yellowish-white ; hind legs zeneous black, except the long coxe which are bluish 
and the tarsi which are yellowish-white. Wings hyaline, tinged with yellowish, the 
veins light brown. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 

Named in honor of Mr. Peter Cameron. 


HONTALIA KIRBYI, sp. nov. 
(Plate XXXII, Fig. 5.) 

Male.—Length 3.5 mm. neous black, reticulately punctate, the mesopleura 
with an opaque, shagreened depression that extends from the tegule to the middle 
coxze, the metanotum with several carinz ; the hind tarsi, the front and middle legs, 
except cox, the thickened portion of the femora, and a large part of the tibize basally 
are honey-yellow or testaceous; the abdominal petiole is longitudinally striate, the 
second abdominal segment, except apically, being smooth and polished, the apex of 
the second segment and the following segments are finely microscopically punctate. 

_ Brazil: Santarem. ‘Two specimens. 


Famity LXIII. EURYTOMID/. 
Tree L. Aximeni. 
Genus AXIMA Walker. 


TABLE OF SPECIES. 
i}, Malesuaose: 


Females. 


u 


Wings. hyaline, without a blackish bandlatsbaser cise. cinis.< ais o10's sicis,« «aus clesia ess = misieleiesses 
Wings hyaline, with a broad blackish band at base. 


Front legs, except tips of the tibize, red. ...............+60-+------d. Spinifrons Walker. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 459 


aPronotum may ho lle blackened: Ab Whe SideS hasan cic ceiecicclee o-siee fe ciel ds <aitm queens raniese cel 
Pronotum wholly black ; frontal spines distinct but not acute. 

Antenne, except a streak on the scape beneath and at base, and the legs, except knees, tibie 
and tarsi, black ; knees, tibize and tarsi honey-yellow, the middle and hind tibiz faintly dusky 
at the middle ; abdomen wholly black ...............-..+2+0+++++++++ A. hoebelei, sp. nov. 

Seebrontalespinesnerye minute, mearly ODSOLEtO! ccs cavdiee cine em wie c|ciclas cin sehen soie-a/e =daselonjere palerine 0) 
Frontal spines long, acute, twice longer than wide at base. 

Trochanters, knees, tips of tibize and tarsi, honey-yellow ; abdomen with a reddish spot on sides 

of fourth and fifth segments, .... 2.0... cc ac cc ce ce cceesrcsccscsees A, brasiliensis, Sp. NOV. 

4, Face below antennz, sides of pronotum, sides of the fifth abdominal segment and most of the sixth, 
red ; trochanters, knees, tips of tibiw and the tarsi, honey-yellow ; antennz rather short, black, 
except the scape at base ; scutellum and metanotum sometimes reddish......A. brevicornis, sp. nov. 
SeeRront als pinessindistinet. Nearly OVSOleLO=-rscies sic ss es sic swe elsiel aaisidw sighs ese sersicice vince am oon lO 
hinontalkspines dish ebre aa vec cmiac oacines Goose sow es sswe weree cee aea acide se ae Ao apUnyrons, Walker, 

6. Wholly black, except the legs, the knees, tibize and tarsi honey-yellow, the middle and hind tibis 
sometimes dusky or fuscous medially ; antennze long, the funicle joints long, contracted medially, 


each funicle joint with two whorls of long sparse hairs...............-.0+-+++++++ A. brevicornis. 


AXIMA SPINIFRONS Walker. 

Axima spinifrons Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 874.—Kirby, 
Journ. Linn. Soe. Zool., X VII., 1883, pl. 57; Pl. 3, f. 19.—Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 35. 

Brazil: St. Paul: 


AXIMA KOEBELEI, sp. nov. 


Female. 


Length 4.5mm. Black; scape beneath and basally, tegulie, trochan- 
ters, knees, tips of tibize and the tarsi honey-yellow; pronotum, except a median 
stripe, and spots on sides of the fifth and the sixth abdominal segments, red. 

The frontal spines are large, acute, and fully twice as long as wide at base. 

Type.—Cat. No. 6394, U. 8. N. M. 

Brazil: Bonito Prov., Pernambuco. (Mr. Albert Koebele.) 


AXIMA BRASILIENSIS, sp. nov. 

Female-—Length 4.5 mm. Resembles A. koebelei, but differs in color. It is black, 
with the face below the antennze, the cheeks, the pronotum except a median stripe, 
the metathorax at apex and at sides, and the sides of the fourth and fifth abdominal 
segments, red; trochanters, knees, tips of tibize and the tarsi, honey-yellow. 

Type.—Cat. No. 6395, U. 8. N. M. 

Brazil: Bonito Prov., Pernambuco. (Mr. Albert Koebele.) 

AXIMA BREVICORNIS, sp. Nov. 


Female.—Length 4 to 4.6 mm. Black; the face below the insertion of the an- 
tenn, the sides of the pronotum, the prosternum, sometimes the metapleura and the 


460 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


sides of the fifth and sixth abdominal segments, more or less, red; scape at base, 
tegule, trochanters, knees, tibie and tarsi, honey-yellow; the tibize are sometimes 
dusky except at tips. Wings hyaline, the veins brown. 

The frontal spines are very minute, nearly obsolete, only represented by a carina 
close to the eye. 

Male.—Length 3-4 mm. Black, with the second joint of the trochanters, the 
front tibize, usually entirely, the tips of middle and hind tibize, and all tarsi, honey- 
yellow. The flagellum in this sex is very long, extending to the apex of the ab- 
dominal petiole, the joints of the flagellum long, contracted at the middle, each 
joint of the funicle with two whorls of long hairs. The apex of the metathorax has 
a quadrate area just above the insertion of the petiole while the petiole is very long, 
narrowed towards apex, shagreened, and with some longitudinal ridges or carine. 

Brazil : Chapada, in April; Corumba; Santarem. 

Described from two female and five male specimens. 


AXIMOPSIS Ashmead, gen. noy. 

Allied to Axima Walker, but easily separated by the different venation and by 
the totally different shape of the abdomen. The marginal vein is much shorter 
than it is in Axima, being hardly twice the length of the stigmal vein, while the 
abdomen is much shorter, never long lanceolate, the relative length of the segments 
being totally unlike those in Axima, with a much shorter petiole. The head, too, is 
different, not so acutely horned, the lateral ocelli being nearer to the eye margin than 
to each other; in Axima the ocelli are nearer to each other than to the eye margin. 


AXIMOPSIS MORIO, sp. nov. 
(Plate XXXII., Fig. 6.) 

Female.—Length 4.2 mm. Black; the sutures between the femora and tibiz, 
the extreme tips of tibize and the tarsi honey-yellow. Wings hyaline, bare, the 
tegule black, veins yellowish. The head is wider than the thorax, has a carina 
extending around the inner orbits, another bounded the scrobes and extending to 
the clypeus; otherwise it is much as in Axima, only not so transverse, the malar 
space being larger. 

TriBE I]. SLsosomini. 
Genus ISOSOMODES Ashmead. 
TSOSOMODES BRASILIENSIS, sp. nov. 

(Plate XXXIIL., Fig. 1.) 


Female. 


Leneth 3.5 mm. Black; the scape, pedicel, first joint of funicle, ex- 
5 ’ 
cept sometimes at apex, the tegulee, the trochanters, the tibize and the tarsi, honey- 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 461 


yellow. Wings hyaline, the veins brownish-yellow. The abdomen is long, conic- 
oyate, a little longer than the head and thorax united, subcompressed, smooth and 
shining, the petiole short, rugose, not or hardly longer than thick. 

Brazil : Corumba, in May; Santarem. Five specimens. 

TSOSOMODES NIGRICEPS, Sp. noy. 
(Plate XXXIIL., Fig. 2.) 

Male. 

petiole, a spot at base of second dorsal abdominal segment, aspot at apex of the third 


Length 4.5 mm.  Brownish-yellow, the head above, the abdominal 


and fourth dorsal segments, all the following segments above, black ; eyes brown, the 
ocelli red. The head has a deep frontal channel ; the antenne are long, filiform, in- 
serted a little above the middle of the face, the scape reaching beyond the ocelli, 
the pedicel of same being very short, the funicle joints long, about two thirds the 
length of the scape, briefly pedicellate and with two whorls of long, black hairs as 
in [sosoma. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


Genus ISOSOMA Walker. 
TsOSOMA ORCHIDEARUM Weetwoad: 
Isosoma orchidearum Westwood, Gardener’s Chron., 1869, p. 330.—Westwood, Trans. 

Ent. Soc. London, 1882, p. 323, 9 o&'; Pl. 13, f.1. 0,4 9.—Fitch, Trans. 
Ent. Soe. London, 1884, Proe., p. xi.—MacLachlan, Trans. Ent. Soc. London. 
1884, Proe., p. xiv.—Riley, Insect Life, I., 1898, p. 121.—Riley, Insect Life, 
II., 1890, pp. 250, 251.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 349. 

Brazil: Living in buds of Cattleya sp. 

This is probably not a true /sosoma. 


Tripe Ill. Kurytomini. 
Genus CHRYSEIDA Spinola. 
CHRYSEIDA AMAZONICA Westwood. 
Chryseida amazonica Westwood, Thesaus. Ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 140; pl. 26, f. 5, ©. 
—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 352. 
3razil. 
CHRYSEIDA CYANEA (Fabricius). 
Chaleis cyanea Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 164, 9. 
Chryseida cyanea Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IIT., 1895, p. 106, 9.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 352. 
3razil: Chapada. A single female specimen taken in April. 


462 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


CHRYSEIDA SUPERCILIOSA Spinola. 
Chryseida superciliosa Spinola, Mag. de Zool., X., 1840, p. 12. 9°, T. 42—Rev. Zool., 
1840, p. 18.—Westwood, Thesaur. Ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 140.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 382. 
British Guiana. 
CHRYSEIDA AZNEIVENTRIS, Sp. noy. 
(Plate XXXII, Fig. 3.) 


Female. 


Length 6 mm. Head and thorax blue, coarsely punctate, the disk of 

the metathorax, the mesopleura, coxze, and the punctures along the eyes and on the 

face, metallic green; flagellum black, the basal two thirds of the scape at least 

beneath, yellow ; third joint of the flagellum fully three and one half times as long 

as thick, legs rufous, the cox metallic greenish, the tarsi yellowish ; abdomen 

zeneous or bronzed, the last segment bluish. Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish. 
Brazil: Santarem ; Chapada, in April. 


Genus BEPHRATA Cameron. 
BEPHRATA STRIATIPES, sp. Noy. 
(Plate XX XIII, Fig. 4.) 


Female.—Length 6.5 mm. Black, coarsely punctate; the face, except the 
scrobes, the cheeks, the temples, a large oblong spot on each side of the pronotum, 
the tegulee, and the legs, except black stripes on the front and middle femora above, 
and the hind femora which are black, except at tips, are yellow. Wings hyaline, 
with a fuscous cloud beneath the marginal vein. 

The abdomen is much compressed, about as long as the head and thorax united ; 
seen from the side it is nearly as wide as long, the eighth segment represented by an 
aculeus ; the fourth and fifth segments have a band of faint punctures before the 
middle, the sixth segment is punctured along the base, while the seventh segment 
is punctured towards the apex. 

Brazil: Para, in June. Two specimens. 


AXIMOGASTRA Ashmead, gen. nov. 

This genus comes nearest to Bephrata Cameron, but is easily separated by the 
totally different shape of the abdomen which is long-lanceolate and compressed, 
much as in Axima Walker, by the first joint of the funicle, although long, being 
shorter than the scape, and by the venation, which is nearly as in Jsosoma Walker 


ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 463 


AXIMOGASTRA BAHL, sp. noy. 
(Plate XXXIIL., Fig. 5.) 

Female—Length 5.5 mm. Yellow, wmbilicately punctate; a large spot on dor- 
sum of pronotum posteriorly, a stripe on the scutellum, the mesopleura medially, 
and the metathorax, black. Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish. The long, lanceo- 
late, much compressed abdomen, which is longer than the head and thorax united, 
is yellow, with some of the dorsal segments marked with black, the last two seg- 
ments being mostly black. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7342 U.S. N. M. 

Brazil: Bahia. Collected by Mr. Albert Koebele, March 19, 1883. 


PRODECATOMA Ashmead, gen. noy. 


This is another singular genus. In its cephalic and thoracic characters it resem- 
bles Decatoma Spinola, while in venation and in its abdominal characters it is not 
unlike Hurytoma Mliger. Both mandibles are three-dentate, the two outer teeth 
acute, the inner tooth blunt; the marginal vein is long, slender, the postmarginal 
being very long, much longer than the marginal, while the stigmal vein, with its 
knob, is only about half as long as the marginal ; the abdomen is compressed, not 
or hardly longer than the head and thorax united, usually shorter ; seen from the 
side it is broadly oval or short ovate, usually pointed at apex, the petiole being 
slender and either short or long; the hind tibiz are fringed with stiff bristles 
behind as in Decatoma. 

PRODECATOMA BRUNEIVENTRIS, Sp. nov. 

Female-—Length 3.5 1m. Head and thorax yellow, immaculate, umbilicately 
punctate; abdomen brownish; the flagellum and eyes brown black ; the ocelli are 
placed nearly in a straight line and are sometimes encircled with black. The first 
joint of the flagellum is more than thrice as long as thick, the following impercep- 
tibly shortening to the club. Legs yellow, except the apical half of the hind tibiz 
which is fuscous. Wings hyaline, the veins light brown. The. abdomen is short, 
compressed ; seen from the side it is oval and hardly longer than the thorax, acutely 
pointed at apex. 

Male.—Length 2.1mm. Yellow, with the upper part of the head, the thorax 
above and the abdomen, black ; the flagellum is black, the funicle joints long, con- 


tracted at the middle, each joint with two whorls of long hairs; legs yellow, with 
the apex of hind femora and the apical two thirds of hind tibiz black. 
Brazil: Chapada, in April and August; Santarem. Four specimens. 


464 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


PRODECATOMA FLAVESCENS, sp. DOV. 


(Plate XXXIIL., Fig. 6.) 

Female.—Length 1.5 mm. Yellow, the legs much paler, the eyes brown. The 
first joint of the flagellum is about twice as long as thick, the second about two 
thirds the length of the first, the third oval, only a little longer than thick. Wings 
hyaline, the veins yellowish. The abdomen is subcompressed, shorter than the 
thorax, the petiole longer than thick. 

Brazil. One specimen. 


PRODECATOMA THORACICA, sp. noy. 

Female.-—Length 3.1 mm. The upper part of the head, the occiput, dorsum of 
pronotum, metathorax and the abdomen, except a spot on the sides of the fifth and 
sixth segments, are black, rest of body yellow, the club of the antenne, a spot 
towards apex of the hind femora and the middle of the hind tibize being fuscous. 
Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish. The first joint of the funicle is long, about 
three and one half times as long as thick, the second a little more than twice as 
long as thick, the third about twice as long as thick, the following still shorter. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


PRODECATOMA NIGRA, Sp. Nov. 

Female.—Length about 4 mm., the abdomen acutely pointed. Wholly black, 
except the legs, which are yellow, with the coxe black, the femora more or less 
black or brown, except at tips, eyes brown : ocelli red. 

Brazil: Santarem. 

Genus EURYTOMA Illiger. 
EURYTOMA ARGENTATA Cameron. 
Eurytoma argentata Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Am. Hym., I., 1884, p. 108.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 334. 
Guyana. 
EvuRYTOMA cUCLUS Walker. 
Eurytoma cuclus Walker, Monogr. Chale., II., 1839, p. 62, 2¢.—Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 336. 
Brazil: Bahia. 
EURYTOMA PHILAGER (Walker). 
Decatoma philager Walker, Monogr. Chale., IL., p. 81, &. 
Eurytoma philager Walker, List. Chale., Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 10.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 341. 
Chile: Chiloe. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 465 


(?) EURYTOMA MELLEA Westwood. 
Eurytoma mellea Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 139; Pl. 26, f. 2—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 339. 
Brazil: Para. 
EURYTOMA MENON Walker. 
EHurytoma menon Walker, Monogr. Chale., II., 1839, p. 62, 9¢'.—Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 339. 
Brazil: Bahia. 
EURYTOMA POMORUM (Fabricius). 
Chalcis pomorum Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 163. 
Kurytoma pomorum Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 138.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 341. 
Brazil. 
EURYTOMA PALLIDICEPS Spinola. 
EHurytoma pallidiceps Spinola, Gay’s Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 467, Qc. 
—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 340. 
Chile. 
EURYTOMA SIMPLEX (Fabricius). 
Chaleis simplex Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 164.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
1898, p. 392. 
Brazil. 
Genus EUDOXINNA Walker. 
EUDOXINNA TRANSVERSA Walker. 
(Plate XXXIV., Fig. 1.) 
Sosvetra transversa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 37, QO. 
Kudoxinna transversa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soe. London (3), II., 1864, p. 207. — 
Westwood, Thes. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 188; Pl. 25, f. 9, 9.— Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 352. 

Brazil: Ega; Benevides in July. One female. 

In the Herbert H. Smith collection is a single male, taken at Chapada in April, 
which I think is the male of this species. It measures only 3.2 mm., is yellow 
with a spot on the vertex enclosing the ocelli, a spot at apex of scutellum, a spot at 
apex of the hind femora, the apical two thirds of the hind tibis, a stripe along the 
petiole above, and the body of abdomen above, black. The antennz are inserted far 
up on the face, the scape being long and. extending beyond the ocelli, with a minute 
tooth at apex beneath; the flagellum is similar to that in the males of /sosoma, each 
of the funicle joints haying two whorls of long hairs. The abdomen is longly peti- 


466 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


olated, the petiole being as long as the hind femora, the body being small, triangu- 
lar in outline, the third segment being the largest segment. 


Genus SYSTOLODES Ashmead. 


SYSTOLODES BRASILIENSIS, sp. nov. 

Female. — Length 1.5 mm. Black, the scape and the legs, except the coxee and 
the hind femora, honey-yellow. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. 

The joints of the funicle are a little longer than thick, the first joint being a 
little the longest. The abdomen is subglobose, subcompressed, the petiole being 
slender and as large as the hind coxe. 

Brazil: Chapada, in April. One specimen. Differs from all other species placed 
in this genus by the long abdominal petiole. 


Tripe lV. Rileyini. 


NEORILEYA Ashmead, gen. noy. 

Head transverse, not wider than the thorax at its widest part, the eyes large, 
broadly oval or subrotund, the malar space very short; mandibles short, broad, 
4-dentate ; antenn thirteenjointed, with two ring-joints, alike in both sexes, the 
flagellum being stout, filiform, pubescent, stoutest in the female, the pedicel shorter 
than the first joint of the funicle; first two joints of the funicle in the male are 
submoniliform. Thorax robust, the pronotum very large, subquadrate, as wide as 
the mesonotum or very nearly, the latter being a little the longer, with the parap- 
sidal furrows usually vaguely defined, rarely sharply defined or complete ; the met- 
athorax is extremely short. Abdomen short oval, shorter than the thorax, depressed, 
wider than deep, subsessile, the petiole very short, the first and third body segments 
the longest, nearly equal, the second very short, the fourth and the fifth longer than 
the second, the following more or less retracted. 

In sculpture this genus agrees with Hurytoma, being umbilicately punctate. 


NEORILEYA FLAVIPES, Sp. nov. 
(Plate XXXVL., Fig. 2.) 

Female—Length 2.3-2.6 mm. Robust, black, umbilicately punctate, the ab- 
domen oval, slightly depressed and delicately shagreened ; scape and legs pale yel- 
lowish, rarely with the hind femora and tibise toward apex blackish, or dusky ; 
flagellum filiform, the funicle joints two to six quadrate. Wings hyaline, the 
tegulee and veins yellowish or brownish-yellow. The male is usually smaller, with 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 467 


the abdomen more depressed, the pedicel as well as the scape being yellow ; other- 
wise it is hardly distinguishable from the female. 
Brazil: Chapada; Santarem. ‘Ten specimens. 


Genus RILEYA Ashmead. 


RILEYA ORBITALIS, sp. noy. 


Female. 


Length 2mm. Head and thorax, except the pronotum which is more 
or less brownish or yellowish, mostly black, the abdomen brown, the apex black ; 
orbits, face below antennz, scape, tegule, and the legs, except the basal half of the 
hind femora, yellow or brownish-yellow, the tips of the tibize and the tarsi paler or 
yellowish-white ; flagellum subclavate, light brown, joints five and six of funicle 
wider than long. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish ; the marginal vein isa 
little more than twice the length of the stigmal, the postmarginal vein being long, 

The abdomen is conic-ovate, cylindrical, nearly twice the length of the thorax, 
pointed at apex, the third segment very large, occupying the greater part of the 
whole surface of abdomen. 

Brazil : Santarem. 


Famity LXIV. PERILAMPIDA. 
Genus PERILAMPUS Latreille. 
PERILAMPUS BRASILIENSIS, sp. nov. 
(Plate XXXIV., Fig. 4.) 

Female.— Length 4.8-5 mm. Blue, the head behind the ocelli, the fore part 
of the middle mesothoracicl obe, and the inner front angle of the lateral lobes 
zeneous ; the head is smooth with several longitudinal strize between the eyes and 
the scrobes, the pronotum coarsely, irregularly punctate, the middle mesothoracic 
lobe and the scutellum coarsely transversely striate, the lateral mesothoracic lobes 
with some long, oblique strive posteriorly. The extreme tips of the tibize and the 
tarsi are testaceous. ‘ 

Brazil: Chapada, in April. ‘Two specimens. 


Famity LXV. EUCHARID. 
Genus EUCHARIS Latreille. 
EUCHARIS DICERODERA Spinola? = Kapala. 
Eucharis dicerodera Spinola, Mem. Acad. Se. Torino (2), XIII, 1851, p. 48, 7.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 360. 


Brazil. 


468 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Genus ORASEMA Cameron. 
ORASEMA FESTIVA (Fabricius). 
Eucharis festiva Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 157. 
Orasema festiva Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XX., 1886, p. 29.— Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 361. 
Brazil. 
ORASEMA RAPO (Walker). 
(Plate XXXIV., Fig. 5.) 
Eucharis rapo Walker, Monogr. Chale., II., 1839, p. 66, 9. 
Orasema rapo Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XX., 1886, p. 26. — Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 361. 
Brazil: Chapada, in April; Santarem; Corumba, in May. Fifteen specimens. 


PSEUDOCHALCURA Ashmead, gen. noy. 
This genus resembles Chaleura Kirby, but the wings are hyaline, without a fus- 
cous spot, and the antennze, in the male, have only fowr branches. 


PSEUDOCHALCURA NIGROCYANEFA, Sp. nov. 
(Plate XXXIV., Fig. 6:) 

Male.— Length 3.5 mm. Blue-black, coarsely, reticulately punctate, with a 
faint zneous tinge above, the trochanters, apices of femora and all tibee and tarsi, 
and the scape and pedicel of antennz honey-yellow, the flagellum brown-black or 
brown, paler towards apex, joints one to four each with a long branch above. ‘The 
abdomen is zeneous black, with a very long petiole, the length of the hind femora, 
the body subcompressed, viewed from the side subtriangular. 

Female. — Length about 4 mm. Agrees fairly well with the male except that 
the flagellum is brown, joints one to four acutely lobed above, while the abdomen 
is larger, the petiole much shorter, being hardly two thirds the length of the hind 
femora. 

Brazil : Chapada, in April. Six specimens. 


Genus STIBULA Spinola. 
STIBULA NIGRICEPS, sp. noy. 
(Plate XXXYV., Fig. 2.) 

Male.— Length 8 mm. Brownish-yellow, the head, except the eyes which are 
brown, being entirely black; the flagellum from the second joint is brown-black, 
the scape, pedicel, and the first joint of the flagellum being yellow ; the first joint 
of the flagellum is very long, more than twice as long as the scape. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 469 


The thorax is brownish-yellow marked with black as follows: The middle meso- 
thoracic lobe has two oblong, nearly confluent, spots anteriorly, the lateral lobes 
have a spot above, while the scutellum has a transverse line across the base and a 
central line ending on the two spines at the apex of the scutellum, black. The 
abdominal petiole and the legs are yellow. 

Brazil: Santarem, in April. One specimen. 


> 


Genus SCHIZASPIDEA Westwood. 
SCHIZASPIDEA MACULATA Westwood. 
Schizaspidea ? maculata Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 153, Q; Pl. 28, f. 1. 
Orasema maculata Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XX., 1886, p. 29.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 361. 
Brazil. 
SCHIZASPIDEA PRETENDENS Walker. 
Schizaspidea pretendens Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (38), L., 1862, p. 385, d.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 364. 
Brazil: Chapada, in May. One specimen, badly damaged. 


Genus TETRAMELIA Kirby. 
TETRAMELIA MERIDIONALIS Kirby. 
Tetramelia meridionalis Kirby, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), [V., 1889, p. 144, 9.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 364. 
Brazil. 
TETRAMELIA PLAGIATA (Walker). 
(Plate XXXV, Fig. 1.) 
Schizaspidia playiata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), L., 1862, p. 385, d.— 
Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 152; Pl. 28, f. 11. 
Tetramelia plagiata Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XX., 1886, p. 31.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 364. 
Brazil: Chapada, in November. One male specimen. 


Genus THORACANTHA Latreille. 
THORACANTHA LATREILLEI Guérin. 
Thoracantha latreille: Guér. Iconogr. Régn. an. Ins., VII., 1829-44, p. 415; Pl. 
LXVIL., f. 8.— Blanchard, Hist. nat. Ins., I1I., 1840, p. 257.— Walker, Ann. 
& Mag. Nat. Hist., XII., 1843, p. 45, 9.— Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London 
Zool., XX., 1886, p. 32.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., X., 1898, p. 365. 
Thoracantha coleopteroides (Waterhouse) Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, II., 
1839, p. 196. 
Galearia violacea Brullé, Hist. nat. Ins., Hym., IV., 1846, p. 572. 


470 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Thoracantha apta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 384, 7.— West 
wood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 153 ; Pl. 28, f. 3. 
Acrostela apta Shepp, The Entom., XXVI., 1894, p. 188.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V., 1898, p. 366. 
Brazil : Santarem and Villa Nova; Chapada, in March, April and November ; 


Santarem. ‘Twelve male and two female specimens. 


THORACANTHA ROMANDI Gueérin. 
Thoracantha romandii Guérin, Iconogr. Régne anim., VII., Ins., 1845, p. 415.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 366. 


Colombia. 
Genus UROMELIA Kerby. 


UROMELIA STRIATA (Perty). 

Thoracantha striata Perty, Delect. anim. artic. Brasil, 1833, p. 184; T. 28, f. 15 
and 16.— Blanchard, Hist. nat. Ins., II1., 1840, p. 257. 

Uromelia striata Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XX., 1886, p. 87.— Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 367. 

Thoracantha flabellatus Westwood, Proc. Svc. London, III., 1835, p. 52, ¢. 

Thoracantha aculeata Westwood, opus cit., 1835, ©. 

Chalcis (Thoracantha) aculeata Blanchard, Cuvier: Reégne anim., Ed. 3%, Ins., IL 
1329 TS 11S h 

Thoracantha aculeata Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 154; Pl. 28, f. 9. 

Lasionychus flabellatus Shipp, The Entom., XXV., 1894, p. 188. — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 367. 


Brazil: Santarem. Five specimens. 


Genus DICGXLOTHORAX Ashmead. 
Allied to Latocantha Shipp, but easily distinguished by the deep impressions on 
the mesonotum and the scutellum, and by the very broad and different shape of the 
scutellar processes, which form a broad shield over the abdomen. 


DicaLOTHORAX PLATYCERUS, Sp. Nov. 
(Plate XXXV., Fig. 3.) 


Female. — Length 3.8 mm. neous black, the antenne, the legs, except the 


coxe and a median longitudinal stripe on the closely united scutellar projections, 
testaceous. The disk of the mesonotum and the scutellum are concavely excavated, 
the bottom of the concavities being smooth and highly polished, the seutellar proc- 
esses being longitudinally striated. The pronotum is greatly elevated and coarsely 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 471 


transversely striated. The head is coarsely shagreened, with some irregular elevated 
lines, The antenne are short, the first joint being very long, clavate, about the 
length of the scape, or nearly as long as all remaining joints united, the second fun- 
icle joint only a little longer than thick, the following transverse. 

The male differs from the female only slightly in the antennee. ‘The first joint 
of the flagellum is a little shorter about the length of the flagellum, the funicle 
joints two to four being much wider, subdentate above. 

Brazil: Santarem. ‘Two specimens. 


Genus DILOCANTHA Shipp. 
DILOCANTHA FLAVICORNIS (Walker). 
Thoracantha flavicornis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 382.— 
Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 153; Pl. 28, f. 3. 
Dilocantha flavicornis Shipp, The Entom., XX VIL., 1894, p. 184.—Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 366. 
Brazil : Villa Nova (Bates). 
Genus ISOMERALIA Shipp. 
TSOMERALIA CORONATA (Westwood). 
Thoracantha coranata Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 154; Pl. 28, f. 10. 
Isomeralia coranata Shipp., The Entom., XX VII., 1894, p. 188.— Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 366. 
Brazil : Bonito Provence, Pernambuco (Albert Koebele). 


Genus LIRATA Cameron. 
LirnaTA BATESELLA (Westwood). 
Thoracantha batesella Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 154; Pl. 28, f 8, o&%. 
—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 365. 
Brazil: Santarem. One male specimen. 


LirgATA PALLESCENS (Walker). 
Thoracantha pallescens Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 380, &. 
Lirata pallens Shipp, The Entom., XX VII., 1894, p. 188.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V., 1898, p. 367. 

Brazil: Villa Nova (Bates); Chapada, in March and November. Four speci- 
mens, two males. 

The female has not been described. It may be easily recognized by the differ- 
ence in the antennz ; the first joint of the funicle is very long, as long or a little 
longer than the scape, or nearly as long as all the remaining joints united, acute 
at apex above, joints two to four of funicle short but also acute at apex above. 


472 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


LIRATA SURGENS (Walker). 
Thoracantha surgens Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), L., 1862, p. 384, 3. 
Lirata surgens Shipp, The Entom., XX VII., 1894, p. 188.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V., 1898, p. 367. 
Brazil : Santarem. 


Genus KAPALA Cameron. 
KAPALA ALTA (Walker). 

Thoracantha alta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (8), 1., 1862, p. 383, 9.—Dalla 

Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 365. 
Brazil. 
KAPALA ANCHURA (Walker). 

Thoracantha anchurus Walker, List Chale. Brit. Mus., I., 1846, p. 88.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., 1898, p. 365. 

Brazil. 
KAPALA FURCATA (Fabricius). 

Eucharis furcata Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 158, 2.—Latreille, Gen. Crust. et 
Ins., III., 1807, p. 21.—Lamarck, Hist. nat, anim. s. vert., [V., 1817, p. 
160.—Lamarck, opus cit., Ed. 2%, IV., 1835, p. 370—Walker, Monogr. 
Chalc., II., 1839, p. 65. 

Eucharis flabellatus Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 158, &. 

Thoracantha furcata Walker, The Entom., I., 1841; Pl. 9, f. 2. 

Chirocerus furcatus Brullé, Hist. nat. Ins. Hym., 1V., 1846, p. 571; T. 38, f. 5.— 
Lucas, La Sagra’s Hist. fis., ete., Cuba., VII, 1856, p. 762. — Desmarest, 
Chenu. Encyel. hist. nat. Annelles, 1860, p. 161; fig. 141. 

Schizaspidia furcata Walker, Notes on Chalc., Pt. 4, 1871, p. 66, f. 2.—Walker, The 
Entom., VI., 1872, p. 88, fig. 

Kapala furcata Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Am. Hym., I., 1884, p. 103; Pl. 5, f. 15.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 365. 

Brazil: Chapada, in May and April; Santarem. Six female and four male 
specimens. 

When in Berlin in the winter of 1889-90, I saw specimens of this species bear- 
ing MS. names: Thoracantha elevata Westw., T. spinosa Illiger, ete. 


KAPALA INEXAGENS (Walker). 
Thoracantha inexagens Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (8), I., 1862, p. 381, 2.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 365. 
Brazil : Santarem (Bates) ; Chapada, in May. One specimen. 
I am inclined to think this species is only a variety of K. furcata Fabr. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 473 


KAPALA ATRATA (Walker). 
Thoracantha atrata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc., London (3), I., 1862, p. 383, @.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 365. 


Brazil. 
KAPALA CYNIPSEA (Walker). 


Thoracantha eynipsea Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1869, p. 379, 9¢.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 365. 
Brazil: Santarem, Villa Nova. 


KAPALA DICERODERA (Spinola). 
Eucharis dicerodera Spinola, Mem. acead. sc. Torino (2), XIII., 1851, p. 43, 7.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 360. 


Brazil: Para. 
KAPALA REFLEXA (Walker). 


Thoracantha refleca Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 382, 9.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 366. 
Brazil : Santarem (Mr. Bates). 


KAPALA ROMANDIL (Guérin). 
Thoracantha romandii Guér. Ieconogr. régn. anim., VIII., Ins., 1845, p. 415.-—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 366. 


Colombia. 
KAPALA STRIATISSIMA (Walker). 


Thoracantha striatissima Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 380, 9.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 366. 
Brazil : Santarem (Mr. Bates). 


KAPALA SPLENDENS sp. nov. 
(Plate XXXV., Fig. 4.) 

Female.—Length 8-8.5 mm. Very robust, the head and thorax brilliant me- 
tallic green, the abdomen blue or blue green, with eneous reflections, usually brassy 
above, the antenne and the legs except the coxze, yellowish, the wings subfuscous, 
the veins brown. The face is longitudinally striate, the strize becoming transverse 
below the insertion of the antenne, the thorax coarsely transversely striate, the 
scutellum and the scutellar processes longitudinally striate. 

Brazil : Chapada, in April and November. Four specimens. 

This is the largest and most brilliant of any Eucharid yet discovered. 


Genus LASIOKAPALA Ashmead. 
Allied to Kapaia Cameron, but easily distinguished by being hairy or pubescent, 
and by the smoothness of the head. The lateral lobes of the mesonotum and the 


474 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


scutellum, including the long processes, are also smooth, not striate; the scutellar 
processes are transversely striate or serrate at their apices. 


LASIOKAPALA SERRATA, sp. nov. 


(Plate XXXV., Fig. 5.) 


Female.—Length 3.5 mm. &neous black; the antenne, the long scutellar 
processes and the legs are honey-yellow. The head in front is smooth without 
strie ; the thorax is hairy or pubescent, perfectly smooth, except the middle meso- 
thoracic lobe above which is coarsely, transversely striate ; the middle lobe and the 
scutellum have a deep depression on their disks ; while the long scutellar processes 
are smooth to near their apices, their apices or tips above are laterally transversely 
striate or serrate. 

Brazil : Chapada. 


Famity LXV. MISCOGASTERIDZ. 


SuBFAMILY I. PIRENIN®. 
Genus HERBERTIA Howard. 


HERBERTIA HOWARDI, sp. noy. 
(Plate XXXV., Fig. 6.) 

Female.—Length 2.4 mm. Blue black, the thorax above with a slight neous 
tinge ; eyes very large, brown, pubescent ; scape honey-yellow, the flagellum brown- 
black ; tibize and tarsi pale yellow. The head and thorax above are shagreened or 
feebly punctate, pubescent ; the mesopleuron has a broad, rather deep sulcus; the 
wings are hyaline, the veins brownish, the stigmal vein very small, the marginal 
vein very long, while the postmarginal vein is also long. The abdomen is ovate, a 
little longer than the thorax, the first body segment being the longest and occupying 
nearly the half of the whole surface, the following segments very short, subequal 
in length. 


Brazil: Rio de Janeiro in August. One specimen. 


HERBERTIA BRASILIENSIS, Sp. Nov. 


Female. —Length 1.6 mm. Head and thorax bluish, the abdomen neous 


black ; ocelli reddish-yellow ; eyes large, hairy ; flagellum brown-black ; tibiee and 
tarsi yellowish-white. The head and the thorax are only feebly shagreened, the 
lateral mesothoracic lobes being almost smooth ; the wings are hyaline, the veins as 
in H. howardi except paler in color. The abdomen is ovate, pointed at apex, on 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 475 


account of the sheaths of the ovipositor projecting slightly, but not longer than the 
thorax. 
Brazil: Chapada, in April. 


SUBFAMILY IJ. TrRIDYMINZ. 
Tree I. Tridymini. 
Genus GASTRANCISTRUS Westwood. 
GASTRANCISTRUS CEPHALON Walker. 

Gastrancistrus cephalon Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1843, p. 30, Q9.— 
Spinola, Gay’s Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 461, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 203. 

Chile : Conception (C. Darwin). 


- GASTRANCISTRUS FULGINAS Walker. 
Gastrancistrus fulginas Walker, Monogr. Chale., II., 1839, p. 85, 9.— Dalla Torre 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 203. 
Chile : Chiloe. 
GASTRANCISTRUS POLLES Walker. 
Gastrancistrus polles Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI, 1843, p. 186, 2.— 
Spinola, Gay’s Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 460, 9.— Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 204. 
Chile : Coquimbo (C. Darwin). 


GASTRANCISTRUS VONONES Walker. 
Gastrancistrus vonones Walker, Monogr. Chaleid., II., 1839, p. 67, d’ — Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 205. 
Brazil: Bahia. 
Genus ASPOCERUS Mayr. 
AQPOCERUS EMARGINATUS Mayr. 
Apocerus emarginatus Mayer, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien., XXXYV., 1885, p. 244, 
Q.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 315. 
Brazil: St. Catharina (Dr. Fritz Miller). 


JEPOCERUS EXCAVATUS Mayr. 
Apocerus excavatus Mayr., Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien., XXXY., 1885, p. 243, 
2g. — Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 315. 
Brazil: St. Catharina (Dr. Fritz Miller). 


476 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


ABPOCERUS FLAVOMACULATUS Mayr. 
Apocerus flavomaculatus Mayr, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien., XX XV., 1885, p. 244, 
gj. — Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 316. 
3razil: St. Catharina (Dr. Fritz Miller). 
JEPOCERUS INFLATICEPS Mayr. 
Alpocerus inflaticeps Mayr, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien., XX XV., 1885, p. 245; T. 
16, f. 45.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 316. 
Brazil: St. Catharina (Dr. Fritz Miller). 
ZEPOCERUS PUNCTIPENNIS Mayr. 
Alpocerus punctipennis Mayr, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien., XX XV., 1885, p. 245, 
j.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 245. 
Brazil: St. Catharina (Dr. Fritz Miiller). 


ZEPOCERUS SIMPLEX Mayr. 
Apocerus simplex Mayr, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien., XX XYV., 1885, p. 244, 9. — 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 316. 
Brazil: St. Catharina (Dr. Fritz Miiller). 


Trisé Il. Metastenini. 
Genus LYRCUS Walker. 
Lyrcus or1Gco Walker. 
Iyreus origo Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 114, 9.— Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 415. 
Chile: Valparaiso (C. Darwin). 


SuBFAMILY III. MuscoGasTERIN@®. 


Tre I. Halticopterin. 
Genus HALTICOPTERA Spinola. 
HALTICOPTERA CLEODORA (Walker). 
Pachylarthrus cleodora Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1848, p. 116, &. 
Halticoptera cleodora Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 197. 
Peru: Lima (C. Darwin). 
HALTICOPTERA HERSE (Walker). 
Pachylarthrus herse Walker, Monogr. Chale., II., 1839, p. 82, &. 
Halticoptera herse Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 198. 
Chile: Chiloe. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 477 


HALTICOPTERA SARIASTER (Walker). 
Pachylarthrus sariaster Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 271, 9c. 
Halticoptera sariaster Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 199. 
Chile: Valdivia (C. Darwin). 


Genus DICYLUS Walker. 
DIcyLUS ARDUINE Walker. 
Dicylus arduine Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1848, p. 115, 9.— Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V. 1898, p. 200. 
Peru: Lima (C. Darwin). 
DicyLus LYNAstTES Walker. 
Dicylus lynastes Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 271, 9. —Spinola, 
Gay’s Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 457.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
1898, p. 200. 
Chile: Valdivia (C. Darwin). 


TriBE Il. Miscogasterin. 
Genus LAMPROTATUS Westwood. 
LAMPROTATUS ALCANDER Walker. 
Lamprotatus alcander Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XII, 1843, p. 30, 7.— 
Spinola, Gay’s Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 452, o'.— Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 187. 
Chile. 


LAMPROTATUS BISALTES Walker. 
Lamprotatus bisaltes Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 272, o. — Spinola 
Gay’s Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 455, &. — Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V7 1698; p. 187. 
Chile: Valdivia (C. Darwin). 
LAMPROTATUS C&CINA Walker. 
Lamprotatus cecina Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 114, 92. — Spinola, 
Gay’s Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 452, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V., 1898, p. 187. : 
Chile: Valparaiso (C. Darwin). 
LAMPROTATUS DIOXIPPES (Walker). 
Miscogaster diovippes Walker, Monogr. Chale., I1., 1839, p. 67, 9. 
Lamprotatus dioxippes Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 33.— Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 189. 
Brazil: Bahia. 


478 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


LAMPROTATUS CLEUS Walker. 
Miscogaster cleus Walker, Monogr. Chale., II., 1839, p. 85, 9. 
Lamprotatus cleus Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 33.— Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 189. 
Chile : Chiloe. 


LAMPROTATUS HAGES Walker. 
Miscogaster hages Walker, Monogr. Chale., II., 1839, p. 88, &%. 
Lamprotatus hages Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I. 1846, p. 33.— Spinola, 
Gay’s Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 451, 3%.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym, 
V., 1898, p. 189. 
Chile: Chiloe. 
LAMPROTATUS N2ZVOLUS Walker. 
Lamprotatus? nevolus Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI, 1848, p. 185, 7.— 
Spinola, Gay’s Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 456, o%.— Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 191. 
Chile : Coquimbo (C. Darwin). 


LAMPROTATUS NATTA Walker. 
Lamprotatus natta Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 271, d.— Spinola, 
Gay’s Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 455, #'.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V., 1898, p. 191. } 
Chile : Valdivia (C. Darwin). 


LAMPROTATUS NUMITUS Walker. 
Lamprotatus numitus Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 18438, p. 184, #.— 
Spinola, Gay’s Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 453, ¢—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 191. 
Chile: Isle Chonos (C. Darwin). 


LAMPROTATUS OROBIA Walker. 

Lamprotatus orobia Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 272, 9.— Spinola, 
Gay’s Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 454, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V21898; p. 191, 

Chile: Valdivia (C. Darwin). 


LAMPROTATUS TUBERO Walker. 
Lamprotatus tubero Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1843, p. 185, 9.—Spinola, 
Gay’s Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VI, 1851, p. 450, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V., 1898, p. 193. 
Chile : Coquimbo (C. Darwin). 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 479 


Genus SELADERMA Walker. 
SELADERMA EPULO Walker. 
Seladerma epulo Walker, Monogr. Chale., IL, 1839, p. 86, °.—Spinola, Gay’s 
Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 449, Q.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
1898, p. 194. 
Chile : Chiloe. 
Genus MISCOGASTER Walker. 
MIscoGASTER APHAREUS Walker. 
Miscogaster aphareus Walker, Monogr. Chale., II., 1839, p. 83, @.— Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 195. 
Chile : Chiloe. 


MISCOGASTER NICETAS Walker. 
Miscogaster nicetas Walker, Monogr. Chale., II., 1839, p. 84, Q.—Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 195. 
Chile : Chiloe. 


MISCOGASTER TYCHE Walker. 
Miscogaster tyche Walker, Monogr. Chalc., IT., 1839, p. 84, co. — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 198. 
Chile : Chiloe. 
SupraMiLty [V. LeELapin#. 
Genus LELAPS HAtipay. 


LELAPS AVICULA Haliday. 
Lelaps avicula Haliday, Trans. Ent. Soe. London, III., 1848, p. 300, &%. 
Lzlaps avicula Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 184. 


Brazil. 
LELAPS CALLISTO (Marshall). 


Lzlaps callisto Marshall, Ann. soc. ent. France, LXI., 1892, p. 73; Pl. 4, f 3— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 184. 


Venezuela. 
LELAPS DECORATA Walker. 


Lelaps decorata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 890, @. 
Lexlaps decorata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 184. 
Brazil : Ega. 


LeLAps PictA Walker. 
Lelaps picta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 390, 9. 
Lzlaps picta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 184. 
Brazil: Ega. 


LELAPS APICALIS sp. nov. 
Female.—Length 4mm. Head, thorax and abdomen pale ferruginous, the base 
of the abdomen and the stylus black ; scape, pedicel and antennal club pale yel- 


480 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


lowish, the funicle black ; legs, including coxee, flavo-testaceous. Wings hyaline, 
with a curved fuscous streak at basal third, a large fuscous spot beyond this, includ- 
ing the disk, connected with the basal nervure and extending to the hind margin ; 
there is a large hyaline spot beneath the marginal vein and the apex of the stigmal 
vein ; another triangular hyaline spot at the hind margin, while the apex of the 
wing is also hyaline. The head and thorax are opaquely punctate, without strize ; 
the abdomen is conic-ovate, smooth and polished and terminates in a black, sub- 
compressed stylus. The antenne are subclavate, not long, the flagellum being only 
about twice the length of the scape, the last three joints of the funicle a little wider 
than long. 
Brazil: Chapada, in August. 


LELAPS AFFINIS, sp. nov. 

Female.—Length 4 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen, except the tip of the 
stylus which is black, pale ferruginous ; scape, pedicel, first three joints of funicle, 
the last joint of funicle, and the club, pale yellowish or whitish ; legs, including the 
coxe, flayo-testaceous, the coxee and tarsi however tinged with white. Front wings 
hyaline, with a fuscous band across from the base of the marginal vein and enclos- 
ing the basal part of the stigmal vein; this is followed by a hyaline transverse band 
and then by another narrow transverse fuscous band ; the apex of the wing is hya- 
line. The head and thorax are finely opaquely sculptured ; the face above the in- 
sertion of the antenne is finely, transversely aciculate, but smooth near the eye 
margin; the axille are finely longitudinally aciculate. The abdomen is shaped as 
in L. apicalis. 

Brazil: Santarem. 

LELAPS FERRUGINEA, Sp. Nov. 

_ Female. — Length 3.6-4 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen, pale ferruginous, 
the extreme tip of the stylus black ; antennze pale yellowish with the two last joints 
of the funicle and the club black; the funicle, without the pedicel, is fully three 
times as long as the scape; legs, including the coxze, pale flavo-testaceous, the 
coxee and the tarsi tinged with whitish, the hind tibize fuscous or subfuscous. Front 
Wings mostly fuscous, the base and tips hyaline and with two wedge-shaped hyaline 
spots vis-d-vis across the disk, just beyond the stigmal vein, their points meeting. 
The head and thorax are sculptured as in L. affinis except that the axille are not 
longitudinally aciculate and the posterior half of the mesopleura is perfectly smooth 
and highly polished. 

srazil: Santarem. ‘Two specimens. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 481 


LELAPS ZENEICEPS, sp. nov. 

Female. — Length 3.5-4 mm. Head seneous black, the thorax and the abdo- 
men ferruginous, the middle lobe of the scutellum basally, a band across the middle 
of the abdomen and the tip of the stylus, black ; face striate ; antennz pale yellow- 
ish, with the last four or five joints of the funicle black ; the flagellum is long, fully 
three times as long as the scape, the joints long, the last joint of the funicle only a 
little longer than thick, but the shortest joint; legs pale yellowish, the cox and 
tarsi whitish, the middle femora sometimes dusky or subfuscous basally. The front 
wings are hyaline, with the apex fuscous; there is also a faint fuscous streak across 
from the origin of the marginal vein. The abdomen is conic-oyate, produced into 
a rather long stylus at apex ; the stylus is compressed towards apex and about as 
long as the large second segment, the second segment blackish or fuscous at apex. 

Brazil: Chapada and Santarem. 


LELAPS HALIDAYI, sp. noy. 

Female. — Length 10.5 mm. Head and thorax eeneous black, with a faint 
purplish tinge in certain lights ; face coarsely striate ; pronotum transversely striate, 
the strize coarser on the collar ; mesonotum anteriorly delicately transversely striate, 
the lobes posteriorly roughly punctured ; scutellum striate; metanotum rugulose, 
bifoveolate at base. The antenne are long, black, the scape metallic black but more 
or less testaceous beneath; the flagellum is about thrice as long as the scape, sub- 
clavate, pubescent, the joints elongate. The legs are testaceous, the front and hind 
coxee and trochanters, base of middle tibize and the tarsi basally are yellowish-white, 
the front tibize at apex and the hind tibiz at apical two thirds are fuscous. The 
abdomen is rufous and terminates in a long stylus, the sheaths of the ovipositor 
being black. The front wings are hyaline, with a large triangular fuscous spot on 
the disk, a large oval fuscous spot at apex and a small fuscous spot at the origin of 
the marginal vein. 

Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, in October. 

Dedicated to the memory of A. H. Haliday, Esq., the describer of the genus, 
and who did so much to advance the knowledge of the parasitic Hymenoptera. 


LELAPS ABDOMINALIS, sp. nov. 
(Plate XXXVI, Fig. 1.) 

Female.— Length 8.5 mm. Head and pronotum dark blue, the rest of the 
thorax black or eeneous black ; abdomen red, with the extreme apex black ; scape 
and pedicel of the antennee and the legs pale testaceous, the tips of the coxe, 
sutures of trochanters, knees and tarsi basally, more or less whitish, the tips of the 


482 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


middle and hind tibiew fuscous. The front wings are very similar to those in L. 
halidayi, only the fuscous spot at the apex extends all across the wing and leaving 
a whitish band between it and the apex of the stigmal vein. The face, pronotum 
and scutellum are coarsely striate. 

Brazil: P. Branea, in April. 


LELAPS BIMACULATA, Sp. noy. 

Female.— Length 3-4 mm. Head and thorax eeneous black, the thorax above 
more or less bronzy green, the abdomen polished black ; scape, pedicel, basal two or 
three joints of the flagellum and most of the legs pale yellowish, the coxz basally 
and the femora, especially the front and hind femora, zeneous black or brown, the 
tips of the cox, base of tibise and the tarsi basally, whitish. The front wings are 
hyaline, with a fuscous spot at apex and another beneath and including the stigmal 
vein. The abdomen, with its long stylus, is longer than the head and thorax 
united, the stylus alone being about two thirds the length of the body of the 
abdomen. The head is shining, with the face delicately longitudinally striate ; the 
thorax is sculptured, the base of the mesonotum, the axilla and the apex of the 
scutellum being striate. The antenne are long, the flagellum being subclavate and 
more than three times the length of the scape, the funicle joints all longer than 
thick, the basal joints the longest. 

Brazil : Chapada, in April; Santarem ; and P. Branca. 


LELAPS STYLATA, sp. nov. 

Female.— Length 5.5-6 mm. Head and thorax eneous black, the thorax 
above sometimes bronzed green, the abdomen polished black, ending in a long 
stylus, which is as long as or a little longer than the body of the abdomen ; scape, 
base of flagellum and sometimes the tip, and most of the legs, except as noted, pale 
yellowish,'the front and middle coxee basally, and the front femora, brown or black, 
the hind femora, except basally and at tips, subfuscous, the tips of hind tibize dusky, 
the hind coxe, trochanters, all tibize more or less and especially basally, and all tarsi 
basally, more or less white or tinged with white; the stylus is sometimes testaceous 
basally or with only the apex black, more rarely wholly black. 

Brazil : Chapada, in April ; Santarem. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 483 
Famity LXVII. CLEONYMIDZ. 


SUBFAMILY I. CHALCEDECTIN ®. 
Genus CHALCEDECTES Walker. 


CHALCEDECTES HISTRIONICA (Westwood). 
Polychroma histrionica Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 141; Pl. 26, f. 6. 
Polychromatium histrionicum Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 186. 
Brazil: Santarem. ‘Two specimens. 


CHALCEDECTES MACULICORNIS Walker. 
Chalcedectes maculicornis Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), X., 1853, p. 47, Q. 
Chalcodectes maculicornis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 186. 
Brazil: Para; Santarem. Two specimens. 


CHALCEDECTES REGALIS (Westwood). 
Polychroma regalis Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 141; Pl. 26, f. 7. 
Polychromatium regale Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 186. 
Brazil: Amazon (Bates). 


CHALCEDECTES SEDECIMDENDATUS (Westwood). 
Polychroma sedecimdentata Westwood, 'Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 141. 
Polychromatium sedecimdentatum Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 186. 


Brazil. 
CHALCEDECTES SEPTEMDENTATUS (Westwood). 


Polychroma septemdentata Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 142. 
Polychromatium septemdentatum Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 186. 
Brazil: Para (Bates). 


CHALCEDECTES ANNULIPES, Sp. noy. 
(Plate XXXVI., Fig. 2. 
Female. 


Length about 7 mm. Metallic purplish and green, with cupreous 
tingings, a more decided green spot on the anterior middle of the pronotum and 
on the disk of the scutellum, the legs metallic greenish and wneous, the hind 
coxee more bluish posteriorly, the three basal joints of the tarsi and a broad band 
on the hind tibiz at base, white, the terminal joints of tarsi brown or brown 
black. The wings are hyaline, the veins light brown, the subcostal vein yellow- 
ish towards apex. The swollen hind femora are armed with about thirteen 
or fourteen minute teeth. The abdomen is conic-ovate, a little longer than the 
head and thorax united, depressed. 
Brazil: Chapada, in January ; Corumba, in May. 


484 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


SupraMILy II. CLEONYMINZ. 
Genus LYCISCA Spinola. 


LyciscA APICALIS Walker. 
Lycisea apicalis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I, 1862, p. 393, 9.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 231. 
Brazil: Ega (Bates); Santarem. Three specimens. 


Lycisca HASTATA Walker. 
Lycisca hastata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), L, 1862, p. 393, 9.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 231. 
Brazil : Ega (Bates). 


LYCISCA IGNICAUDA Westwood. 
(Plate XXXVI., Fig. 3.) 
Lycisca ignicauda Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 148; Pl. 27, f 10.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 231. 
Brazil: Para (Bates); Santarem ; Chapada, in November; Corumba, in April. 


Eight specimens. 
LYCISCA MACULIPENNIS (Philippi). 


Proglochin maculipennis Philippi, Stettin. ent. Zeitg., XX XII., 1871, p. 289; Pl. 3, 
£.3,.5% 
Lycisca maculipennis Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 149.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 231. 
Chile: Valdivia, near Los Ulmos. 


LYCISCA RAPTORIA Spinola, 

Lycisca raptoria Spinola, Rey. Zool., 1840, p. 18.—Spinola, Mag. de Zool., X., 1840, 
p. 18, 9; Pl. 43.—Spinola, Mem. accad. sc. Torino (2), XIII., 1851, p. 44, 
2.—Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 148.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V., 1898, p. 231. 


Brazil : Cayenne. 
LycIscA ROMANDII Westwood. 


Lycisca romandii Westwood, Magas. de Zool., XI., 1841, p. 84; Pl. 84.—Guérin, 
Iconogr. régn. anim., VII., 1845, p. 416.—Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 
1874, p. 148.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 230. 


Brazil : Cayenne. 
LycIscA WESTWOODIL Guérin. 


Lycisca westwoodii Guérin, Iconogr. régn, anim., VII., Ins., 1845, p. 416.— Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 231. 


Colombia. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 485 


Genus CLEONYMUS Latreille. 
CLEONYMUS COLLARIS Spinola. 
Cleonymus collaris Spinola, Mém. acead. sc. Torino (2), XIII., 1853, p. 46, 2.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 182. 
Brazil: Para. 
Genus TRIGONODERUS Westwood. 
TRIGONODERUS BRASILIENSIS, sp. noy. 
(Plate XXXVI., Fig. 4.) 

Female. — Length 4 mm. Bronzed green, the face in front, the thorax at the 
sides and beneath, and the coxee bluish-green ; abdomen elongate, conically pointed, 
much longer than the head and thorax united, blue-black, with a metallic eeneous 
tinge at base; scape, pedical, tegulee and legs, except as noted, honey-yellow, the 
hind femora dusky ; flagellum brown-black. Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish. 

Brazil: Chapada, in April. One specimen. 


Genus EPISTENIA Westwood. 
EPISTENIA HQUALIS Walker. 
Epistenia xqualis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 392, 9. — Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 177. 
Brazil: San Paulo. 
EPISTENIA ANIA Walker. 
Epistenia ania Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 98, 29. — Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 177. 


Brazil. 
EPISTENIA BASALIS Walker. 


(Plate XXXV., Fig. 5.) 
Epistenia basalis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 397, 9. — Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 177. 
Brazil: Tapagos (Bates); Santarem. ‘Iwo specimens. 


EPISTENIA QUADRIPLAGIATA Walker. 
Epistenia quadriplagiata Walker, Notes on Chale., Pt. 5, 1872, p. 85, 9.— Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 178. 


Brazil. 
EPISTENTIA sCcUTATA Walker. 


Epistenia scutata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 391, °.— Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 178. 
Brazil. 


486 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


SuBrAMILY III. PELECINELLINZ. 
Genus PELECINELLA Westwood. 
PELECINELLA HOWARDII Ashmead. 


(Plate XXXVI., Fig. 6.) 
Pelecinella howardii Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soe. Washington, III., 1895, p. 233, 9.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 178. 
Brazil: Chapada, in November. ‘T'wo specimens. 
PELECINELLA PHANTASMA Westwood. 
Pelecinella phantasma Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1868, p. xxxv.— West- 
wood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 142; Pl. 26, f. 8—Ashmead, Proc. Ent. 
Soc. Washington, III., 1895, p. 233, 9. 
Brazil: Amazon (Bates). 


PELECINELLA WESTWOODII Ashmead, 
Pelecinella westwoodii Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, III., 1895, p. 233, 9. 
— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 178. 
Brazil: Chapada, in March ; P. Branca, in April. ‘Two specimens. 


Famity LXVII. ENCYRTIDA. 
SUBFAMILY I. EuPrELMINE. 
TriBE I. Mupelmini. 
Genera OODERELLA Ashmead. 


OODERELLA SMITHIL Ashmead. 
(Plate XXXVIL., Fig. 1.) 
Ooderella smithii Ashmead, Proce. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 1896, p. 11, 9.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 268. 
Brazil: Chapada, in April. One specimen. 


Genus BRASEMA Cameron. 
BRASEMA FUSCIPENNIS, Sp. Noy. 

Female. — Length 7 mm. Uniformly dark blue, closely punctate, the meso- 
pleura and the coxee clothed with a white pubescence. Wings fuscous, a little paler 
at tips. Head very broad, lenticular, without antennal furrows ; eyes brown, faintly 
hairy ; ocellired, arranged in a triangle; mandibles small, 3-dentate at apex ; legs 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 487 


concolorous with the body, the sutures of the trochanters yellowish, the tibiee sub- 
dilated towards apex, the hind tibiee subcompressed, ending in two short spurs, the 
middle tibize ending in one strong spur, the middle tarsi dilated with joints one to 
four armed with two rows of black teeth beneath. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


Genus IDOLEUPELMUS Ashmead. 
IDOLEUPELMUS ANNULICORNIS Ashmead. 
Idoleupelmus annulicornis Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 1896, p. 18, 
Q.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 271. 
Brazil: Santarem. West Indies: St. Vincent. 


Genus MACREUPELMUS Ashmead. 


MACREUPELMUS BRASILIENSIS Ashmead. 
(Plate XXXVIL, Fig. 2.) 
Macreupelmus brasiliensis Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 1896, p. 14, 
Q.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 271. 
Brazil: Santarem. Four specimens. 


Genus ISCHNOPSIS Ashmead. 

ISCHNOPSIS THORACICA sp. noy. 

Female. 

a fine, glittering white pubescence; eyes black; antenne, thorax, legs and abdo- 


Length 3.5 mm. Head metallic green, finely punctate, the face with 


men honey-yellow. The abdomen is longer than the head and thorax united, and 
tinged with fuscous towards apex, the ovipositor short, but distinct. 
Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


ISCHNOPSIS CYANEA sp. NOvV.. 
Female. — Length 3.5 mm. Uniformly dark blue, the thorax with a greenish 


tinge in certain lights, closely finely punctate, and clothed with short, scale-like, 


white hairs; the tibial spurs and the tarsi, except toward apex, yellowish-white, the 
basal joints always white; eyes large, converging above, brown and faintly pubes- 
cent. Wings hyaline, veins light brown. 


Brazil: Santarem. 
Genus EUPELMUS Dalman. 


EUPELMUS AMERICANUS Spinola. 
Eupelmus ? americanus Spinola, Mem. acead. sc. Torino (2), XITI., 1851, p. 47.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 273. 
Brazil: Para. 


488 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


EUPELMUS AMILLARUS Walker. 
Eupelmus amillarus Walker, Ent. Mag., V., 1838, p. 475, 9.—Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 273. 


Brazil. 
EUPELMUS BASICUPREUS Walker. 


Eupelmus basicupreus Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), X., 1852, p. 45, 2.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 274. 


Brazil: Para. 
EUPELMUS EXCELLENS Westwood. 


Eupelmus excellens Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 149.—Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 276. 
Brazil: Para (Bates). 


EUPELMUS KOEBELEI, sp. noy. 
Female. 
front gold-green, the abdomen blue-black, with an eneous tinge, cupreous at base 


Length 2.6mm. Apterous and of a bluish-green color, the head in 


and beneath, the ovipositor yellowish, with a black annulus at base and at tip; the 
ovipositor is hardly one third the length of the abdomen ; the pronotum is bluish, 
with a tuft of long black hairs on the anterior middle above ; legs eeneous black, 
the sutures of the trochanters, tips of all tibize, a spot at base of middle tibiee, and 
all tarsi, except the last joint, brownish-yellow or yellowish-white. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7660, U. 8. N. M. 

Brazil : Bonito Proy., Pernambuco, February, 1883 (Mr. Albert Koebele). 


EUPELMUS ACAUDUS, sp. nov. 

Female-—Length 2mm. Metallic green, the head on the vertex and the meso- 
pleura blue-green ; scape, pedicel and legs, including the cox, pale honey-yellow ; 
flagellum brown-black. The wings are hyaline, with the veins yellowish. The 
abdomen conic-ovate, as long as the head and thorax united, neous black, the 
ovipositor not prominent, the sheaths yellowish and only slightly projecting beyond 
the tip of the abdomen. 

3razil: Santarem. One specimen. 


EUPELMUS PROXIMUS, sp. nov. 

Female—Length 1.6 mm. neous black, the head in front metallic green ; 
scape eeneous black, the pedicel at apex and beneath yellowish, the flagellum black ; 
legs, except coxee which are metallic, brownish-yellow, the front femora toward 
apex faintly dusky. The wings are hyaline, the veins yellowish. The abdomen is 
elongate, conically pointed, eeneous black, longer than the head and thorax united, 
the ovipositor not prominent, the sheaths yellowish and only slightly projecting. 

Brazil: Chapada, in April. One specimen. 


ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 489 


EUPELMUS COMPRESSIVENTRIS, Sp. Noy. 

Female—Length 3 mm. ; ovipositor about one third the length of the abdomen 
and broadly ringed with yellow. Head and thorax blue, with a faint greenish tinge 
in certain lights, the mesopleura decidedly eeneous; abdomen compressed, ceneous 
black ; antennz, except the club, and the legs, except the cox basally, brownish- 
yellow, the hind femora faintly dusky medially. 

Brazil: Corumba, in March. One specimen. 


EUPELMUS APRILIS, sp. noy. 

Female—Length 2 mm. ; ovipositor short but distinct, the length of the basal 
joint of hind tarsi, testaceous. Head and thorax metallic green; antennz black, 
the scape «neous black; legs except the femora, the hind coxe, a spot at base of 
the front tibie outwardly, straw-yellow. The wings are hyaline, the veins yellowish. 
The abdomen is elongate, conically pointed, longer than the head and thorax united 
and seneous black. 

Brazil : Chapada, in April. One specimen. 


EUPELMUS CHAPADA, Sp. noy. 

Female—Length 2.8 mm.; ovipositor projecting, not ringed with yellow, but 
with the tip brownish. Head, thorax and abdomen metallic green, the mesopleura 
with a purplish tinge ; antennze except a narrow annulus at the apex of the pedicel, 
wholly back; legs, except the front and hind cox, pale ferruginous or brownish- 
yellow. The wings are hyaline, the veins yellowish. The abdomen is conically 
pointed, longer than the head and the thorax united. 

Brazil: Chapada, in April. One specimen. 


EUPELMUS SANTAREMENSIS, Sp. NOV. 

Female.—Length 3.5 mm.; ovipositor about one third the length of the abdomen, 
ringed with yellow. Head and thorax blue or bluish-green, the head in front and the 
mesonotal ridges metallic-green ; scape and an annulus at the apex of the pedicel, 
yellow ; legs, except the front and the hind coxze and more or less of their femora 
which are metallic blue or blue-green, pale ferruginous or brownish-yellow. 


Brazil: Santarem. 
EuUPELMUS PERSIMILIS, Sp. noy. 


Female—Length 4 mm.; ovipositor prominent, broadly ringed with yellowish- 
white. This species is allied to /. santaremensis, but it is slightly larger, the lateral 
ridges of the mesonotum, the elevated basal part of the middle lobe and the seu- 
tellum are more decidedly gold-green ; the disk of the mesopleura is greener ; the 
antenn, except the club, are wholly yellow ; while the legs, except the coxe and a 


490 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


streak on the hind femora, are pale ferruginous, the apex of the hind tibie# and their 
tarsi being white. 
Brazil: Corumba, in May. One specimen. 


EUPELMUS CORUMB, sp. nov. 

Female.—Length 2.5 mm.; ovipositor short, not ringed with white. Bluish- 
green, the anterior part of the middle mesothoracic lobe and the mesopleura pos- 
teriorly more decidedly green ; antenne, except the scape beneath, black ; legs me- 
tallic brown, the cox blue-green, the trochanters, knees and base and tips of tibiz, 
yellowish, the tibial spurs and the tarsi, except the last two joints, white or yellow- 
ish-white. Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish. 

Brazil: Corumba, in May. One specimen. 


EUPELMUS UNIFASCIATUS, Sp. Nov. 

Female.—Length 3.8 mm.; ovipositor prominent, more than one third the length 
of the abdomen, yellowish basally, brownish towards tip but with the extreme tip 
yellowish. Blue, with a glittering white pubescence; prothorax and the lateral 
lobes of the mesonotum gold-green ; antennz black, the scape subeompressed, me- 
tallic eeneous, legs «neous or bronzed, the sutures of the trochanters and the knees 
testaceous, the middle and hind tarsi basally whitish. Wings subfuscous, hyaline at 
base and with a narrow transverse band from before the origin of the stigmal vein. 

Brazil : Chapada, in August. One specimen. 


EUPELMUS SIMILLIMUS, sp. noy. 

Female.— Length 2 mm. ; ovipositor prominent, with a broad yellowish band. 
Metallic green ; head above smooth, «eneous black ; palpi white; front wings with 
the apical two thirds fuscous, the fuscous part with two oblique white spots, vis-d-vis, 
one extending from the front margin just before the stigmal vein, the other just 
opposite it on the hind margin, as in the West Indian E. albomaculatus ; legs metallic 
brownish, the apices of the coxw, the trochanters, the front and middle femora 
beneath, and the rest of the legs, except the base of the front and middle tibia out- 
wardly, white or whitish. 

Brazil: Chapada, in April. One specimen. 


EUPELMUS MAGNICLAVATUS, Sp. NOV. 

Female.— Length 4.5 mm.; ovipositor short, only about two thirds the length 
the basal joint of hind tarsi, and yellowish-white. Blue, closely, finely punctate, 
the mesonotal depression greenish ; wings hyaline, with a fuscous cloud extending 
from the tip of the stigmal vein into the discoidal region, then curving backwards 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 491 


and connected with a faint cloud that extends from the base of the marginal vein ; 
antennz zeneous black, ending in a large stout club which is nearly as long as the 
scape, the last four joints of the funicle being much wider than long; legs eneous 
black, the trochanters, or at least along the sutures, yellowish. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


Genus PHLEBOPENES Perty. 
PHLEBOPENES BASILICA (Marshall). 
Prionopelma basilica Marshall, Ann. soe. ent. France, XLI., 1892, p. 71; Pl. 4, f 2. 
Phlebopenes basilica Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 279. 
Venezuela: San Esteban. 
PHLEBOPENES CONSORS (Walker). 
Prionopelma consors Walker, Trans. Ent. Soe. London (3), I., 1862, p. 395, °. 
Phlebopenes consors Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 279. 
Colombia: New Grenada. 


PHLEBOPENES LONGICAUDATA (Westwood). 
Prionopelma longicaudata Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 145, © ; Pl. 27, 
f. 4. 

Phlebopenes longicaudata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 279. 

Brazil: Para (Bates). 

PHLEBOPENES LONGICOLLIS Westwood. 

Prionopelma longicollis Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 145; T. 27, fi 1. 
Phlebopenes longicollis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 279. 

Brazil: Para (Bates); Chapada. One specimen. 


PHLEBOPENES LONGIFICA (Walker). 
Prionopelma longifica Walker, Notes on Chale., Pt. 5, 1872, p. 84, &. 
Phlebopenes longifica Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 297. 
Brazil: Para (Bates); Santarem. One specimen. 


PHLEBOPENES PURPUREA (Walker). 
Prionopelma purpurea Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), L, 1862, p. 395, °. 
Phlebopenes purpurea Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 279. 
Brazil: Tapayos and Ega (Bates). 


PHLEBOPENES SPLENDENS (Walker). 
Prionopelma splendens Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 396, &. 
Phlebopenes splendens Dalla ‘Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 279. 
Brazil: Villa Nova (Bates). 


492 ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 


PHLEBOPENES SPLENDIDUS Perty. 
Phlebopenes splendidus Perty, Delectus. anim. Artic. Brasil., 1833, p. 182; T. 26, f. 
11.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 279. 
Brazil. 
PHLEBOPENES VIRIDIS (Westwood). 
Prionopelma viridis Westwood, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, III., 1835, p. 51. — West- 
wood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 144. 
Phlebopenes viridis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 279. 
Brazil. 
PHLEBOPENES ABDOMINALIS, sp. noy. 

Female. — Length to tip of abdomen 8.5-9 mm.; ovipositor about 25 or 26 
mm. long. Head and thorax blue, with faint greenish tingings in certain lights ; 
antenne black, the scape subecompressed, seneous black ; legs, except the coxee, and 
abdomen pale ferruginous, the long ovipositor being black. Wings hyaline, the 
veins brownish. 


Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, in November. One specimen. 


PHLEBOPENES PERTYI, sp. noy. 
(Plate XXXVIL., Fig. 3.) 

Female. — Length to tip of abdomen about 9 mm.; ovipositor about 27 mm. 
long. Head and thorax blue, the ridges of the mesonotum tinged with neous ; 
antenne black; the prosternum, the legs, including all coxe, and the abdomen 
pale ferruginous, the abdomen of a darker red. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 

This species resembles P. abdominalis, but is easily separated by the color of the 


COX. 
ENCYRTASPIS Ashmead, gen. noy. 


This genus is at once recognized by the tuft of long black hairs on the scutellum 
as in the genus Hncyrtus Latreille (= Comys Forster), by the shape of the head, the 
scrobes being very short, hardly impressed, and by the abdomen, which has the 
hypopygium prominent and ends in a long ovipositor. 


ENCYRTASPIS BRASILIENSIS, sp. nov. 
(Plate XXXVIL, Fig. 4.) 

Female.— Length about 4 mm.; ovipositor longer than the body, with a broad 
white band before the apex. Blue with greenish reflections, the head in front 
seneous, the abdomen seneous black, with a testaceous band near the base, the scu- 
tellum red with a tuft of long black hairs. The antennie, except the last two or 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 493 


three joints of the funicle and the club which are black or dark fuscous, are yellow- 
ish; the legs are brownish or fuscous, the trochanters yellowish, the hind tibis 
compressed, the hind margin of same being white; joints one to three of the mid- 
dle tarsi and joints two and three and apex of joint one of the hind tarsi white. 
The front wings, except the basal one third and the apical one fourth, fuscous, the 
base and apex hyaline. 

Type. — Cat. No. 7661, U. 8. N. M. 

Brazil: Pernambuco. (Mr. Albert Koebele.) 


Genus ANASTATUS Motschulsky. 
TABLE OF SPECIES. 


Jaeihoraxsand a poOMen mMOstLy DOOUaLIC DIME OT OREEN> <5. aeci ce viele was cerese cane so Yeu es cldeclen 


bo 


Thorax and abdomen honey-yellow, or for the greater part. 
Thorax honey-yellow ; head gold-green, closely punctate ; front wings subfuscous, the basal third 
a transverse band before the apex and two triangular spots, vis-d-vis, beneath the marginal 
VEL iy Allirie ODKWAIUG se telereie ce cveimisiols «/e'sicla\a)slele ce iricieic lp vjedefelels in eiaiein «/e)=\n\e = GUMCEDE, AD. TOV. 
Thorax yellowish but with the middle mesothoracic lobe and the metanotum bluish-green ; head 
metallic green, closely punctate ; front wings fuscous, with a band at base, and another across 
from the base of the stigmal vein, hyaline.....................+.+..-d. coreophagus, sp. noy. 
2 DIGI HOES Oe ITI 3 Ah aodend do ade sue Oooo DD OGob UO oN opm ag co enobadnrodddemcmisnodaacnr. My 
Metallic green, the disk of the mesonotum purplish, the mesopleura posteriorly, the ridge in front of the 
tegule, and a band at base of the abdomen honey-yellow ; front wings subfuscous, the basal third 
and a transverse band across from the marginal vein, hyaline or white........ A. pleuralis, sp. nov. 
GaCollan-andipase OfandOMeni Moy Yellow.) ccs wee, <fals s)s) see) stess iets e'e)ais, ale/a/e) «.aleeleiee a) ee nial oars oiePa lo (oieya 

Collar and base of abdomen yellow or whitish. 

Head gold-green ; front wings fuscous with the basal third, and a band across from before the stig- 
TUN eAl VTA LLY Sh LONNIE, ever deyeren terse cre ete ol ctelieies viet ais ia, ne(0 “eleheretn ie! o\S ofa ciars ov era Asjasarara ee ULSTER, SD) 2 DLO Vin 
4. Abdomen finely punctate or shagreened, with a yellowish band at base; front wings fuscous, paler at 
tips, the basal third hyaline, the disk with a narrow transverse band from the apex of the marginal 
CUD ee Patra Ue een aaa oe Pee ar sie ere hare Suaretaia enki aval's Sinid/ died aiecalsiotmele sils/ neta, DUMCMUERINIS, “8D; NOV. 
Abdomen smooth, zeneous black ; front wings fuscous, the basal third, and a transverse band across the 


disk before the origin of the stigmal vein, hyaline............. o ceceeeee A, unifasciatus, sp. NOV. 
ANASTATUS AURICEPS, Sp. Noy. 

Female.— Length 2.5-3 mm. Head metallic gold-green, punctate, the thorax, 
abdomen, legs and antenni, except the club, honey-yellow, the palpi white. 

The thorax and abdomen are smooth, impunctate ; the metathorax has a me- 
tallic band at base, enclosing the spiracles and on the dorsum of the abdomen later- 
ally are a few fuscous spots. The antenn:e, except the club, are yellow, the flagellum 
subclavate, twice the length of the scape. The front wings are subfuscous, with the 
basal third, a transverse band before apex, and two triangular spots vis-d-vis beneath 
the marginal vein, hyaline or whitish. 


494 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Brazil: Corumba, lowlands in March ; Chapada, in April. ‘The specimen from 
Chapada is the smaller, but agrees well with the other, except the flagellum is fuscous 
from the third joint and there is a bluish-green spot on the disk of the mesonotum. 


ANASTATUS COREOPHAG US, Sp. nov. 

Female.— Length 2.4 mm. Head gold-green, closely punctate ; thorax, except 
the middle mesothoracic lobe and the metanotum, which are bluish-green, and the 
abdomen yellowish or honey-yellow ; antenne, except the scape, pedicel and first 
two or three joints of the funicle, which are yellowish or yellowish-white, black or 
brown-black ; legs yellowish, the tarsi, except the last joint, paler. Front wings, 
except at base and a transverse band across from the base of the stigmal vein, 
fuscous, at base and the band hyaline or whitish. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7664, U.S. N. M. 

Brazil: Pernambuco. Bred June 12, 1883, by Mr. Albert Koebele, from the 
eggs on an unknown coreid. 

ANASTATUS PLEURALIS, sp. nov. 

Female.— Length 2.6 mm. Metallic green, the disk of the mesonotum and the 
mesopleura anteriorly purplish or bluish-green ; the scape, the ridge in front of the 
tegulie, the tegule, the mesopleura posteriorly, a broad band at base of abdomen, 
and the legs, except as noted, honey-yellow; the front femora above faintly, a 
narrow stripe on the middle femora above, the hind femora and tibie above, and 
the basal joint of hind tarsi, are brown or fuscous ; the middle coxze basally and the 
hind coxee are metallic. Front wings subfuscous, the basal third and a band across 
the disk from the middle of the marginal vein, hyaline or whitish. 

Brazil : Chapada, in April. One specimen. 


ANASTATUS BASALIS, sp. nov. 

Female.— Length 4.2 mm. Blue-green ; the prothorax, scape and legs, yellowish 
or pale ferruginous, the middle tibize and the hind femora and tibiz more or less 
brown or fuscous, the tarsi whitish ; abdomen neous black, with a broad whitish 
band at base. Front wings with the apical two thirds, except a narrow whitish 
band across from the marginal vein, fuscous, the basal third hyaline. 

Brazil: Chapada, in August. One specimen. 


ANASTATUS PUNCTIVENTRIS, Sp. nov. 


Female.—Length 4mm. Metallic blue-green, more decidedly green on the disk 


of the mesonotum anteriorly and on the vertex ; the whole body, including the 
abdomen, is closely punctate. The scape, pedicel, first three or four joints of the 
flagellum, and a band at the base of the abdomen, are honey-yellow ; legs brownish 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 495 


or fuscous, the front trochanters, a spot on the knees, a stripe on the middle tibize 
beneath and the hind femora beneath, yellowish. The front wings, except the basal 
third and a narrow transverse band on the disk from near the apex of the marginal 
vein, are fuscous, the basal third and the narrow transverse band being hyaline or 
whitish. 

Type. — Cat. No. 7662, U.S. N. M. 

Brazil: Chapada ; Bahia (Mr. A. Koebele). 

This is the only species known in this genus with a punctate abdomen. The 
specimens from Bahia were bred in March, 1883, by Mr. Albert Koebele, from the 
eggs of an unknown locustid. 


ANASTATUS UNIFASCIATUS, sp. nov. 

Female—Length about 5 mm. Dark blue-green, the vertex and disk of the 
mesonotum more decidedly green ; scape yellow, the flagellum, including the pedi- 
cel, brown-black, the club with a whitish spot on the oblique truncature ; legs dark 
brown or fuscous, the front and middle tarsi and joints two to four of hind tarsi be- 
neath, yellowish-white. Wings much as in A. basalis. 

Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. 


Tripe I]. Tanaostigmani. 
TRICHENCYRTUS Ashmead, gen. nov. 

This genus is allied to Tanaostigmodes Ashmead, and resembles it in shape, but 
the body is not bare, as in that genus, but clothed with short, scale-like, white hairs. 
It is also easily separated by the difference in the antennz, the scape being subcom- 
pressed, the funicle joints one to three being wider than long. In Tanaostigmodes 


the funicle joints are cylindrical and longer than wide. 


TRICHENCYRTUS ROBUSTUS, Sp. Nov. 
(Plate XXXVI, Fig. 5.) 

Female-—Length 2mm. Robust, eneous black, with metallic bluish reflections 
in certain lights, the whole body clothed with short, scale-like white hairs, the head 
with a white band across the lower part of the face and extending on to the cheeks 
back of the eyes; there is also another slender white line above this, on each side ; 
extending from the insertion of each antenna to the eye margin ; the very short 
pronotum has a triangular white spot on each side; the front tarsi, or at least more 
or less beneath, and the short sheaths of the ovipositor, are testaceous. The scape 
of the antenne is flat, dilated, eeneous black, the flagellum dull black, pubescent, 
the basal joints wider than long. The wings are hyaline, the costal cell broad, the 


496 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


veins light brown, the stigmal vein long, ending in a small knob, the postmarginal 
much shorter than the stigmal. 
Brazil: Chapada, in April. One specimen 


SupFraMILY II. Encyrrtin2. 
Tre III. Mirini. 
Genus PARENCYRTUS Ashmead. 
PARENCYRTUS BRASILIENSIS, sp. Nov. 
(Plate XXXVIL, Fig. 6.) 
Parencyrtus brasiliensis Ashmead, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, X XII., 1900, p. 368, @. 


Brazil: Chapada. 
Genus ASNASIUS Walker. 


ABNASIUS CHAPAD® Ashmead. 
(Plate XXXVIIL, Fig. 1.) 
Anasius chapade Ashmead, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, XXII., 1900, p. 371, 9. 


Brazil : Chapada. 
Genus BOTHRIOTHORAX Ratzeburg. 


BOTHRIOTHORAX BRASILIENSIS, sp. noy. 

Male.— Length 1.8 mm. neous black, the head and thorax with close, 
thimble-like punctures, sparser on the scutellum ; the antenne are brownish-yellow 
the first four joints of the flagellum slightly emarginate at apex, with long hairs; 
the legs are eeneous black, the front femora toward apex, the apex of the middle 
femora, front and middle tibie and tarsi, and the hind tarsi, yellowish. Wings 
hyaline, the veins light brownish, the postmarginal vein only slightly developed. 
The abdomen in outline is triangular ; shorter than the thorax, depressed and eeneous. 

Brazil: Chapada, in September. One specimen. 


Genus HEMENCYRTUS Ashmead. 
HEMENCYRTUS HERBERTIL Ashmead. 
(Plate XXXVIIL., Fig. 2.) 
Hemencyrtus herbertii Ashmead, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, XXII., 1900, p. 375, 9. 
Brazil: Chapada, in August and November. 


Genus HEXACLADIA Ashmead. 
HexAcLApfA sMirHit Ashmead. 
Hexacladia smithii Ashmead, Ins. Life, IIT., 1891, p. 456, 9%. — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 230. — Ashmead, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, XXII., 1900, 
p- 377. 
Brazil : Chapada, in April. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 497 


Genus APHIDENCYRTUS Ashmead. 
APHIDENCYRTUS EPYTUS (Walker). 
Eneyrtus epytus Walker, Monogr. Chalcid., I1., 1839, p. 69, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 258. 


Brazil: Bahia. 
APHIDENCYRTUS BRASILIENSIS, sp. noy. 


Male. — Length 0.8 mm. neous black, nearly smooth, the abdomen triangular 
with a metallic luster ; antennze brownish-yellow, the joints of the funicle oval, with 
long hairs ; legs, except the coxze and the femora, honey yellow, the cox black, the 
femora brown. Wings hyaline, the veins brown, the stigmal vein about twice as 
long as the marginal. 

Brazil: Chapada, in April. One specimen. 


Genus COCCIDENCYRTUS Ashmead. 
- (?) CoccIDENCYRTUS Vitis Guérin. 
Encyrtus vitis Guérin, Ieconogr. régne anim., VII., Ins., 1845, p. 416, &#; T. 67, f. 
14.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 265. 
Brazil. 
SuBrAMILY III. Sirq@nrpHorIn«. 


Genus SIGNIPHORA Ashmead. 
SIGNIPHORA NOACKI Ashmead. 
Signiphora noacki Ashmead, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, XXIT., 1900, p. 410, 9. 
Brazil : San Paulo. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4793, U.S. N. M. 


SIGNIPHORA RHIZOCOCCI Ashmead. 
Signiphora rhizococct Aslimead, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, XXII., 1900, p. 411, @. 
Brazil: Minas Geras. : 
Type.-—Cat. No. 4858, U.S. N. M. 


Famity LXIX. PTEROMALID. 


SupramMity I. PreroMALina. 
TriBe I. Metaponini. 


Genus METOPON Walker. 
METOPON BRASILIENSE, Sp. nov. 
Female—Length 2 mm. Metallic bronze-green, the head and thorax closely 
punctate, the abdomen with a brassy tinge, except the flagellum, the antennz, and 


498 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


legs, except the coxee, honey yellow, the flagellum strongly clavate, pale brown, the 
joints after the second wider than long, the last funicle joint being more than three 
times as wide as long. The metathorax is almost smooth with a delicate median 
carina which is forked on the produced neck ; no transverse fold on the metano- 
tum. Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish. Abdomen ovate, not longer than the 
thorax, subcompressed beneath towards apex. 

Male.—Length 2.5 mm. Agrees with female in color but easily recognized by 
the antennze, the flagellum being long, filiform, the joints of the funicle being 
briefly pedicellate, with moderately long hairs. 

Brazil: Corumba, in May ; Santarem. One male and three female specimens. 


METOPON MAGNICLAVATUM, Sp. noy. 

Female.—Length 8 mm. Bronzed black, with a purplish tinge, the head and 
thorax closely punctate, the abdomen conically pointed, longer than the head and 
thorax united, zeneous black ; the scape, pedicel and legs, except coxse, honey yel- 
low, the flagellum black, the club greatly enlarged and as long as the pedicel and 
funicle joints united. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 

Quite different from all other species known by the greatly enlarged antennal, 
club and by the conically produced abdomen. 


ACANTHOMETOPON Ashmead, gen. nov. 
Allied to Metopon Walker, but easily separated by the spined scutellum and by 
the flagellum having only two ring-joints. 


ACANTHOMETOPON CLAVICORNE, Sp. nov. 
(Plate XXXVIIL., Fig. 3.) 

Female-—Length 3.8 mm. Bronzed green, closely punctate, the first six joints 
of the antenne and the legs honey yellow, the rest of the antennz black or brown- 
black. Abdomen compressed, the ventral valve prominent; above it has a brassy 
tinge, beneath towards apex and the ventral valve yellow. 

Brazil : Corumba, in May. One specimen. 


Tre IIT. Kutelin. : 
Genus PLAYTERMA Walker. 
PLAYTERMA NEPHELE Walker. 
Platyterma nephele Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1843, p. 186, &. 
Chile : Coquimbo. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 499 


Trrpe TV. Pteromalini. 
Genus PAPHAGUS Walker. 
PAPHAGUS SIDERO Walker. 
Paphagus sidero Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XII, 1843, p. 48, 9.— Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 213. 
West Indies: St. Vincent. 


Genus PTEROMALUS Swederus. 
Very few of the hundreds of species described by Francis Walker in this genus 
belong to it. The types must be studied before his species can be placed in their 


proper genera. 
PTEROMALUS ARCHTA Walker. 


Pteromalus archia Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1848, p. 116, @.— Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 111. 


Peru: Lima. 
PTEROMALUS CALENUS Walker. 


Pteromalus calenus Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X1., 1843, p. 31, o. —Spinola, 
Gay’s Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 445, #. — Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V5 1898, p. 115. 


Chile : Conception. 
PTEROMALUS CLEOPHANES Walker. 


Pteromalus cleophanes Walker, Monogr. Chale., II., 1839, p. 68, 9.— Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 117. 
Brazil: Bahia. 


PrEROMALUS CosIs Walker. 
Pteromalus cosis Walker, Monogr. Chale., II., 1839, p. 68, °.— Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 119. 


Brazil: Bahia. 
PTEROMALUS DRIOPIDES Walker. 


Pteromalus driopides Walker, Monogr. Chale., II., 1839, p. 68, 29.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 122. 
Brazil: Bahia. 


PTEROMALUS EURYPON Walker. : 
Pteromalus ewrypon Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XIEX., 1847, p. 398, 2.— 
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., p. 124. 
PTEROMALUS GRYNEUS Walker. 
Pteromalus gryneus Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 115, 9.— Spinola, 
Gay : Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 442, Q.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V., 1898, p. 127. 
Chile: Valparaiso. 


500 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
PTEROMALUS MEGAREUS Walker. 
Pteromalus megareus Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 272, 9.— Spinola, 


Gay: Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 447, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V., 1898, p. 134. 


Chile: Valdivia. 
PTEROMALUS MYDON Walker. 
Pteromalus mydon Walker, Monogr. Chale., II., 1839, p. 87, 9.—Spinola, Gay: 


Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 439, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
1898, p. 136. 


Chile: Chiloe. 
PTEROMALUS GNOE Walker. 
Pteromalus ende Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI, 1848, p. 187, 9.— Spinola, 


Gay : Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 444, 9.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V., 1898, p. 138. 


Chile : Coquimbo. 
PTEROMALUS OXYNTHES Walker. ; 
Pteromalus ? oxynthes Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1843, p. 184, 9.— 


Spinola, Gay : Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 446, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 139. 


Chile: Isle of Chonos. 
PTEROMALUS PROTHOUS Walker. 
Pteromalus prothous Walker, Monogr. Chale., IL., 1839, p. 87, 2.—Spinola, Gay 


Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 440, 9.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, 
p. 142. 


Chile : Chiloe. 
PTEROMALUS RH@BuUS Walker. 
Pteromalus rhebus Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1843, p. 187, 9. —Spi- 


nola, Gay: Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 442, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 146. 


Chile: Coquimbo. 
PTEROMALUS SESTIUS Walker. 
Pteromalus sestius Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1843, p. 186, 2. — Spinola, 


‘Gay: Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 448, 9. — Dalla Torre, Cat Hym., 
V., 1898, p. 147. 


Chile: Coquimbo. 
PTEROMALUS TOXENUS Walker. 
Pteromalus toxenus Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1848, p. 186, 9.—Spinola, 


Gay: Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 447, 9.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V., 1898, p. 151. 


Chile : Coquimbo. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 501 


PTEROMALUS TRAULUS Walker. 
Pteromalus traulus Walker, Monogr. Chale., II., 1839, p. 88, 9.—Spinola, Gay: Hist. 
de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 440, 9. — Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 151. 
Chile: Chiloe. 


PTEROMALUS VITULA Walker. 
Pteromalus vitula Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1848, p. 187, ¢.— Spinola, 
Gay: Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 444, @.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V., 1898, p. 153. 


Chile : Coquimbo. 
PTEROMALUS VULSO Walker. 


Pteromalus vulso Walker, Monogr. Chale., II., 1839, p. 89, #.—Spinola, Gay: Hist. 

de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 448, o.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 154. 
Chile: Chiloe. 
SupFAMILY IV. SPHEGIGASTERIN®. 
Tripe I. Asaphini. 
Genus ASAPHES Walker. 
ASAPHES VULGARIS Walker. 

Decatoma metallica Spinola, Ann. mus. hist. nat., X VII., 1811, p. 151 (s. deserip.). 

Eurytoma «nea Nees, Hym. Ichn. affin. Monogr., II., 1834, p. 42, 9.—Reinhard, 
Stettin. ent. Zeitg., XX., 1859, p. 192. 

Colax aphidii Curtis, Journ. Agric. Soc., II., 1842. 

Pteromalus petiolatus Zetterstedt, Insect. Lappon., I., 1858, p. 432, 9. 

Chaleis vulgaris Blanchard, Cuvier : Régne. anim., Ed. 3%, Ins., I1., 1849; T. 114, f. 4. 

Chrysolampus suspensus Nees, Hym. Ichn. affin. Monogr., II., 1854, p. 127.—Rein- 
hard, Stettin. ent. Zeitg., XX., 1859, p. 192, Q. 

Chrysolampus altiventris Nees, Hym. Ichn. affin. Monogr., II., 1834, p. 127. 

Chrysolampus exneus Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forstius, II., 1848, p. 185, °.—Ratzeburg, 
opus cit., III., 1852, p. 228. 

Tsocratus vulgaris Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 58.—Thomson, Hym. Skand., 
IV., 1876, p. 208, Qo. 

Asaphes vulgaris Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, p. 152, 9¢%.—Blanchard, Hist. nat. 
Ins., ILL., 1840, p. 265.—Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., II., 1840 ; Synop., 
p. 67.—Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 114, 2.—Spinola, Gay : 
Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 462.—Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forstius, IIT., 
1852, p. 229.—Reinhard, Berl. ent. Zeitschr., I., 1857, p. 76.—Reinhard, 
Stettin. ent. Zeitg., XX., 1859, p. 194.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, 
p. 205. 


502 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Chile. This species is now distributed into all parts of the world. It is parasitic 
on various Aphids and is also occasionally bred from Coccids. 


Tripe III. Sphegigasterini. 
Genus ACROCLISIS Forster. 
ACROCLISIS BRASILIENSIS, Sp. nov. 

Male.—Length 2.5 mm. Bluish-green, closely punctate ; scape, pedicel and legs, 
except coxie, honey yellow, the femora more or less brownish toward base, the tips 
of the femora, the tibiz and tarsi more of a yellowish-white ; flagellum filiform, 
brown, pubescent, the funicle joints more than twice longer than thick ; metanotum 
rugulose, with a median carina; abdomen oblong, the petiole rugulose, opaque, 
with a delicate carina above, the body of abdomen eeneous black, smooth and shiny. 
Wings hyaline, the veins brownish-yellow. 

Brazil: Chapada, in January. One specimen. 


SUBFAMILY V. SPALANGIINA. 


Genus SPALANGIA Latreille. 
SPALANGIA BRASILIENSIS, sp. nov. 

Female. — Length 3.1 mm. neous black, the tip of hind tibize testaceous, the 
tarsi, except last joint, yellowish-white ; eyes pale, hairy. The oblong head is shin- 
ing but in front with sparse thimble-like punctures and a median grooved line, the 
cheeks being long and closely opaquely punctured ; the pronotum is closely umbili- 
cately punctate, the lobes of the mesonotum are smooth, but posteriorly in front of 
the scutellum is a median carina formed by two longitudinal rows of coarse punc- 
tures; there are also punctures on each side of these rows and coarse punctures 
in the parapsidal furrows posteriorly ; the axillar sutures are coarsely punctured ; 
the scutellum proper is smooth, impunctate, except a transverse row of coarse elon- 
gate punctures posteriorly ; the metathorax is rugose from coarse pits, while the meso- 
pleura has a large deep median sulcus and a depression filled with elevated lines 
along the anterior margin. Wings hyaline, faintly dusky, with the veins dark brown. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


Famity LXX. ELASMID/. 
Genus ELASMUS Westwood. 
ELASMUS BRASILIENSIS, sp. nov. 


Female. — Length 2mm. Blue black, with a yellow line between the scutellum 
and the postscutellum ; thorax above delicately reticulate, finely pubescent, the 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF .THE CHALCID FLIES 503 


scutellum smooth, the head in front, except a few minute punctures, smooth and 
shining; the scape of the antenne, the cox apically, the trochanters, front and 
middle femora, apex of hind femora, and the tibize and tarsi, yellowish-white, the 
hind tarsi fuscous at apex ; the hind femora, except at apex, are bluish ; the hairs on 
the hind tibice are arranged so as to form nine areas ; flagellum light brown, the club 
darker. The abdomen is conically produced, compressed at sides, blue black except 
towards base beneath, where it is testaceous. Wings hyaline, the tegule and the 
subcostal vein pale yellowish, the rest of the veins brown. 
Brazil: Corumba,in May. One specimen. 


ELASMUS PERAFFINIS, sp. nov. 

Male. — Length 1.8mm. Blue black with the apex of the scutellum yellow ; 
antenne, including the branches, brown, the scape yellowish; mandibles and 
palpi pale; legs yellowish-white, the base of middle and hind coxe, and a very 
broad band on their femora, black ; the hairs on the hind tibize are so arranged as 
to form six or seven areas. Wings hyaline, the veins light brown, the tegule yel- 
lowish-white. 

Brazil: Exact locality not given. One specimen. 


ELASMUS CHAPADA, Sp. nov. 

Female. — Length 2 mm. Blue black, the apex of the scutellum yellow, the 
basal two segments of the abdomen red; the face is rather closely and distinctly 
punctate, the thorax reticulately sculptured, the scutellum smooth, shining; anten- 
ne brown black, the scape yellowish; legs blue black except as follows: The front 
legs, except the coxee basally, the sutures between the trochanters and femora of 
middle and hind legs, and the tibie and tarsi, are pale yellowish-white, the hind 
tarsi appear fuscous from the pubescence ;_ the hairs on the hind tibie are arranged 
in two longitudinal rows, the inne row, however, being intersected by a short, cross 
hair line, forming two long areas. Wings hyaline, the veins brown. 

Brazil: Chapada. One specimen. 


Famity LXXI. EULOPHID. 


SupraMILy I. EnrEponin”. 


Tripe 1. Tetracampini. 


No species belonging to this tribe are yet known from South America. 


5OA MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Tre Il. Omphalini. 
Genus OMPHALE Haliday. 


OMPHALE BRASILIENSIS, sp. nov. 

Female.—Length 2 mm. Blue, the thorax with an eneous tinge; a dot on the 
front and middle knees, the extreme apex of all tibisze and the tarsi, except the last 
joint, pale yellowish-white ; mandibles pale; antennze brown black, pubescent, the 
scape yellowish. Wings hyaline, bare or nearly, the veins pale, the postmarginal 
vein hardly developed, shorter than the very short stigmal vein. The abdomen is 
conically pointed, subcompressed beneath at base, and a little longer than the head 
and thorax united. 

Brazil : Chapada, in April ; Corumba, in May. 

This species is allied to O. nigrocyanea Ashm. described from Grenada, W. I. 


Genus CLOSTEROCERUS Westwood. 
CLOSTEROCERUS CERCIUS Walker. 
Closterocerus cercius Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1848, p. 31, @. 
Entedon cercius Walker, List. Chale. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 62.— Spinola, Gay : 
Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 435, 2.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, 
p. 04. 


Chile : Conception. 
CLOSTEROCERUS PELOR Walker. 


Closterocerus pelor Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1843, p. 185, 3. 

Entedon pelor Walker, List. Chale. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p..62— Spinola, Gay : 
Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 436, o'— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
1898, p. 42. 


Chile: Isle of Chonos. 
CLOSTEROCERUS XENODICE Walker. 


Closterocerus xenodice Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1843, p. 273, Qo. 
Yntedon xenodice Walker, Uist. Chale. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 62.—Spinola, Gay : 
Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 486, 9o¢.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
1898, p. 45. 
Chile: Valdivia. 
Tripe IIL. Entedonini. 
UROENTEDON Ashmead, gen. noy. 
This genus is based upon one of the most striking yet discovered in the sub- 
family Entedonine. It is easily recognized by the long, compressed abdomen which 
terminates in a long ovipositor, and has the hypopygium prominent, acutely plow- 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 505 


share-shaped ; by the very long, ten-jointed antenns, with two ring-joints, the funi- 
cle joints being globosely swollen towards base, with whorls of long hairs somewhat 
as in the males in the genera Hoplocrepis and Lophocomus ; and by the wings, which 
are fringed, the marginal vein being very long, the stigmal vein short, while the 
post-marginal vein is long. ‘The male is unknown. 


UROENTEDON VERTICELLATUS, sp. noy. 
(Plate XXXVIIL, Fig. 4.) 

Female. — Length 3 mm. ; ovipositor as long as the abdomen. Highly polished, 
impunctate, the head, the prothorax beneath and the legs, honey yellow, the face 
with a greenish metallic luster ; antenne black, except the long slender scape which 
is yellowish at its basal half; thorax bottle blue, the axille faintly testaceous 
towards the sutures anteriorly at the sides, the scutellum and the mesopleur: 
ceneous black; abdomen black, the tip «neous, the extreme base bluish. Wings 
hyaline, fringed, the veins yellowish. 

Brazil: Chapada, in September. One specimen. 


Genus HOPLOCREPIS Ashmead. 
HOPLOCREPIS BIFASCIATA, sp. noy. 
(Plate XXXVIIL., Fig. 5.) 

Male. — Length 1.7 mm. neous black, the occiput, the metathorax, the petiole 
of abdomen and the legs mostly testaceous, the trochanters, the extreme base of the 
femora and the tarsi pale yellowish, the femora and tibize brown, the hind tibiz, 
except at base and tips, black; the lateral lobes of the mesonotum are brownish ; 
while the body of the abdomen is small, spatulate, black. 

The tenjointed antenne are black with the scape and pedicel yellowish ; the 
joints of the funicle are long, nodose-pedicillate, with whorls of long hairs, the 
first, second and third joints with a short branch above. Wings hyaline, the front 
wings with two transverse fuscous bands, the first band very narrow, situated a little 
before the basal third, the other broad, extending across the wing from the apical 
middle of the marginal vein and enclosing the stigmal vein. 

Brazil: Chapada. One specimen. 

Differs from all other males in this genus by having short branches on funicle 


joints one, two and three. 
HOPLOCREPIS BRASILIENSIS, sp. nov. 


Female. — Length 1.6 mm. Brownish-yellow with the collar anteriorly, the 
mesopleura, the metanotum, the petiole and the body of abdomen above, fuscous or 
brownish-black. ‘The antenne are black with the scape yellowish ; legs flavo-tes- 


506 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


taceous, the hind femora medially and the hind tarsi fuscous. Wings banded as in 
H. bifasciata. 
Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


EULOPHOPTERYX Ashmead, gen. noy. 


This genus comes nearest to Lophocomus Haliday, agreeing with it in all charac- 
ters except the antenne. The antenne are ten-jointed, as in Lophocomus, but the 
joints of the funicle are longer than thick, cylindrical, loosely joined, not pedicellate 
nor compressed, with the club black or brown black, not white. In Lophocomus the 
funicle joints are distinctly although briefly pedicellate, compressed, two or three 
wider than long, while the club is white or yellowish-white. 


EULOPHOPTERYX CHAPADZ, Sp. noy. 


(Plate XXXVIIL, Fig. 6.) 

Female.—Length 1.5 mm; robust, neous black, impunctate, except the pro- 
notum, which is distinctly punctured ; the scape, the pedicel and the legs, except as 
hereafter noted, are honey yellow; flagellum brown black, the front and middle 
femora and the base of their tarsi are metallic brown. The front wings are hyaline, 
with a subfuscous cloud on the disk, the veins yellowish. ‘The abdomen is broadly 
oval, petiolate, not longer than the thorax, above depressed, beneath subconvex. 

Brazil: Chapada, in August. One specimen. 


Genus LOPHOCOMUS Haliday. 


LopHocomMus ANAITIS (Walker). 

Cirrospilus anaitis Walker, Monogr. Chalc., II.,.1839, p. 91, 9. 

Lophocomus anaitis Haliday, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, IIT., 1843, p. 297.—Spinola, 
Gay : Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 432, 9.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V., 1898, p--70. 

Bellerus anaitis Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1843, p. 32, #'.— Spinola 
Gay : Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 429, #'.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V., 1898, p. 26. 

Chile : Conception ; Isle of Chiloe.: 


LOPHOCOMUS CYANEUS, sp. nov. 
Female.— Length 1.6 mm. Dark blue, with seneous reflections, the middle lobe 
of the mesonotum and the inner margins of the lateral lobes, neous; antenne, except 
the club, which is yellowish-white, black: legs honey yellow, with the hind tibize 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 507 


fuscous, the hind cox and trochanters somewhat whitish ; abdomen beneath rufo- 
piceous. Wings subhyaline with a large subfuscous discoidal cloud. 
Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


Genus HORISMENUS Walker. 
HORISMENUS CLEODORA Walker. 
Horismenus cleodora Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1843, p. 31, 9. 
Entedon cleodora Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 66.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 35. 
Peru: Lima. 
TABLE OF NEW SPECIES. 
LPR KE EeTELEG fil ym ceNCE EIS MD) Ces OD OL) retsr sta) <sc/e/>. si cise ee) ele) eis! o slalsfaca/s/s) dremel sisi etsls ris y svateis am sienee aie netemtn Oe 
Species mostly metallic green or at least above. 
Prothorax at the sides, the mesopleura and the coxze blue, rest of legs and the scape pale yel- 
lowish ; metanotum long with two opaque sulci............ 0.0... 00 cece ee eee es HM. bisuleus. 
PSO ECIER STS Via ILE Ciera eetetetate teens ayrus lecieinia ts sce sla) e1c) s:e\\cis/csie © sr01's'ssiaie/o\'s wala eie/siefa ci stoyeial sts wivicolnete Reais stse 
Species mostly zeneous black. 
Metanotum brassy ; scape, pronotum anteriorly, pleurs and legs, except as noted, dark blue ; tips 
of femora, the tibise and tarsi, except last joint, yellowish-white ............. H. brasiliensis. 
Metanotum not brassy ; head in front; the axillze and a spot on upper margin of the mesopleura 
metallic greenish ; scape and legs, except coxee, honey yellow, a spot on knees, tips of tibiz 
and the tarsi yellowish-white ; abdomen conically pointed, a little longer than the head and 
ILD Ye SeALETULOE reve teNtte hele sere istats,sicietetaret ome xaers(olatcver sje loners oisjor sia'e, ale cree wee elete wielieietase Joie mab CORUMSD SE 
8. Scape and legs, except cox and parts hereafter noted, honey yellow, the femora dusky basally, the 
knees, tips of tibize and the tarsi, whitish ; scutellum with an seneous tinge...........H. persimilis. 
Scape and legs, except cox, honey yellow, the tarsi whitish ; frons, the dorsum of pronotum and the 
disk? Of; Ge: MESON LUM asco COUR A, plone scat cholera dave wel Sls lente ai ag oars weirnin, del pointe nial s MORCOUAB, 
HORISMENUS BISULCUS, Sp. nov. 

Female—Length 2.4 mm.; above metallic greenish, the prothorax at the 
sides, the mesopleura and the coxie blue, the abdomen black; the scape of the 
antenne, except at apex, and the legs, except coxze, are pale yellowish or yellow- 
ish-white. The head and the thorax, except the metanotum, are mostly scaly 
punctate or punctate, the metanotum being smooth and shining, with two 
broad longitudinal sulci, extending from base to apex. Wings hyaline, the veins 
pale yellowish. The abdomen is shorter than the thorax, short ovate, the ter- 
minal segments retracted within the large second segment which occupies most of 
the whole surface ; the petiole is opaque, furrowed and a little longer than thick. 


Brazil: Chapada, in April. 


HORISMENUS BRASILIENSIS, Sp. noy. 
Female-—Length 1.6 mm.; eneous black, with a bluish tinge on the parapsidis 
and at the sides of the thorax, the metathorax being brassy ; the legs, except the 


508 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


coxee, the femora and the last joint of the tarsi, are yellowish-white, the cox, the 
femora except at apex and the abdomen, are dark blue, the last joint of the tarsi 
being black or brown. The metanotum is smooth, with two longitudinal sulci. 
The abdomen is ovate, not longer than the thorax, the second segment occupying 
hardly half its whole surface, the following segments short, nearly equal. 

Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, in August. 


HOoRISMENUS CORUMB4, sp. nov. 

Female —Length 2 mm. Eneous black, the thorax smooth except the middle 
mesothoracic lobe; the legs, except the coxze, are honey yellow, with the knees, tips 
of tibee and the tarsi yellowish white. The abdomen is conically pointed, a little 
longer than the head and thorax united, the second segment being very long, occu- 
pying two thirds the whole surface. 

Brazil : Corumba, in February. 


HORISMENUS PERSIMILIS, Sp. nov. 

Female.—Length about 0.9 mm. Mostly blue, the seutellum with a decided 
eeneous tinge ; flagellum brown black, pubescent ; scape and legs, except as hereafter 
noted, honey yellow, the knees, tips of tibize and the tarsi whitish. The abdomen 
is ovate, not longer than the thorax, the second segment occupying more than half 
the whole surface. 

Brazil: Chapada, in April. 


HORISMENUS ZENEICOLLIS, sp. nov. 

Female.—Length 1.6 mm. Mostly blue, the pronotum above and the metanotum 
zeneous or metallic greenish, the scape of the antennze and the legs, except the coxe, 
honey yellow. The abdomen is ovate, a little longer than the thorax, the second 
segment occupying hardly half the whole surface. 


Brazil : Santarem. 
PELOROTELUS Ashmead, gen. noy. 


Allied to Pleurotropis Forster, but easily separated by the absence of the lateral 
metathoracic carinee, by the metathorax being produced into a long neck at apex 
and by the abdomen, which is very lengthy-petiolated, the petiole being about as 
long as the hind femora. 

The head is very wide, sublenticular, seen from in front wider than long, the 
occiput concave ; the antenne are ten-jointed, with one ring-joint, the scape clavate, 
the pedicel obconical, not much longer than wide at apex, the funicle joints oblong, 
about thrice as long as thick, briefly pedunculate at apex, clothed with rather long 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 509 


hairs; the front wings have the marginal vein long, the stigmal vein short, the post- 
marginal vein not developed ; otherwise it is similar to Plewrotropis. 


PELOROTELUS CCERULENS, sp. noy. 

Male.—Length 1.8mm. Dark blue, the head and thorax reticulately punctured- 
the middle mesothoracie lobe and the lateral ridges of the metanotum with a metal, 
lic greenish tinge; a spot on the knees, extreme apices of tibize and the tarsi are 
yellowish-white ; mandibles testaceous. The antenne are rather long, ten-jointed, 
the scape elongate, the funicle four-jointed, the joints rather long, loosely joined, with 
sparse, moderately long hairs, the last joint being fully thrice as long as thick at 
the middle, the club three-jointed, longer than the first joint of the funicle, the last 
joint being represented by a little spur. The abdomen is clavate, the petiole, which is 
attached to the long neck of the metathorax, very long, shagreened, the body smooth 
and polished. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. 

Brazil: Santarem, in April. One specimen. 


Genus ENTEDON Dalman. 
ENTEDON ANTANDER Walker. 
Entedon antander Walker, Monogr. Chale., II.; 1839, p. 70, @.— Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 33. 
Brazil: Bahia. 


ENTEDON BADIUS Walker. 
Entedon badius Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1848, p. 115, o.—Spinola, 
Gay : Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 433.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
1898, p. 34. 


Chile : Valparaiso. 
ENTEDON EMPERAMUS Walker. 


Entedon emperamus Walker, Monogr. Chale.. II., 1839, p. 70, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 36. 
Brazil : Bahia. 


ENTEDON FLACILLA Walker. 
Entedon flacilla Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 18438, p. 115, o.—Spinola, 
Gay : Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 434.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
1898, p. 37. 


Chile: Valparaiso. 
ENTEDON HEGELOCHUS Walker. 


Entedon hegelochus Walker, Monogr. Chale., II., 1839, p. 70, #.—Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym.,-V., 1898, p. 38. 
Brazil : Bahia, 


510 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


ENTEDON THESTIS Walker. 
Cirrospilus thestis Walker, Monogr. Chale., IL, 1839, p. 74, 9. 
Entedon thestis Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 67.— Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 44. 


Brazil: Bahia. 
ENTEDON UFENS Walker. 


Entedon ufens Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1843, p. 184, 9. — Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 45. 
Entedon rifens Spinola, Gay : Hist.de Chile, Zool., V1., 1851, p. 433, 9. 


Chile: Isle of Chonos. 
Genus DEROSTENUS Westwood. 


DEROSTENUS ALCESTAS Walker. 
Derostenus alcestas Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1843, p. 31, 3%. 
Entedon alcestas Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 137.— Spinola, Gay : 
Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 437, %.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
1898, p. 32. 


Chile : Conception. 
TriBe IV. Pediobrini. 


PARACRIAS Ashmead, gen. nov. 

A genus allied to Acrias Walker. Form short and robust, the thorax coarsely 
reticulately sculptured, the head highly polished, impunctate in front. 

The head is very wide, lenticular, wider than the thorax and very thin antero- 
posteriorly, the occiput concave ; the eyes are large, ovate, the malar space short but 
distinct ; the antennz are nine-jointed, with a ring-joint, the funicle four-jointed, 
the joints oblong oval, briefly peduncled, hairy, the club two-jointed, the last joint 
represented by a spur; the thorax is shaped as in Hntedon but without parapsidal 
furrows, the metathorax being produced into aneck at apex, with a delicate median 
carina; the abdomen is ovate or conic-ovate, distinctly petiolate, the second seg- 
ment (first body segment) being very long, occupying most of the surface, the fol- 
lowing segments very short, apparently capable of being retracted. 


PARACRIAS LATICEPS, Sp. nov. 
(Plate XXXIX., Fig. 1.) 

Female.—Length 1.6-1.8 mm. A®neous black, the thorax with a greenish tinge 
above, and coarsely reticulately sculptured, the coxze and legs bluish, the trochan- 
ters, a spot on the knees, the extreme apex of tibix, and the tarsi yellowish-white. 
Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish, the postmarginal vein hardly developed, the 
stigmal vein very short, its knob subsessile. The metathorax is contracted into a 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES Oe 


neck at apex and punctate. The abdomen is petiolate, the body in one specimen is 
conic-ovate, pointed at apex, in another specimen short oval, the terminal segments 
in the latter evidently being retracted within the very large second segment which 
occupies nearly the whole surface of the abdomen. 

Brazil : Chapada, in August and September. 


URODEROSTENUS Ashmead, gen. nov. 

This genus is based upon a species from St. Vincent, W. I., and is easily recog- 
nized by the strongly exserted ovipositor and by the wings having a long marginal 
fringe, as in some Mymarids. 

AMETALLON Ashmead, gen. noy. 

This genus comes very close to Chrysonotomyia Ashmead, but is easily recognized 
by its non-metallic color, and by the very short stigmal vein. The antennz are nine- 
jointed, with one ring-joint, the flagellum being filiform, tapering off towards apex, 
clothed with sparse hairs, the funicle being three-jointed. The abdomen is long, 


conic-oyate. 
AMETALLON CHAPADZ, sp. nov. 


Female.— Length 1.4 mm. Honey yellow, the abdomen mostly of a brownish- 
yellow, with a transverse fuscous band a little before the middle; eyes brown ; 
antenne filiform, the flagellum tapering off to a point at apex, with long, 
sparse hairs. Wings hyaline, fringed, the veins yellowish, the marginal vein 
very long, fully twice the length of the submarginal, the stigmal vein short but 
with its knob petiolate, and longer than the postmarginal. The abdomen is conic- 
ovate, a little longer than the head and thorax united and ends in a short ovipositor. 

Brazil: Chapada, in April. Two specimens. 


SupraMiLy I]. APHELININA. 
Genus ASPIDIOTIPHAGUS Howard. 
ASPIDIOTIPHAGUS CITRINUS (Craw). 
Coccophagus citrinus Craw, Destructive Insects, Sacramento, Cal., 1891. 
Aspidiotiphagus citrinus Howard, Insect Life, Vol. VI., 1891, p. 234.—Howard, 
Lechn. Series, No. 1, U. S. Dept. Agric., p. 31, f. 10.—Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V.,.1898, p. 224. 
Brazil: Bahia, March, 1883 (Albert Koebele). 


SuspraMiLy II]. Trrrasticuin%. 
Tripe |. Ceratonewrini. 
This tribe is at present known only from Mexico and the West Indies, but rep- 


resentatives will undoubtedly be discovered in South America, 


512 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


TriBE II. Tetrastichini. 
Genus TRICHOPORUS Forster. 
TRICHOPORUS COLLIGUAYA (Philippi). 
Exurus colliguaya Philippi, Stettin. ent. Zeitg., XX XIV., 1873, p. 296; T. 1.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 159. 


Chile. 
TRICHOPORUS MELLEUS, Sp. nov. . 


Female.—Length 1.8 mm. Honey yellow, punctate, the eyes brown, the abdo- 
men with a blackish spot on each side near the middle, the scape and legs pale yel- 
lowish ; flagellum long, filiform, hairy ; wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. 
The abdomen is cylindrical, pointed at apex and as long as the head and thorax 
united. 

Male. — Length 1.4 mm. Agrees in color with the female except that the 
blackish spots near the middle of the abdomen unite and form a transverse band, 
while the veins in the front wings are brownish. The flagellum is long and the 
hairs are much longer than in the female. 

Brazil: Santarem ; Chapada. 

TRICHOPORUS VIRIDICYANEUS, Sp. nov. 

Female.— Length 2-2.6 mm. Metallic bluish-green to blue, punctate; scape, 
trochanters, apices of all femora, and all tibize and tarsi, except the last joint, pale 
yellowish ; flagellum brownish-yellow, pubescent; wings hyaline, the veins yel- 
lowish. The abdomen is long, cylindrical, twice as long as the thorax, pubescent, 
the first and second body segments about equal, shorter than the third, the first 
segment longer than the third, the sixth and seventh short, the seventh conical. 

Male. — Length 1.4-1.5 mm. Agrees well with the female, except in the usual 
sexual differences and in a slight difference in the color of the antennz and legs: 
The flagellum is darker with longer hairs and with only one ring-joint, while the 
front and middle femora are dusky only at base. The abdomen is cylindrical, a 
little longer than the head and thorax united. 

Brazil: Chapada, in April. Fourteen females, six male specimens. 

TRICHOPORUS PERSIMILIS, sp. nov. 

Female.—Length 2.8 mm. Metallic brown black, punctate, the abdomen brown 
beneath ; flagellum brown, hairy ; scape, pedicel and legs, including the coxe, honey 
yellow, the femora more or less dusky or brownish, especially basally ; otherwise it 
is very similar to 7. viridicyaneus except that the first body segment of the abdomen 
is twice the length of the second. 


Brazil: Chapada, in April. ‘Two specimens. 


ASHMEBAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 5138 


Genus TETRASTICHUS Haliday. 
TETRASTICHUS ARCHIDEUS (Walker). 
Cirrospilus archideus Walker, Monogr. Chalc., II., 1839, p. 75, 9. 
Tetrastichus archideus Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 81. 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 10. 
Brazil: Bahia. 


Dalla Torre, 


TETRASTICHUS ATHENAIS (Walker). 
Cirrospilus athenais Walker, Monogr. Chalc., I1., 1839, p. 72, 9. 
Tetrastichus athenais Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 80. 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 10. 
Brazil: Bahia. 


Dalla Torre, 


TETRASTICHUS CACUS (Walker). 
Cirrospilus cacus Walker, Monogr. Chalce., II., 1839, p. 75, &. 
Tetrastichus cacus Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 80.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 12. 


Brazil: Bahia. 
TETRASTICHUS CLEONICA (Walker). 


Cirrospilus cleonica Walker, Monogr. Chale., II., 1839, p. 69, &. 
Tetrastichus cleonica Walker, List. Chale. Brit. Museum, I., 1896, p. 81.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 12. 
Brazil: Bahia. 


TETRASTICHUS DAIMACHUS (Walker). 
Cirrospilus daimachus Walker, Monogr. Chale., II., 1839, p. 75, °. 
Tetrastichus daimachus Walker, List. Chale. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 80.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 13. 
Brazil: Bahia. 


TETRASTICHUS DEILOCHUs (Walker). 
Cirrospilus deilochus Walker, Monogr. Chale., IL., 1839, p. 74, 9. 
Tetrastichus deilochus Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I. 1846, p. 81.—Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 13. 


Brazil : Bahia. 
TETRASTICHUS FEBRUUS (Walker). 


Cirrospilus februus Walker, Monogr. Chale., II., 1839, p. 73, @. 
Tetrastichus februus Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 80.— Dalla 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 15. 


Brazil: Bahia. ; 
TETRASTICHUS NARCEHUS Walker. 


Tetrastichus narceus Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI, 1843, p. 188, 2. — 
Spinola, Gay: Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 427, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 19. 

Chile : Coquimbo. 


514 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


TETRASTICHUS NAUCLES Walker. 
Tetrastichus naucles Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1848, p. 32, 9. — Spinola, 
Gay: Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 425, Q.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V.; 1898,.p. 12: 


Chile : Conception. 
TETRASTICHUS NORAX Walker. 


Testrastichus norax Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1843, p. 32, 9.— Spinola, 
Gay : Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 425, 2. — Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V., 1898, p: 19: 


Chile : Conception. 
TETRASTICHUS PHRYNO (Walker). 


Cirrospilus phryno Walker, Monogr. Chalec., IT., 1839, p. 90, 9.—Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 83. 
Brazil: Bahia. 


TETRASTICHUS POLYBHA Walker. 
Tetrastichus polybea Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1848, p. 116, 9o¢°.—Spi- 
nola, Gay : Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 426, Q2¢.—Dalla Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V., 1898, p. 21. 


Chile : Valparaiso. 
TETRASTICHUS SCADIUS Walker. 


Tetrastichus scadius Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1843, p. 116, 9.—Spinola, 
Gay: Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI, 1851, p. 424, 9.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V., 1898, p. 22. 


Chile: Valparaiso. 
TETRASTICHUS VALERUS (Walker). 


Cirrospilus valerus Walker, Monogr. Chale., II., 1839, p. 72, 9. 
Tetrastichus valerus Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 79.—Dalla Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 24. 


Brazil: Bahia. 
TETRASTICHUS XENOCLES (Walker). 


Cirrospilus wenocles Walker, Monogr. Chalc., II., 1839, p. 90, 9. 
Tetrastichus wenocles Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 81.—Spinola, 
Gay: Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 427, 9.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V., 1898, p. 25. 
Chile: Chiloe. 


TABLE OF NEW SPECIES. 
1. Not wholly blue, . wcbdiarais slays: Diets, o tee ere cerehatmysrnete fate esate, auefeteterer caste teria /el.e”s' aie ce tatal ote cate ick ta dettctnte te teee ne Reem! 
Wholly blue, the tarsi navies 
Abdomen conically produced, longer than the thorax..................Z. albitarsis, sp. nov. 
2. Black or blue-black. oie. 0: 0152's yec- sls wiese-ore.0; 5 ahele Sennen ova) ote tote to efiese rorelte Wile aPetcey creigecales ciners ees awe eile al petal atte ea 


ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 515 


ZEneous black, the mesénotum and the scutellum metallic, delicately shagreened ; two rows of punc- 
tures along the parapsidal sutures ; legs, except the cox, yellowish, the femora dusky basally ; abdo- 
men conic-ovate, not longer than the thorax............ eee ee ee cece cree eee l chapade, sp. nov. 

3. Blue-black ; the mesonotum microscopically shagreened ; a single row of punctures along the parapsidal 
furrows ; legs, except coxze, honey-yellow, the femora dusky medially and basally ; abdomen coni- 
cally pointed, longer than the head and thorax united.,..........0.0000065 eee brasiliensis, sp. noy. 

Black ; mesonotum microscopically shagreened ; without a row of punctures along the parapsidal fur_ 
rows; scape and legs, except coxze, honey yellow ; abdomen, seen from above, rounded, shorter than 


the thorax....... De Ae pene felintaes pinot cie/Siere cy ale ialistnietelat rsaehe Gate Atare etme EK eed ERCONGTUUS, SDs NOV. 


TETRASTICHUS ALBITARSIS, sp. noy. 

Female-—Length 1.5 mm. Wholly dark blue, except the parapsides which are 
zeneous, the base of the antennal scape which is honey yellow, and the tarsi 
which are yellowish-white except the last joint. The insect is smooth impunctate, 
except the head which has a few minute punctures on the face; otherwise I can 
detect no distinct sculpture, although under a very high power the thorax above 
appears feebly shagreened. Wings hyaline, the veins brown. Abdomen conic-ovate, 
little longer than the head and thorax united, smooth and shining, depressed above, 
subcarinate beneath towards base. The flagellum is broken off at the pedicel and 
cannot be described in detail. 


Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, in August. One female specimen. 


TETRASTICHUS CHAPAD®, sp. noy. 

Female-—Length 1.8mm. neous black, the mesonotum and scutellum with 
a metallic greenish tinge, shagreened, the head punctate in front; scape, pedicel and 
legs, except coxve, honey-yellow, the femora faintly dusky basally ; flagellum brown, 
pubescent, the first joint of the funicle is the largest, more than twice longer than 
thick. The middle lobe of the mesonotum has two rows of punctures on each 
side, along the parapsidal furrows. ‘The metanotum is punctate and has a distinct 
median carina. The wings are hyaline, the veins yellowish. ‘The abdomen is conic- 
ovate, smooth impunctate and about the length of the thorax, the first body seg- 
ment being the longest. 

Brazil: Chapada, in April. One female specimen. 


TETRASTICHUS BRASILIENSIS, sp. nov. 
(Plate XXXIX., Fig. 2. 

Female. — Length 2 mm. Dark blue black, nearly black, with a faint seneous 
tinge, the head except in the scrobes with thimble-like punctures, the thorax above 
shagreened, the middle lobe of the mesonotum with a single row of punctures 
along the parapsidal furrows ; scape and legs, except cox, honey yellow, the femore 


516 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


more or less dusky medially, the tarsi paler yellowish. Wings hyaline, the veins 
yellowish. Abdomen conically pointed, longer than the head and thorax united, 
depressed above, convex beneath towards base. 


Brazil: Chapada, in January. One female specimen. 


TETRASTICHUS INCONGRUUS, sp. Nov. 

Female.—Length 1.5 mm. Black, the head smooth, shining, except some 
minute punctures, in front near the eyes, the thorax microscopically shagreened, 
without a row of punctures along the parapsidal furrows; scape and legs, except the 
coxe honey-yellow, the femora a little darkened. Wings hyaline, the veins yel- 
lowish. The abdomen, as seen from above, is rounded, as in the genus Syn 

Forster, shorter than the thorax ; beneath it is carinate. 

Brazil: Santarem. One female specimen. 


SuBFAMILY IV. ELACHERTIN#. 


Trise I. Huwplectrini. 
Genus EUPLECTUS Westwood. 
TABLE OF SPECIES. 
1, neous black. 
All coxss yellowish-wh ites. secre cieteerelotwciets opel getay Sevetassiialltelalslovetela(oteietele einen even axanatcuricasteler eat tapeter aes 
Hind coxz black. 
Legs, except the hind coxae and the hind femora, honey yellow, the hind femora brownish 
at the thickened portion. Female...... 2.2.00. 000+ seccssecceessens. brasiliensis, 
2. Legs yellowish-white. 
Antennz wholly pale yellow or with the flagellum wholly brown............... 0.0002 220008 98 
Antennze not wholly pale yellow, the six last joints brown; basal half of abdomen beneath and 
above, testaceous, the apical half black, as well as a streak at sides basally ; clypeus and malar 
Space DlaCK. oar 5 <i. alae lccz'e isle ccie aies ate oie ain lorersse aise fobate ete fol seneustoResele ossielioies stekeetersnai sea eR CON UT aan 
3. Antenne wholly pale yellowish ; scutellum basally purplish ; metallic green apically ; a triangular area 
at base of metanotum connected with a median carina; body of abdomen rufous basally ; clypeus 
reddish); malar'space black. Males ./5).)je aac cacteiers) o)aleyalet = siclaeiela «eel sels ote ole ase alm o]s apse SOLON 
Antennz not wholly pale, the pedicel and flagellum brown; scutellum wholly black ; clypeus and 
cheeks testaceous ; body of abdomen beneath, except just at apex, and above basally, rufous. 


1 Cee a ARO OT OCODCRIGIIG TD Aad 00.n danlpiad acts be SicstaoMeduSDpeacOOe eoude nelle UiaiRiih >: 


EUPLECTRUS BRASILIENSIS, Sp. nov. 


Female. 
sparse hairs ; clypeus honey yellow ; antenne, except faintly toward apex, and the 


Length 1.6 mm. A®neous black, the head and thorax with long, 


legs, except the hind coxee and the hind femora, honey yellow, the hind cox 
black, the hind femora more or less brownish except at base. Wings hyaline, 
pubescent, the tegulee and the veins pale yellowish. The abdomen is black, with a 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES aly 


reddish spot basally both above and beneath, the petiole shagreened. The joints of 
the funicle are long, the last joint being fully thrice as long as thick. 
Brazil: Porto Branca, in April. One specimen. 


EUPLECTRUS CORUMB®, sp. nov. 

Female.— Length 1.5 mm. neous black, the. clypeus black ; first three joints 
of antennze and the legs, including all coxee, pale honey yellow or yellowish-white ; 
rest of antennze brown ; basal half of abdomen beneath and above testaceous ; other- 
wise hardly distinguishable from . brasiliensis, except that the last three joints of 
the funicle are much shorter than in that species, being only a little longer than 
thick. 

Brazil : Corumba, in May. One specimen. 


EUPLECTRUS SOLITARIUS, sp. noy. 

Male— Length 2 mm. A®neous black, the clypeus testaceous ; antenne and 
legs, including coxze, yellowish-white ; body of abdomen rufous at basal half above 
and with a small spot of the same color beneath ; the petiole is more than twice as 
long as thick, shagreened. 

Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, in November. One specimen. 


EUPLECTRUS CHAPAD, Sp. nov. 

Male.— Length 1.6mm. §neous black, the clypeus and the cheeks testaceous ; 
flagellum, including the pedicel brown ; scape of antennz.and the legs, including all 
cox, yellowish-white ; body of abdomen, except apically and a streak along the 
sides, rufous or testaceous. 

Brazil: Chapada, in April. Two specimens (one badly broken). 


Tripe Il. Ophelinani. 
Genus ARDALUS Howard. 
ARDALUS HOWARDII, sp. nov. 

Male. — Length 1.3 mm. Black; the mandibles and the flagellum are testa- 
ceous; the trochanters, base and tips of femora, base of hind tibixe, and rest of the 
legs pale yellowish, the femora, except as noted, and the apical two thirds of the 
hind tibize being brown or brown black. ‘The head is smooth, impunctate, the eyes 
grayish-brown, pubescent, the ocelli red; flagellum filiform, tapering off towards 
apex, the funicle joints loosely joined, the last fully twice longer than thick, the pre- 
ceding joints a little longer. The thorax is rather coarsely rugulose, the metathorax 
polished, with two median carinze and some wrinkles on each side. Wings hyaline, 


518 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


with a faint discal spot beneath the apex of the stigmal vein, the veins pale yel- 
lowish. The abdomen in outline is nearly round, depressed, the petiole long, 
smooth and shining, the first and second body segments occupy half the whole sur- 
face, the second the larger, the following short, about equal. 

Brazil: Chapada, in May. One specimen. Named in honor of Dr. L. O. 


Howard. 
Genus LEUCODESMIA Howard. 


LEUCODESMIA FLAVICEPS, sp. nov. 

Female. — Length 2.3 mm. Head yellow, the eyes brown, pubescent ; thorax 
and abdomen black ; scape and the legs, except coxee and the front femora medially, 
honey yellow, the coxz black, the front femora medially brownish ; flagellum 
brown black, subeompressed, the joints of the funicle loosely joined, the first joint 
the longest, about twice as long as wide, the last joint only a little longer than wide. 
The head is smooth impunctate, except a slight shagreening on the frons above ; 
the thorax is scaly punctate, the metanotum being smooth, with a median carina. 
Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish. The abdomen is ovate, depressed, not longer 
than the thorax. 

Brazil: Chapada, in April. One specimen. 


ELACHERTOMORPHA Ashmead, gen. nov. 
This genus resembles Hlachertus Spinola, and could be easily mistaken for it, 
except that the hind tibize have two apical spurs. From Lewcodesmia Howard, it is 
separated by the antennz being ten-jointed and by having the scutellum grooved. 


ELACHERTOMORPHA FLAVICEPS, Sp. nov. 

Female.—Length 1.5 mm. Head, except the eyes and two converging black 
lines on the scrobes, honey yellow ; thorax and abdomen neous black, the former 
shagreened, with the scutellum rugulose and the metanotum carinate ; scape of an- 
tennze and the legs, except as noted, honey yellow, the middle and hind cox black, 
the front and middle femora basally, more or less dusky, the hind femora medially 
and the apex of the hind tibize brownish. Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish. The 
abdomen is rounded, smooth and shining, shorter than the thorax, with a short 
petiole. 


Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


SYMPIESOMORPHA Ashmead, gen. noy. 
This genus has the general habitus of Sympiesis Forster, with which I at first con- 
fused it, but one may easily distinguish it by the two spurred hind tibize and by the 


: ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 519 


distinct parapsidal furrows. It also resembles Stenomesius Westwood but is easily 


separated by the pubescent eyes, and by the longer and more sessile abdomen. 


SYMPIESOMORPHA BRASILIENSIS, Sp. nov. 

Female-—Length 3 mm. Black; the abdomen is seneous black, with a large 
rufous spot at base both above and beneath ; scape and legs, including the coxe, 
honey yellow, the tips of the coxee and the trochanters whitish ; flagellum black. 
Wings hyaline, the tegule and veins pale yellowish. The head is smooth, with a 
few minute punctures in front; thorax reticulately punctate, clothed with whitish 
hairs, the metanotum with a sharp median carina. The abdomen is ovate, 
depressed, about as long as the head and thorax united. 

Brazil: Chapada, in September. One specimen. 


SYMPIESOMORPHA OBSCURA, sp. nov. 

Female—Length 1.8 mm. Black with a bluish tinge, the head in front and the 
metapleura metallic greenish, the abdomen sneous black, the dorsum with a yel- 
lowish band before the middle, the base before the band being blue, the venter with 
a yellowish spot near the middle; the scape and legs, except the cox and most 
of the femora, are pale yellowish or yellowish-white ; flagellum black. Wings hya- 
line, the veins yellowish. 

Brazil: Corumba. One specimen. 


Genus STENOMESIUS Westwood. 
STENOMESIUS DIMIDIATUS, sp. nov. 
(Plate XXXIX., Fig. 3.) 

Female-—Length 2.1 mm. Flavo-testaceous, the head in front below pale yel- 
lowish, the scutellum subfuscous, the metathorax and apical half of the abdomen 
black ; scape and legs, including the cox, pale yellowish; wings hyaline, the front 
pair with a fuscous spot from the apex of the stigmal vein. The head is smooth, 
the thorax, and especially the middle mesothoracic lobe, is rugulose, the scutellum 
coriaceous, the furrows with large punctures; the metanotum has a sharp median 
carina and is transversely regulose on each side. The abdomen is ovate, smooth and 
polished, except the petiole, which is finely rugulose. 

Brazil: Chapada. One specimen. 


ALOPHUS Ashmead, gen. noy. 
This genus falls in between Diglyphomorpha Ashm. and Sympiesis Forst.; it comes 
nearest to the first mentioned but differs in not being metallic, by having ten-jointed 


520 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


antenne, and by having only two dorsal grooved lines on the seutellum. In Sym- 
piesis the antennze are ten-jointed, but it is metallic and the scutellum is without 


dorsal grooved lines. 
ALOPHUS BRASILIENSIS, sp. nov. 


Length 2.8-3 mm. Honey yellow, the eyes brown, the flagellum 
and the apex of the abdomen aboye, black, the legs yellowish, the tarsi whitish, the 
apical half or more of hind tibize sometimes fuscous. Wings hyaline, with a fuscous 
cloud beneath the stigmal vein. 


Female. 


The abdomen is long, conical, depressed above, convex beneath, usually consider- 
ably longer than the head and thorax united, black or blackish at apex above. 

Male-—Length 2 mm. Head, except the clypeus, the lower part of the cheeks 
and the mouth parts, black, the thorax honey yellow, with the disk of the scu- 
tellum, the mesopleura and the metathorax black ; flagellum light brown ; scape and 
the legs pale yellowish. ‘The abdomen is oblong, briefly petiolate, depressed, about 
the length of the thorax, the basal part of the dorsum yellowish. 

Brazil: Chapada, in April; Rio de Janeiro, in September. 


Tree III. EHlachertine. 
Genus ELACHERTUS Spinola. 


ELACHERTUS CATTA (Walker). 
Eulophus catta Walker, Monogr. Chale., I., 1839, p. 71, 9. 
Klachestus catta Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 69. 
Elachistus catta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 77. 


Brazil: Bahia. 
ELACHERTUS GYES (Walker). 


Kulophus gyes Walker, Monogr. Chalc., II., 1839, p. 89, %. 
Elachestus gyes Walker, List Chale. Brit. Museum, I,, 1846, p. 69. 
Elachistus gyes Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 78. 
Chile: Isle of Chiloe. 
SUBFAMILY V. EuULOPHIN#. 
TrrpeE I. Hulophini. 
Genus SYMPIESIS Forster. 
Genus EULOPHUS Geoffroy. 
EULOPHUS? LAONOME Walker. 
Kulophus laonome Walker, Monogr. Chale., II., 1839, p. 90, 9.—Spinola, Gay : 
Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 481, 9.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
1898, p. 62. 
Chile: Isle of Chiloe, 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 521 


EULOPHUS RHIANUS Walker. 
Eulophus rhianus Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 116, 9.— Spinola, 
Gay : Hist. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 480, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
¥., 1898,.p. 67. 
Chile: Valparaiso. 
Famity LXXII. TRICHOGRAMMID/. 
Genus PENTARTHRON Riley. 
PENTARTHRON BRASILIENSIS, sp. DOY. 

Female.—Length 0.4 mm. Head and thorax above uniformly honey-yellow, 
the temples, cheeks, mouth parts, sides of thorax and the abdomen beneath yellow- 
ish-white, the eyes brown; the antenne, except the club which is dusky, and the 
legs are very pale or yellowish-white ; the pedicel is hardly longer than thick, much 
shorter than the first joint of the funicle which is conical and more than twice 
olnger than thick at apex, the second funicle joint being small, annular, the club 
large, fusiform, as long as the scape. The wings are hyaline, with a long marginal 
fringe, the front wings with the pubescence arranged in eight hair lines. 

Type.—Cat. No. 6596, U.S. N. M. 

Brazil: Bahia. Taken on cotton, March, 1883, by Mr. Albert Koebele. 


Famity LXXITI. MYMARIDZE. 
SupraMity I. GonArTocERIN”. 
I have seen no representative of this subfamily from South America, although 
it must be well represented by many species in several genera. 


Supramity I]. MYMARIN A. 
Genus POLYNEMA Haliday. 
POLYNEMA BRASILIENSIS, sp. nov. 

Female.—Length 1 mm.; ovipositor about one third the length of the abdomen. 
Polished black; antennze brownish-fuscous, with the scape, pedicel, first joint of 
funicle, the apex of the fourth and base of fifth funicle joints, yellow ; the legs 
except as noted, and the abdominal petiole pale yellow, the hind femora toward 
apex and the apical two fifths of the hind tibiee, dusky or fuscous. 

Brazil: Chapada, in April. One specimen. 

POLYNEMA RUFESCENS, sp. nov. 

Male.—Length 0.8mm. Reddish-brown, the eyes and the flagellum brown 
black ; scape, pedicel and legs, except the hind tibiee which are fuscous, honey yel- 
low; the abdomen towards the apex is tinged with fuscous. 

Type.—Cat. No. 6595 U.S. N. M. 

Brazil: Pernambuco, February, 1883 (Mr. A. Koebele). 


LITERATURE AND ABBREVIATIONS... 


Act. Ac. Germ. — Nova Acta Academie Caersaree Leopoldino-Caroline Nature Curiosorum 
(Erlangen, Breslau, Bonn, and Jena, 1818 ef seq). [Called also Verhandlungen der Konig- 
liche Leopoldino Carolinae deutschen Akademie der natur forscher. ] 

Act. Soc. Espan. — Actas de la sociadad espandle de historia naturel. Madrid. 8vo. 

Am. Ent. — The American Entomologist: an illustrated magazine of popular and practical ento- 
mology. Edited by Benj. D. Walsh and Charles V. Riley. St. Louis, Mo., 1868 et seq. 

Am. Nat. — American Naturalist. 8vo. 

An. Mus. Buenos Aires. 

André (Edm.). 

André (Ernest). 

André’s Hym. Eur. — Species des Hyménoptéres d’ Europe et d’ Algérie enrichi de plancher colorées 
donnant d’apres natur, outre un ou pleusiéurs specimens des insectes de chaque genre, de nom- 


Anales del Museo national de Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires. 4to. 


breux dessins au trait des caracteres utiles A V’intelligence du text ; Rédigé d’aprés les princi- 
pales collections les mémoires les plus récent des auteurs et les communications des entomolo- 
gistes specialistes. Par Ed. André. 8vo. Paris. 

Ann. Hofmus. Wien. — Annalen des k. k. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. Wien. 8vo. I., 1866 
et seq. 

Ann. Mag. N. H.— Annals and Magazine of Natural History. London, 1841 et seq. 

Ann. Mus. Belg. — Annales du Musée royal des Sciences naturelle de Belgiques. Bruxelles. 4to. 

Ann. Mus. Genova. — Annali del Miiseo civico di storia Naturale di Genova. Genova. 8vo. 

Ann. mus. hist. natur.— Annales du museum d’histoire naturelle, par les professeurs de cet étab- 
lissement. Tome dix-septiéme. Paris. 1811. 

Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist.— Annales du Museum d’Histoire naturelle. Paris, 1802-1813. 20 vols. 

Ann. Mus. Zool. NapoliimAnnuaria Museo Napoli. 

Ann. Nat. Hist.—Annals of Natural History. London. 5 vols. 1838-1840. 

Ann. Soe. nat. Modena. 

Ann. Soe. ent. Belg.— Annales de la Société entomologique de Belgique. Bruxelles. 8vo, I, 
1857 et seq. 


Ann. Sco. ent. Fr.— Annales de la Société entomologique de France. Paris, 1832 et seq. 

Ann. Se. nat. Zool. (3), V., 1846. : 

Anz. Ak. Wiss.— Anzeiger der kaiserlicher Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch naturwis- 
schaftliche classe. Wien. 8vo. 

Arch. Java.—Suikerind. 1896 et seq. 

Arch. Ver. Mecklen.— Archiy des Vereins der Freunde der naturgeschichte in Mecklenburg, 
Giistrow. 8vo. 

Archiv fiir Naturg.— Archiy fiir Naturgeschichte. Berlin. 8vo, I.—XLII., 1835-76. 

Ashm.— Ashmead (William H.). (See Serials.) 

Ashm. Bull. No. 1, Col. Biol. Assoe.— Ashmead (Wm. H.), Bulletin No. 1 of the Colorado Bio- 
logical Association. Washington, D.C., 1890. 

Ashm. Fn. Hawaiiensis.— Fauna Hawaiiensis (Hymenoptera Parasitica), Vol. 1, Pt. 3. 1901. 

522 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES Doe 


Ashm. Orange Ins.— Orange Insects: A Treatise on the Injurious and Beneficial Insects found 
on Orange Trees in Florida. Jacksonville, Fla. 1880. 

Atti Ace. Torino. — Atti della Royal Accademia delle Scienze di Torino. Torino. 8yo. 

Auriv.— Aurivellius (Ch.) (see Serials), Ent. Tidskr. 


Beckstein (Johann Matthias) & Scharfenberg (G. L.), Naturg.—Vollstiindige Naturgeschichte aller 
Shiidlichen Forstinsekten, ete. Leipzig, 1804-5, 

Beitr.— Beitriige zar Monographie der Pteromalinen von A. Forster, Aix-la-~Chapelle, 4to. 1841. 

Bericht. Naturf. Niirnb.—Amtlicher Berichte der Versammlung der Naturforscher zu Niirnberg. 
Niirnberg. 

Bericht. Ver. Harz.— Berichte des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins des Harzes. Wernigerode, 
1840 et seq. 

Berl. ent. Zeit— Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift herausgegeben von dem entomologischen 
Verein in Berlin. Berlin. 8vo, I., 1857 et seq. 

Biol. Centr.-Amer.— Biologia Centrali-Americana. Hymenoptera, I., 1883-1899. London. 4to. 

Blanch.— Blanchard (Emile). 

Bohm.— Boheman (Carl H.). 

Bost. Journ. N. H.— Boston Journal of Natural History. 8vo, I., 1856 et seq. 

Bouché, Naturg.— Bouché (P. F.). Naturgeschichte der Insecten, besonders in Hinsicht ihrer 
ersten Zustiinde als Larven und Puppen. Berlin, 1834. 

Bréb.— Brébisson, or De Brébisson, Encyclopédie méthodique. Insect, X., 1825. 

Bridgm.— Bridgman (John B.). (See Serials.) 

Brischke.— Brischke (C. G.). (See Serials.) 

Brit. Ent.— British Entomology. London. 16 vols. 1823-1840. 

Brullé, Hym.— Brullé (A.). Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, par M. le Comte Amédée Lepeletier 
de Saint-Fargeau. Hyménoptéres, par M. Aug. Brullé. 4 vols. Paris, 1837-1846. 

Briinnich (Martin Throne), Prodr. insectol. Siaelland, 1761,— Prodromus _insectologize Sieellan- 
dice. Dissert. resp. Urb. Brunn Aascow, Hafnise, 1761, 8vo. 

Bull. Ac. Belgique.—Bulletins de l’Academie royal des Sciences, des Lettres, et des Beaux-Arts 
de Belgique. Bruxelles. 8vo, I., 1852 et seq. 

3ull. acead. natural. Napoli, 1863. 

Bull. comm. agrar. Parma, IIT., 1870. 

Bull. Labr. Iowa.—Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of 
Towa. Iowa City. 8vo. 

Bull. N. Mex. Stat——New Mexico College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. Agricultural 
Experiment Station. Las Cruces. 8vo. 

Bull. No. 2, Fla. Agric. College—Bulletin No. 2 of the Experiment Station of Florida at the 
State Agricultural College, Lake City, Florida, 1888. 

Bull. No. 1, Kans. Agric. College.—Bulletin No. 1. Kansas Agricultural College. Manhattan, 
Kansas, 1888. 

Bull. Ohio Exper. Sta—Bulletin Ohio Experiment Station. No. 3. 

Bull. (Techn. Series) U. S. Dept. Agric.—Bull. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Technical 
Series, No. 1 et seq. 

Bull. Michigan State Agric. College.—Bulletin Michigan State Agricultural College, No. 73. 

Bull. Soc. ent. France.—Bulletin des Séance et Bulletin bibliographique de la Société entomologique 
de France. Paris. 8vo, I., 1873 et seq. 


524 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Bull. Soc. ent. Ital—Bulletino della Societ’ entomologica italiano, Firenzi. 8vo, I., 1869 et seq. 

Bull. Soc. Moscou.—Bulletin de Ja Societe imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou. Moseou. 8vo, 
T., 1829 et seq. 

Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric. Ent. Div.—Bulletin U.S. Department of Agriculture. Technical Series. 
Washington, D. C.  8vo. 


Cam.—Cameron (P.). (See Serials.) 

Can. Ent.—Canadian Entomologist. London, Ontario, Canada. 8vo, I., 1868-69 et seq. 

Cat. Brit. Ichn. B. M.—Catalogue of British Ichneumonide in British Museum. London, 1856. 

Cat. Hym.—Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptoram systematicus et synonymicus Auc- 
tore Dr. C. G. de Dalla Torre, Professore Oenipontano. 10 vols. Leipzig. 8vo. 

Christ (Johann Ludwig). (See Naturges. d. Ins.) 

Cook & D. (Cook, A. J. & Davis, G. C.)—Bull. Michigan Agric. College. 

Ckll.—Cockerell, Prof. T. D. A. (See Serials.) 

Coqueb.—Coquebert, de Montbret (Antoine Jean). Tllustrata Iconographica. Insectorum qui 
in Musaeis parisinis observatit et in lucem edidit Johann Christ. Fabricius, ete., 4to. Paris. 

Coq.—Coquerel (Charles). (See Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1855.) 

Comp.-rend.—Comptes-rendus de l’Académie des sciences 4 VInstitut de France, Paris, 1835 
et seq. 

Corresp. Zool.-mineral. Ver. in Regensburg.—Correspondenz blatt zoologischer mineralogischer 
vereins in Regensburg. 8vo, I, 1847 et seg. 

Costa.—Costa (Achille). (See Serials. ) 

Craw.—Craw (Alex). 

Cress., Syn. Hym.—Cresson (E. T.). Synopsis of the Families and Genera of Hymenoptera of 
America, North of Mexico, together with a catalogue of the described species, and bibliog- 
raphy. American Entomological Society, Philadelphia, 1887. 

Curt.—Curtis (John). 

Curt., Brit. Ent.—Curtis (J.). British Entomology. 16 vols. London, 1823-1840, 

Curt., Brit. Guide, British Guide. 

Curt., Farm Insects ; being the Natural History and Economy of the Insects injurious to the Field 
Crops of Great Britain and Ireland, and also those which infest Barns and Granaries, ete. 
8vo, 1860. 

Cuvier (George Leopold Christian Dagobert). Histoire des science naturelle depuis leur origine 
jusqu’A nos Jours, chez tous les peuples connus. Paris. 5 vols. 8vo, 1841-1845. 


Dahlb.—Dahlbom (A. G.). (See Serials.) 

D. T.—Dalla Torre (K. W. von; C. G. de). (See Cat. Hym.) 

Dalm.—Dalman (J. W.). (See Serials.) 

Davis (G. C.). (See Serials.) 

Deg.—Degeer, Carl. Mem. hist. Ins., I., 1752. Mémoires pour servir 4 histoire des Insectes. 
4to. Stockholm, 1752. 

Destef.—Destefani (Theodosio Destefani Perez). (See Serials.) 

Duf.—Dufour (Leon). 


Ent. Amer. 


Entomologica Americana. A Monthly Journal of Entomology. Edited by John 
3. Smith. 5 vols. 1885, et seq. Published by Brooklyn Entomological Society. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 525 


Ene. Brit.—Encyclopedia Britannica. IX., 1830. 

Ene. Méth.—Eneyclopédie Méthodique. 10 vols. Paris, 1789-1825. 

Ent. Mag.—The Entomological Magazine. 5 vols. London, 1833-1838. 

Ent. Mo. Mag.—The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine. London. 8vo, I., 1864 et seq. 

Ent. Nachr.—Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin. 8vo, I., 1875 et seq. 

Ent. News.—The Entomological News and Proceedings of the Entomological Section of the Acad- 
emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia. 8vo, I., 1890 et seq. 

Ent. The.—The Entomologist. (See Newman.) 

Ent. Zeitg. Stettin—Entomologische Zeitung herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Verein zu 
Stettin. Stettin. 8vo, I., 1840 et seq. 

Entom.—Newman’s Entomologist. London, 1840-1842. 

Eug. Resa Zool. Ins.—Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa Omkring Jorden under befil af 
C. A. Virgin. Aren, 1851-1853. Zoologi, I. Insecta. Stockholm, 1858-1868. 


Fab., Ent. Sys.—Fabricius (J. C.). Entomologica Systematica. 4 vols. Copenhagen, 1792-1794. 
Supplement, 1798. 

Fab., Piez.—Fabricius (J. C.). Systema Piezatorum. Brunswick, 1804. 

Fab., Syst. Ent.—Fabricius (J. C.). Systema Entomologica. Flensburg and Leipzig, 1775. 

Fall. 


Fallen (C. F.). Sp. nov. Hym. disp. meth. Specimen novam Hymenoptera disponend, 
methodum exhibens. Lund, 1813. 

Faun. du Can. Hym.—(See Prov.) 

Faun. Etrus. (See Rossi.) 

Fitch.—Fitch (Edw.). (See Serials.) 

Fitch.—Fitch (Dr. Asa). Reports on the Noxious, Beneficial, and other Insects of the State of 
New York. (14 Reports, published in Trans. New York Agric. Soc., Vol. XTV., 1855 
et seq.) 

Fonse. — Fonscolombe (Boyer de). (See Serials.) 

Forbes (Professor 8. A.).—Report of the State Entomologist on the Noxious and Beneficial Insects 
of the State of Illinois. 1882 et seq. 

Forst. — Forster (Dr. Arnold). (See Serials.) 

Frogg. — Froggatt (Walter W.). 


Gard, Chron. —Gardener’s Chronicle, London, 1841 et seq. 

Geer, Mém. — Geer (C. de). Mémoires pour servir 4 |’ Histoire des Inseetes. 7 vols. Stockholm, 
1752-1778. 

Genres des Mouch dipt. 1803, p. 68. 

Geoff. — Geoffroy (Etienne Louis). 

Geoffr.— Geoffroy (E.). Histoire abregée des Insectes qui se trouvent aux environs de Paris, 
2 vols., 1762. 

Germ. Fn. Ins. Eur.—Germar (E. F.). Fauna Insectorum Europe. Halle, 1812-1848. 

Girard (J.) (See Serials). 

Goureau, Colonel. (See serials.) 

Gray. Ichn. Eur. —Gravenhorst (J. L.C.).  Ichneumonologia Europea. 3 vols. Breslau, 1829. 

Guér, — Guérin-Menneville (I*élix Edouard), Le Febures, Voy. Abyss. 

Guér. — Iconog. Regn. Anim. (See under Iconog.) 

Guér, — Voy. Abyss. (See under Voy. Abyss.) 

Guér. — Voy. de Coquille. (See under Voy. de Coquille.) 


526 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Hal. — Haliday (A. H.). (See Serials.) 

Hal. Hym. Brit. — Haliday (A. H.). Hymenoptera Britannica ; Alysia, Fasciculus alte London. 
8vo, 1839. (See Hym. Brit.) ; 

Hald. — Haldeman (S. 8.). 

Hart. — Hartig (T.). (See Serials.) 

Herr-Schiiff. — Herrick-Schiiffer (G. A. W.). (See Schiff.) 

Heer (Oswald). 

Hist. abr. Insect. (See Geoffrey.) 

Harris (Thaddeus). 

Hartig (Th.). (See Serials.) 

Hasselq — Hasselquest (Friedrick). Iter Palaestr. 1757.’ Iter Palaestinum, eller resa til 
heliga landet, foerriittadifran ar 1749 til 1752 med beskrifningar, rén anmerkningar afwer 
de maerkwaerdigste naturalier, utgifven af C. Linnaeus. Holmiae, 1757. 8vo. 

Holmg. — Holmgren (A. E.). (See Serials.) 

Hore Soc. ent. Ross. — Hore Societatis entomologice Rossice. St. Petersburg, I. 1861 e seq. 

How. — Howard (Dr. L. O.). (See Serials.) ; 

Hubbard (H. G.). (See Insects affecting the Orange.) 

Hym. Brit. — Hymenoptera Britanica : Oxyura et Alysia, Fase. I., pp. 15; Fase. II., pp..28 et 4. 
London, Balliére, 1859. 

Hym. Stud. — Hymenopterologische Studien. Heft II. Chalcids und Proctotrupii von Dr. 
Arnold Forster. 


Ichn. d. Forstins. (See Ratzeburg.) 

Icong. Régn. Anim. — Ieonographia Régne Animal de G. Cuvier. 8yo. Insects. Paris, 1829— 
1858. 

Illig. — liger (J. C. W.). Tlig. Rossi Faun Etrus.— Fauna Etrusea sistens insecta qui in 
provinciis FJorentina et Pisana prisertim collegit P. Rossius Iterum edita, et annotatis per- 
petuis aucta. (2 vols., Helmstedt, 1807.) 

Illus. Woch. f. Ent. — Illustrierten Wochenschrift fiir Entomologie. 8yvo. Neudamm. 

Ind. Mus. Notes. — Indian Museum Notes. 8yo. Calcutta, India. 

Ins. Life. — Insect Life. Devoted to the economy and life habits of insects, especially in their 
relations to agriculture. Edited by C. V. Riley and L. O. Howard. 7 vols., 8vo. 1888— 
1895. 


Insects affecting the Orange. By H.G. Hubbard. 8vo. 1885. 

Jahresb. naturf. Ges. Graunbiirsden. XX VII., 1861. 

Jahresb. fortschr. Férstw. I., 1838. 

Jour, Acad, Nat. Sei, Phil. —Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 8vo, 
I., 1817 et seq. 

Journ. Linn. Soe. London Zool. — Journal of the Linnean Society of London. 

Jurine, Hym.— Jurine (L.). Nouvelle Méthode de classer les Hyménoptires et les Diptéres. 


Geneva and Paris, 1807. 


Kaw. — Kawall (J. H.). (See Serials.) 
Kiet. — Kieffer (Abbe J. J.). (See Serials.) 
Kirby. — Kirby (W. F.). 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES SPAT 


Kireh. — Kirchner (L.). 

Kirch., Cat. Hymp. Eup. — Kirehner (L.). Catalogus Hymenopterorum Europze, 1867. 
Klug. — Klug (J. Ch. F.). (See Serials.) 

Kok. — Kokujew or Kokoujew (Nikita). (See Serials.) 

Kriechb. — Kriechbaumer (Dr. Joseph). (See Serials.) 

Krieg. — Krieger (Dr. Richard). (See Serials.) 


Lam. — Lamarck (J. B. P. A. Monet de). 

Lam. Syst.— Monet de Lamarck. Systeme des animaux sans vertébres. Paris, 1801. 

Latr. — Latreille (P. A.). 

Latr., Cuy. Reg. An. — Latreille (P. A.). Articles in Cuvier’s Régne Animal. Ist ed., 3 vols. 
Paris, 1817. 

Latr., Gen. Crust. et Ins. — Latreille (P. A.). Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum secundum 
ordinem naturalem in familias disposita. 4 vols. Paris and Strasburg, 1806-1809. 

Latr., Nat. Hist. — Latreille (P. A.). Histoire Naturelle générale et particuliére des Crustacés et. 
des Insectes. 14 vols. Paris, 1802-1805, 

Latr., Préc. — Latreille (P. A.). Précis des Caractéres génériques des Insectes. Brive, 1796. 

Lefebure (Théophile). (See Voy. Abyss.) 

Lepel. — Lepeletier de St. Fargeau. (See Brulle.) 

Linnzeus (C. de). (See Linné (C. von).) 

Linn. Ent. — Linnea Entomologica. 16 vols. Berlin and Leipsic, 1846-1866. 

Linn., Fn. Suee. — Linné (C. von). Fauna Sueciea. 2d ed. Stockholm, 1761. 

Linn. Soe. London. (See Proc.) 

Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales. (See Proc.) 

L., Linn, — Linné (C. von) also Linneus. 

Linn., Sys. Nat. — Linné (C. von). Systema Nature. 12th ed. Stockholm, 1766-1768. 

List Chale. Brit. Mus. — List of the Hymenoptera in the British Museum —Chaleidea. By Francis 
Walker. 2 vols. 

Loud. Mag. — Loudon’s Magazine of Natural History. 9 vols. London, 1829-1836. 

Lucas. — Lueas (H.). Exploration de ? Algerie Hymenoptéres. 1849. 


Mag. de Zool. — Magasin de Zoologie. Reyue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquée, ete. Par 
M. F. Guérin — Méneville — Paris. 

March. — Marchal (Dr. Paul). (See Serials.) 

Marsh. — Marshall (T. A.). (See Serials.) 

Marsh., Cat. Brit. Iehn. — Marshall (T. A.). A Catalogue of the British Hymenoptera ; Ichneu- 
monide, Braconidee and Evaniidse. London, 1872. 

Mask, — Maskell (W. M.). 

Mayr. — Mayr (Dr. Gustav). (See Serials.) Verhand1. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien. 

Mém. Ac. Belgique. — Mémoires de |’ Académie royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts 
de Belgique. Bruxelles. 4to, L., 1818 ct seq. 

Mém. Acad. St.-Pétersbourg. — Mémoirs de Académie de St.-Pétersbourg. 1869-70. 

Mem. Accad. Tor.— Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, 2d series, XII., 
1853. 

Mem. Ace. Bologna. — Memorie della R. Accademia delle Scienze dell’Istituto di Bologna. 4to, 
I., 1850 et seq. 


528 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Mem. Acc. Torino. — Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Science Torino. Torino. 4to. 

Mém. Cour. Ac. Belgique (8vo). 
par l’Academie Royal des Sciences des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique. Bruxelles. 
8vo, I., 1832 et seq. 

Mém. Cour. Ac. Belgique (4to).— Mémoires couronnés et Mémoires des Sayants étrangers publiés 
par Academie Royal des Sciences des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique. Bruxelles. 
Ato, I., 1818 et seq. 

Mem. hist. Ins. (See De Geer and Geer.) 

Mem. Manchester Soc. — Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical 
Society. Manchester. 8vo. 


Mémoires couronnés et Mémoires des Savants étrangers publiés 


Mem. Mus. Milano. — Museo civico di Staria naturale di Milano e Societa italiana di Scienze 
naturali. Memorie. Milano.  4to. 

Mem. Soe. ent. Belgique. — Mémoires de la Société entomologue de Belgique. Bruxelles.  8vo. 
I., 1892, et seq. 

Mem. Soe. Manch.— Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical 
Society, 4th series. 

Moes. — Mocesary (Alexandro.) 

Mocs. Lit. Hym. — Literatura Hymenopterorum ab Alexandro Mocsary, 8vo. Budapest, 1882. 

Moes., Maygar Fn. — Magyar Fauna masnejii darasai (Heterogynide Faunz Hungarice). Term. 
Kézlem, XVIL., pp. 1-93, pls. II. 

Menn.—Mennier (Fernand). (See Serials.) 

Moeller (Christian Heinrich). 

Motsch.— Motschulsky (Genl. V.). (See Serials.) 

Motsch. Etud. Ent.—— Etudes Entomologiques rédigees par Victor de Motschulsky, Lieutenant- 
Colonel d’ Etat-Mayor, en retraite ete. Helsingfors, 1832 et seq. 

Mt. Schweiz. ent. Ges. — Mittheilungen der Schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft. Bul- 
letin de la Société entomologique Suisse. Schaffhausen. 8vo. 

Mill., Fn. Fridr.— Miller (O. F.). Fauna Insectorum Fridrichsdalina. Copenhagen and 
Leipsic, 1764. 

Miill., Naturs. Linn. — Miiller (P. L. 8.).  Vollstiindiges Natursystem des C. v. Linné, mit einer 
Erklirung. 6 vols. and supplement. Nuremberg, 1773-1776. 


Nat. Sicil. 

Nat. His. Rev.— The Natural History Review ; a quarterly journal of science, conducted by Hali- 
day and others. 5 vols. Dublin, 1854-1858. 

Natural. Canad. — Le Naturaliste Canadien — Bulletin de recherches, observations et découvertes se 
rapportant 4 Vhistoire naturelle du Canada. Quebee et Chicoutimi. 8vo, I., 1869 ef seq. 

Natural. Sicil.—Il Naturalista Siciliano. Organo della Societa dei Naturalisti Siciliani. 
Palermo. 4to. 


Naturalista Siciliano. S8vo. Palermo. 


Naturges. d. Ins.— Naturgeschichte Classification und Nomenclatur der Insecten yom Bienen, 
Wespen, und Ameisengeschlecht ; als der fiinften Klasse fiinften Ordnung des Linneischen 
Natur-Systems von den Insecten Hymenopteren, ete. dto. 1791. 

Naturgesch, Schiidl. — Forstins. III. 1805. (See Beckstein.) 

Nees. — Nees ab Esenbeck (C. G.). 

Nees, Monog. — Nees von Esenbeck (C. G.). Hymenopterorum Ichneumonibus affinium Mono- 
graphie Genera Europe et Species illustrantes. 2 vols. Stuttgardt and Tiibingen, 1834. 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 529 


Newp. — Newport (G.). (See Serials.) 

No. Amer. Entom.— The North American Entomologist. 1880, 

Nort. — Norton (Edw.). (See Serials.) 

Notes on Chale. — Notes on Chaleidize by Francis Walker, F.L.S. 5 pts. 1871. 

Nouv. Mém. Ae. Sci. Brux. — Nouveau Memoirs Academie des Science, Bruxelles. 8vo. 

Nouy. Meth. Hym. — Nouvelle Méthode de classer Les Hyménoptéres et Les Diptéres. Par L. 
Jurine. 4to. Geneve, 1807. 

Nov. Act. Ac. L. C. (See Acta Ac. Germ.) 


Ofv. Vet., Ak. Férhl. — Ofversigt af K. Vetenskaps — Akadamiens Férhandlingar. Stockholm. 
8vo. 1845 et seq. 

Oliv. — Olivier (A. G.). (See Eneye. méthod.) 

Orange Ins. — Orange Insects. By Wm. H. Ashmead. 1880. 

Opus. Ent.— Opuscula Entomologica. 12mo. I.—XXII., 1869-1897. (See Thomson.) 

O. 8. — Osten Sacken (Baron C. R.). (See Serials.) 


Pack.—Packard (A. 8.). 

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Panz. Panzer (G. W. F.). (See Serials.) 

Panz., Fn. Germ.—Panzer (G. W. F.).  Faunze Insectorum Germanic initia. 109 pls. Nurem- 
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Panz., Krit. Revis.—Panzer (G. W. F.). Kritische Revision der Insecktenfaune Deutschlands, 
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Parfitt.—Parfitt (E.)—(See Serials.) 

Perty. (Maximilian.) Delectus animalium articulatorum, que in itinere per Brasiliam annis 
1817-1820 jussu et auspiciis Maximilian Josephi Bavarie regis augustissimi peracto, college- 
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Phil. Mag.—The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 16 
vols. London, 1832-1840. 

Philip.—Philippi (R. A.). (See Stett. Ent. Zeitg.) 

Pinacogr.—Pinacographia. Door Dr. 8. C. Snellen van Vollenhoven. 4to. 1880. 

Proce. Acad. Sci. Phil.—Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Phila- 
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Proce, Boston Soc. N. H.—Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, I., 1836 et seq. 
Boston. 8vo. 

Proce. Calif. Acad.—Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. Zodlogy. San Fran- 
cisco. 8vo. 

Proc. Ent. Soe. London.—Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London, I., 1834 et seq. 
London, 8vo. (See Transactions.) 

Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil.—Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia. 8vo. 

Proc. Ent. Soe. Wash.—Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, I., 1884 et seq. 
Washington. 8vo. 


530 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


Proc. Essex Inst., ['V., 1864.—Proceedings of the Essex Institution. 

Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond.—Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. London. 8vo. 

Proce. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales.—Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 
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Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Proceedings of the U. 8. National Museum, VIII et seq. 

Proe. Wash. Acad. Sci.—Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, Vol. IV., 1902. 

Proe. Zodl. Soc. London.—Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zodlogical Society of Lon- 
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Ratz.—Ratzeburg (J. Th. C.). ; 

Ratz., Ichn. d. Forstins—Ratzeburg (J.T. C.). Die Ichneumonen der Forstinsecten in forstlicher 
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Riley, Mo. Rep.—Report on the Noxious, Beneficial and other Insects of the State of Missouri 
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Rond. — Rondani (C.). 

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Rossi’s Faun. Etrus. — Rossi (Peter). Fauna Etrusca, sistens insecta que in provinciés Floren- 
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Six.—Six (G. A.). (See Serials.) 


ASHMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 531 


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Stadelm.—Stadelmann (A.). 

Stef.—Stefani (Theodosio). 

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Steph.—Stephens (J. F.). 

Step., Il. Brit. Ent.—Illustrations of British Entomology. 11 vols. London, 1824-46. 

Stett. ent. Zeit.—Stettiner entomologische Zeitung. Stettin, 1830 ef seq. 

Stoll (O.). (See Serials.) 

Svensk. Ak. Handl.-Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar. Stockholm, 1780 
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Tr. Am. Ent. Soe.—Transactions American Entomological Society. Philadelphia. 8vo. 

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described many Chaleids in these Transactions. ). 

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Lugduni Batavarum, 1789 Hym., Vol. III., pp. 69-344. 


532 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 


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Vollenh. Schets., Pinacogr.— Pinacographia. 4to. 1880. 

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par une commission scientifique composée de MM. Théophile Lefebure. Paris. 8vo. 

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dant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825, etc. Paris. 4to. 1830. 


Wachtl. — Wachtl (A.). (See Serials.) 

Walck., Fn. Paris. — Walckenaér (Baron C. A. de). Faune Parisienne. Histoire Abrégée des 
Insectes des Environs de Paris. 2 vols. Paris, 1802. 

Walker. — Walker F. (Francis). (See Serials.) 

Walk. Mongr. Chale. —Monographia Chalciditum by Francis Walker. 2 vols. London, 1839. 

Walk., Notes on Chale. — Notes on Chalcidiew. By Francis Walker. 5 Pts. 1871. 

Walsh. — Walsh (Benj. D.). (See Serials.) 

Walsh. — Walsh (Benjamin D.). 

Web. und Mohr, Beitr. — Archiy fiir die systematische Naturgeschichte. Edited by F. Weber 
and W. H. Mohr. Leipzig, 1804. Continued under the title: Beitriige zur Naturkunde, 
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Westw. — Westwood (Prof. John O.). (See Serials.) 

Westw., Intr. — Westwood (J. O.). An Introduction to the Modern Classification of Insects. 2 
vols. London, 1839-40. 
Westw., Thes. Ent. Ox. — ‘Thesaurus Entomologicus Oxoniensis, ete. Oxford, 1874. 

White (A.) (See Serials). 

Wiegmann’s Archiy. — Archiy fiir Naturgeschichte. Gegriindet von A. F. A. Wiegmann, Fort- 
gesetzt von W. F. Erichsen. 8vo. Berlin. 

Wien. Ent. Zeit. — Wiener entomologische Zeitung, I., 1882 et seq. 

Willem. — Willem (Victor). (See Serials.) Bull. Sci. d. France et d. Belgique, 1897. 

Wollst. — Wollaston (V. T.). (See Serials.) 


Zehnt. — Zehnter (L.). 

Zeitschr. f. Entom. 

Zeits. f. wiss. Zool. — Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig, XIX., 1869. 

Zett. — Zetterstedt (J. W.). 

Zett., Ins. Lap. — Zetterstedt (J. W.). Insecta Lapponica descripta. Leipzig, 1840. 

Zool. Anz. — Zoologischer Anzeiger, zugleich Organ der deutschen zoologischen Gesellschaft. 
Leipzig. 8vo. 

Zool. Jahrb, Syst.—Zoologische Jahrbiicher. Abtheilung fiir Systematik, Geographie und 
Biologie der Thiere. Jena. 8vo. 

Zool. Rec. —The Zoological Record. London. 8vo, I., 1864 et seq. 

Zob|. — The Zodlogist, London, 1843 et seq. 


MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, VOL I. PLATE XXXI 


1. Leucospis enderleini Ashmead, &. 4, Kustypiura bicolor Ashmead, &. 
2. Thawmatelia pulchripennis Ashmead, % . 5. NXanthomelanus dimidiatus Fabricius, <. 


3. Epitelia stylata Walker, Q. 6. Eustypiura sexmaculata, Ashmead, &. 


MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, VOL. I. . PLATE XXXII. 


1. Ceratosmicra petiolata Ashmead, ~. 4. Hontalia cameroni Ashmead, °. 
2. Tetrasmicra crocata Walker, %. 5. Hontalia kirbyi Ashmead, <. 
3. Hippota pecticornis Latreille, <. 6. Aximopsis morio Ashmead, °. 


are? J 


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OFTHE 
—NUIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS | | 


MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, VOL. I. 


PLATE XXXIII. 


- Isosomodes nigriceps Ashmead, <7. 5. Aximogastra bahie Ashmead 


b] Y : 
Chryseida ceneiventris Ashmead, ©, 6 


1. Lsosomodes brasiliensis Ashmead, ©. 4. Bephrata striatipes Ashmead, ©. 
2 
3. }. Prodecatoma flavescens Ashmead, ©. 


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Pais then a et as) 
=, ied aad 


MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, VOL. I. PLATE XXXIV. 


1. Eudoxinna transversa Walker, 9. 4. Perilampus brasiliensis Ashmead, \. 
2. Neorileya flavipes Ashmead, O. 5. Orasema rapo Walker, 9. 
3. Macrorileya ecanthi Ashmead, 9. 6. Pseudochaleura nigrocyanea Ashmead, Y. 


tHe bagi 
OF THe 
GENER OF ELUGOIS — 


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ene 
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Bite 
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- 
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MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, VOL. I. 


. Tetramelia plagiata Walker, <j. 

. Stibula nigriceps Ashmead, J. 

Dicelothorax platycerus Ashmead, ©, 
a, scutellum seen from above, 


PLATE XXXV. 


4. Kapala splendens Ashmead, °. 
5. Lasiokapala serrata Ashmead, ©. 
6. Herbertia howardi Ashmead, °. 


THE cian wt 
é ; OF THE a ; re. eae x Tae, . 
URIVERSITY OF tLLumols Thr fot 


MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, VOL. I 


PLATE XXXVI. 


Lelaps abdominalis Ashmead, © . 
. Chalcedectes annulipes Ashmead, ©. 
Lycisea ignicauda Westwood, ©. 


4. Trigonoderus brasiliensis Ashmead, ©. 
5. Epistenia basalis Walker, ©. 
G. Pelecinella howardi Ashmead, ©. 


wodode 


MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, VOL. I PLATE XXXVII. 


1. Ooderella smithi Ashmead, &. 4. Eneyrtaspis brasiliensis Ashmead, °. 
2. Macreupelma brasiliensis Ashmead,  . 5. Tricheneyrtus robustus Ashmead, Q. 
3. Phlebopenes pertyi Ashmead, 9. 6. Pareneyrtus brasiliensis Ashmead, 9. 


“THE LIBRARY ~ 
ee Ss ose 
UUNEARITY OF FLLUINOIS 


MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, VOL. I. PLATE XXXVIII. 


1. Anasius chapade Ashmead, 9. 4. Urentedon verticillata Ashmead, 9. 
'} ’ ¥ 
2. Hemencyrtus herberti Ashmead, 9. ° 5. Hoplocrepis bifasciata Ashmead, <%. 


3. Acanthometopon clavicorne Ashmead, &. 6. Eulophopteryx chapade Ashmead, &. 


OD oie ius a yp a a _e yw 


re . 
wing 5 : . =), a ; 
\ hie ianadi eae fas Fa ae 
rik ee ae ay, | ne 


URIVERSHNY OF FLLuiOIs 


MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, VoL J, PLATE XXXIX. 


1. Paraerias laticeps Ashmead, ©. 2. Tetrastichus brasiliensis Ashmead, Q. 


> 


3. Stenomesius dimidiatus Ashmead, ©. 


SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 


Ablerus Howard, 345, 346, 365, 498 Amotura Cameron, 281, 282, 565 

Aecanthochaleis Cameron, 249, 865 Anacryptus Kirby, 254, 365 

Acanthometapon Ashmead, 314, 315, 365, 498 Anagrus Haliday, 363, 366 
clavicorne, 498 Anaphes Haliday, 363 

Acerophagus Smith, 365 Anaphini, Tribe I., 365 

Acrias Walker, 344, 565 Table of genera, 363 

Acroclisis Forster, 320, 331, 365, 502 Anagyrus Howard, 294, 366 
brasiliensis, 502 Anastatus Motschulsky, 290, 291, 366, 493 

Acrocormus Forster, 283, 285, 565 auriceps, 493 

Acrostela Shipp., 365 basalis, 494 

Adeleneyrtus Ashmead, 304, 365 coreophagus, 494 

JEnasius Walker, 300, 307, 365, 496 pleuralis, 494 
chapadee, 496 punctiventris, 494 

Eolomorpha Dalla Torre, 365 unifasciatus, 495 

iEpocerus Mayr, 274, 275, 365, 475 Aneristus Howard, 345, 346, 366 
emarginatus Mayr, 475 Aneure Nees, 366 
excayatus Mayr, 475 Anicetus Howard, 305 
flavomaculatus Mayr, 476 mt Anoglyphis Forster, 284, 285, 366 
inflaticeps Mayr, 476 Anogmus Forster, 323, 366 
punctipennis Mayr, 476 Anthemus Howard, 363, 366 
simplex Mayr, 476 Anthophorabia Newport, 366 

Atroxys Westwood, Walker, 365 Antigaster Walsh, 366 

Agamerion Haliday, 281, 282, 365 Antrocephalus Kirby, 255, 256, 366, 457 

Agaon Dalman, 333, 365 punctigerus Fabr., 457 

Agaonide, Family LX., 231, 394, 365, 394 Anusia Forster, 294, 296, 566 

Agaonine, Subfamily I., 252, 394 Anysis Howard, 366, 366 

Agonophorus Dalman, 364 Aperilampus Walker, 266, 366 

Ailomorphus Walker, 210 discolor Walk., 467 

Ailolomorpha Walker, 365 Aphidencyrtus Ashmead, 304, 310, 866, 497 

Ageniaspis Dahlbom, 302, 303, 309, 365 brasiliensis, 497 

Agrianisa Walker, 365 ephytus Walk., 497 

Alaptus Haliday, 362, 365 Aphelinine, Subfamily IT., 344, 511 

Alophus Ashmead, 353, 365, 519 Table of tribes, 344 
brasiliensis, 520 Aphelinini, Tribe I., 345 

Allocera Sichel, 255, 365 Table of genera, 345 

Alloderma Ashmead, 273, 274, 365 Aphelinus Dalman, 346, 366 

Amblymerus Walker, 317, 365 Aphobetoideus Ashmead, 328, 366 

Ametallon Ashmead, 344, 365, 511 Aphobetus Howard, 328, 366 
chapadee, 511 Aphycus Mayr,{302, 309, 366 


533 


534 SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 


Apocrypta Coquerel, 235, 366 
Apocrypta Cr mquerel, 366 
Apoeryptophagus Ashmead, 258, 366 
Aprobosea Westwood, 360, 361, 366 
Aprostocetus Westwood, 339, 350, 366 
Apterolelaps Ashmead, 279 
Arachnophaga Ashmead, 290, 291, 366 
Aratus Howard, 300, 307, 366 
Archinus Howard, 299, 306, 366 
Ardalus Howard, 352, 358, 366, 517 
howardii, 517 
Arescon Walker, 567 
Arretocera Kirby, 254, 367 
Arrhenophagini, Tribe [V., 311 
Table of genera, 311 
Arrhenophagus Aurivillius, 311, 367 
Arthrolysis Forster, 276, 367 
Arthrolytus Thomson, 320, 322, 367 
Asaphes Walker, 327, 367, 501 
vulgaris Walk., 501 
Asaphini, Tribe I., 327, 501 
Table of genera, 327 
Asecodes Forster, 342, 343 
Aseiba Cameron, 367 
Asemantus Forster, 274, 275, 367 
Ashmeadia Howard, 367 


Aspidiotiphagus Howard, 345, 346, 367, 511 


citrinus, 511 
Aspidocoris Costa, 367 
Aspirhina Kirby, 255, 256, 367, 457 
dubitator Walk., 457 
Asteropseus Howard, 305, 367 
Astichus Forster, 339, 340, 367 
Astymachus Howard, 303, 309, 367 
Asynacta Forster, 359, 367 
Atropates Howard, 305, 367 
Aulogymnus Forster, 367 
Axima Walker, 258, 367, 458 
brasiliensis, 459 
brevicornis, 459 
koebelei, 459 
spinifrons, 459 
Aximini, Tribe I., 258, 458 
Aximogastra Ashmead, 261, 263, 367, 462 
bahiz, 463 


Aximopsis Ashmead, 259, 367, 460 


Aximopsis morio, 460 

Bactryischion Costa, 367 

Beocharis Mayr, 394, 367 

Beotomus Forster, 367 

Balcha Walker, 367 

Baryscapus Forster, 349, 350, 367 

Bellerus Walker, 367 

Belonea Westwood, 283, 367 

Belonura Ashmead, 318, 321, 367 

Bephrata Cameron, 261, 265, 568, 462 
striatipes, 462 

Berecyntus Howard, 299, 368 

Blastophaga Gravenhorst, 233, 234, 394 
bifossulata, 394 
brasiliensis, 394 

Blastothrix Mayr, 303, 309 

Blatticida Ashmead, 305, 368 

Blaphonira Holmgren, 368 

Blepyrus Howard, 300, 307, 368 

Bootania Dalla Torre, 245, 368 


Bothriothorax Ratzeburg, 300, 307, 368, 496 


brasiliensis, 496 
Bothryothorax Kirchner, 368 
Brachista Haliday, 359, 360, 368 
Brachycaudonia Ashmead, 283, 285, 368 
Brachycrepis Ashmead, 368 
Brachyscelidiphaga Ashmead, 324, 325 
Brachysticha Forster, 368 
Brasema Cameron, 288, 368, 486 
fascipennis, 486 
Bruchobius Ashmead, 314, 315 
Bruchophagus Ashmead, 262, 263, 368 
Bubekia Dalla Torre, 331, 332, 368 


Cacotropia Motschulsky, 289, 368 
Cenacis Forster, 316, 368 
Cenocrepis Thomson, 368 

Calleptiles Haliday, 368 

Callimomus Thomson, 241, 242, 368 
Calimome Spinola, 368 

Calliopteroma Dalla Torre, 368 
Callipteroma Motschulsky, 304, 368 
Callitula Spinola, 368 

Calocerinus Howard, 293, 368 
Calosoter Walker, 288, 290 
Calyostichus Ashmead, 368 


SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. ape 


Calypso Haliday, 272 
Cameronella Dalla Torre, 283, 369 
Camptoptera Forster, 362, 369 
Caraphractus Haliday, 364, 369 
Caratomus Thomson, 369 
Cardiogaster Motschulsky, 326, 369 
Catolaceus Thomson, 320, 322, 369 
Caudonia Walker, 283, 285, 369 
Cea Haliday, 283, 369 
Cecidostiba Thomson, 316, 362 
Cecidoxenus Ashmead, 274, 275, 369 
Centrobia Forster, 360, 361, 369 
Centrodora Forster, 346, 369 
Cephaleta Motschulsky, 326, 369 
Cerambycobia Ashmead, 289, 291, 369 
Ceranisus Walker, 349, 350, 369 
Cerapterocerus Westwood, 305, 310, 369 
Ceratomus Dalman, 369 
Ceratoneura Ashmead, 347, 369 
Ceratoneurini, Tribe I., 347 
Ceratosmicra Ashmead, 251, 253, 369 

flava, (left out through an error) 

koebelei, (left out through an error) 
Ceratosolens Mayr, 233, 254, 369 
Cerchysius Westwood, 299, 302, 369 
Cercobelus Walker, 306, 311, 369 
Cerocephala Westwood, 334, 369 
Chetospila Westwood, 369 
Cheetosticha Haliday, 360, 361, 369 
Chaleaspis Howard, 300, 307, 369 
Chaleidide, Family LXITI., 246, 369, 402 
Chalcidinz, Subfamily II., 247, 405 

Table of tribes, 248 
Chalcidini, Tribe I., 248, 405 

Table of genera, 248 
Chaleidiscelis Ashmead, 281 
Chaleedactes Walker, 281, 369, 483 

annulepes, 483 . 

histrio, 483. . 

maculicornis, 483 

regalis, 483 

sedecemdentata, 483 

septemdentata, 483 
Chaleedectinze, Subfamily I., 281, 483 
Chaleis Fabr., 249, 250, 369, 408 

aculeata Walk., 408 


or 


Chaleis annulata Fabr., 408 

augarus Walk., 409 

decreta Walk., 409 

eurytomoides Walk., 409 

ferruginea, 409 

fervida, 409 

implexa, 409 

minuta, 409 

mnestor, 410 

orseis, 410 

producta, 411 

quadripunctata, 411 

serripes, 411 

subfasciata, 411 

testacea, 411 

viearia, 411 

villosa, 411 
Chaleitella Westwood, 254, 369 
Chalcitellini, Tribe IIT., 254, 457 

Table of genera, 254 
Chalcites Heer, 364, 369 
Chaleodectes Dalla Torre, 369 
Chaleodectinee Dalla Torre, 281 
Chaleura Kirby, 268, 269, 370 
Charitolophus Forster, 289, 370 
Charitopus Forster, 288, 370 
Chartocerus Motsehulsky, 340 
Cheiloneurus Westwood, 304, 310, 370 
Cheiropachys Westwood, 283, 284, 370 
Chestomorpha Ashmead, 300, 306, 370 
Chiroceras Latreille, 370 
Chirocerus Brullé, 370 
Chirolophus Haliday, 288, 290, 3870 
Chiropachus Agassiz, 370 
Chiropachys Thomson, 370 
Choreia Westwood, 304, 310 
Choreius Westwood, 370 
Choreia Vollenhoven, 370 
Chryseida Spinola, 261, 262, 461 

eneiventris, 462 

amazonica, 461 

eyanea Fabr., 461 

superciliosa Westw., 462 
Chrysoatomus Ashmead, 342, 370 
Chrysocharis Forster, 340, 370 
Chrysocharodes Ashmead, 370 


536 SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 


Chrysocharoideus Ashmead, 370 
Chrysoglyphe Ashmead, 313, 314, 370 
Chrysolampus Spinola, 266, 370 
Chrysomalla Forster, 266, 370 
Chrysonotomyia Ashmead, 344, 370 
Chrysoplatycerus Ashmead, 305, 316, 370 
Chrysopophagus Ashmead, 293, 297, 370 
Cirrospilus Forster, 370 
Cirrospilus Westwood, 354, 355, 370 
Cirrospiloideus Ashmead, 354, 355, 370 
Cleonymide, Family LX VII., 280, 483 
Table of subfamilies, 280 
Cleonyminz, Subfamily II., 282, 484 
Cleonymus Latreille, 288, 284, 370, 485 
collaris, 485 
Cleptimorpha Walker, 281, 3870 
Cleptomorpha Dalla Torre, 371 
Closterocerus Westwood, 340, 504 
cercius Walk., 504 
pelor Walk., 504 
xenodice Walk., 504 
Coccidencyrtus Ashmead, 302, 309, 371, 497 
vitis, 497 
Coccobius Ratzeburg, 306, 311, 371 
Coccophagus Westwood, 345, 346, 371 
Coccophoctonus Ashmead, 301, 307, 371 
Ceelocyba Ashmead, 324, 325, 371 
Celogaster Schrank, 371 
Ceelopisthia Forster, 320, 322, 371 
Ceelopisthus Thomson, 371 
Celops Kriechbaumer, 371 
Cenocereus Thomson, 371 
Colas Curtis, 371 
Colax Curtis, 371 
Colotrochnine, Subfamily TV., 285 
Colotrochnus Thomson, 286, 371 
Colyostichus Mayr, 238, 240, 371, 296 
longicaudis Mayr, 396 
Comedo Schrank, 371 
Comys Forster, 371 
Conura Spinola, 255, 256, 371, 457 
annulipes, 457 
flavicans, 457 
Copidosoma Ratzeburg, 299, 306, 371 
Coruna Walker, 371 
Coryna Reinhard, 371 


Corynocera Nees, 371 
Cosmocoma Forster, 371 
Crantor Haliday, 371 
Crateepus Forster, 349, 350, 371 
Cratomini, Tribe LV., 332 

Table of genera, 333, 371 
Cratomus Dalman, 333 
Cratotrechus Thomson, 357, 371 
Cricellius Thomson, 313, 314, 371 
Critogaster Mayr, 371 

piliventris, 396 

nuda, 396 
Crossogaster Mayr, 235, 371 
Cryptopristus Forster, 243, 244, 372 
Cryptoprymna Forster, 330, 352, 372 
Cryptoprymnus Thomson, 372 
Cycloneura Dahlbom, 372 
Cyniphoctonus Reinhard, 372 
Cynipsichneumon Christ, 364, 372 
Cynipsillum Lamarck, 372 
Cyrtogaster Walker, 330, 332, 372 
Cyrtosoma Curtis, 372 


Dasyglenes Ashmead, 372 
Decatoma Spinola, 265, 372 
eequiramulis, (left out through an error) 
breviramulis,  “ ce 
longiramulis,  “ < 
Decatomidea Ashmead, 262, 372 
Decatomini, Tribe V., 265 
Decatomothorax Ashmead, 273, 274, 372, 510 
Derostenus Westwood, 342, 343, 372 
alcestas, 510 
Destefania Dalla Torre, 268, 269, 372 
Diamorus Mayr, 400 
variabilis, 400 
Diamorus Walker, 248, 372, 399 
Diaulus Ashmead, 356, 372 
Diaulomorpha Ashmead, 356 
Dibrachys Forster, 320, 322, 372 
Dicellocerus Mengel, 372 
Dichalysis Forster, 372 
Dichatomus Forster, 352, 353, 5 
Dicladocerus Westwood, 358, 37 
Diccelothorax Ashmead, 268, 270, 372, 470 
platycerus, 470 


2 


SPECIAL INDEX 


Dicormus Forster, 372 
Dicylus Walker, 277, 3@2, 477 
arduine, 477 
lynastes, 477 
Diglochis Forster, 320, 322, 372 
Diglyphis Thomson, 372 
Diglyphomorpha Ashmead, 352, 353, 372 
Diglyphus Thomson, 372 
Diglyphus Walker, 358, 372 
Dilocantha Shipp., 268, 270, 372, 471 
flavicornis, 471 
Dilophogaster Howard, 372 
Dimachus Thomson, 276, 372 
Dimmoctia Ashmead, 357, 372 
Dinarmus Thomson, 276, 373 
Dinocarsis Forster, 294, 373 
Dinotus Forster, 316, 378 
Dinoura Ashmead, 284, 285 
Dipara Walker, 335, 373 
Diparine, Subfamily V., 334 
Table of genera, 334 
Diplectron Dahlbom, 373 
Diplodontia Ashmead, 252, 254, 373 
Diplolepis Fabricius, 364, 373 
Dirhicnus Thomson, 314, 315, 373 
Dirhinini, Tribe V., 257, 458 
Table of genera, 257 
Dirhinus Dalman, 257, 373 
Dirrhinus Dalla Torre, 373 
Discodes Forster, 373 
Disema Forster, 275, 276, 373 
Doriclytus Forster, 363, 373 
Doryclytus Dalla Torre, 373 


Ecdamua Walker, 241, 242, 373 
Echthroplectis Dalla Torre, 373 
Echthroplexis Forster, 302, 308, 3873 
KEerizotes Forster, 272, 373 
Eetroma Westwood, 294, 373 
Ectromini, Tribe I., 292 
Table of genera, 293 
disenia Ashmead, 233, 234, 373, 394 
flaviscapa, 394 
Elachertinge, Subfamily TV., 350, 516 
Table of tribes, 351 
Elachertini, Tribe IIT., 354, 520 


TO MEMOIR IV. '5}3° 


Elachertini, Table of genera, 354 
Elachertomorpha Ashmead, 352, 373, 518 
flaviceps, 518 


~ one 
rue 


Elachertus Spinola, 354, 354, : 


ew) 
or 
bo 
—) 


eatta, 520 
gyes, 520 
Elachestus Walker, 373 
Elachistoide, 350 
Elachistus Forster, 373 
Elasmide, Family LX X., 335, 502 
Table of genera, 335 
Elasmus Westwood, 336, 373, 502 
brasiliensis, 502 
chapadie, 502 
peraffinis, 505 
Elatus Walker, 266, 373 
Enearsia Forster, 345, 346 
Eneyrtaspis Ashmead, 290, 492 
brasiliensis, 492 
Encyrtide, Family LX VIII., 286, 486 
Table of subfamilies, 286 
Eneyrtinx, Subfamily ITI., 292, 496 
Table of tribes, 292 
Eneyrtini, Tribe II., 297 
Table of genera, 297 
Eneyrtocephalus Ashmead, 255, 256 
Encyrtus Latreille, 297, 373 
vitis, 497 
Endomychobius Ashmead, 318, 321, 572 
Eniaca Kirby, 257, 374 
Enneasmicra Ashmead, 252, 253, 374, 449 
exinaniens, 449 
corumbensis, +49 
incerta, 449 
Mnneatoma Dahlbom, 374 
Sntedon Dalman, 342, 843, 874, 509 
antander, 509 
badius, 509 
emperamus, 509 
flacilla, 509 
hegelochus, 509 
thestis, 510 
ufens, 510 
Entedonine, Subfamily I., 337, 503 
Table of tribes, 337 
Sntedonini, Tribe IIT., 340, 504 


538 SPECIAL 


Epiclerus Haliday, 374 
Epicopterus Westwood, 274, 275, 374 
Epiencyrtus Ashmead, 304, 374 
Epinzoideus Ashmead, 374 
Epineus Kirby, 251, 253, 374, 449 
dux, 449 
Epineus Walker, 374 
Epipteromelus Ashmead, 319, 321 
Epistenia Westwood, 282, 284, 374, 485 
eequalis, 485 
ania, 485 
basalis, 485 
quadriplagiata, 485 
seutata, 485 
Epitelia Kirby, 249, 250, 374, 408 
aculeata; 408 
basalis, 408 
stylata, 408 
Epitranus Walker, 250, 253, 374, 412 
fulvescens, 412 
Xretomocerus Haldeman, 347, 374 
Ericydnus Walker, 293, 296, 374 
Ervophilus Haldeman, 374 
Erotolepsia Howard, 272, 374 
Etroxys Westwood, 313, 314, 374 
Euargopelte Férster, 326, 374 
Euchalcis Dufour, 255, 256, 374 
Eucharide, Family LXY., 266, 467 
Table of genera, 267 
Eucharis Latreille, 267, 269, 374, 467 
discerodera, 467 
Eucharissa Westwood, 267, 269, 374 
Euchrysia Westwood, 281, 282, 374 
Eucomys Forster, 374 
Eudecatoma Ashmead, 265, 374 
Euderus Haliday, 339, 340, 374 
Euderus Thomson, 374 
Eudoxima Watker, 374 
Kudoxinna Walker, 262, 263, 374, 465 
transversa Walk, 465 
Kulophide, Family LXXI., 336, 503 
Table of subfamilies, 337 
Kulophinze, Subfamily V., 355 
Table of tribes, 356 
Eulophini, Tribe I., 356, 520 


Kulophopteryx Ashmead, 341, 342, 374, 506 


INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 


Eulophopteryx chapadee, 506 
Eulophus Geoffroy, 357, 374, 520 
laonome, 520 
rhianus, 521 
Euneura Walker, 329, 375 


_Eunotine, Subfamily IITL., 325 


Table of genera, 325 
Eunotus Walker, 326, 375 


Euophthalnomyia Ashmead, 339, 340, 375 


Euoxysoma Ashmead, 259, 260, 375 
Eupelmine, Subfamily I., 287, 486 

Table of tribes, 287 
Eupelmini, Tribe I., 287, 486 

Table of genera, 247 
Eupelminus Dalla Torre, 289, 375 
Eupelmus Dalman, 29, 289, 375 

acaudus, 488 

americanus, 487 

amillaris, 488 

apicalis, 489 

aprilis, 489 

basicupreus, 388 

chapadee, 489 

compressiventris, 489 

corumbee, 490 

excellens, 488 

koebelei, 488 

“magniclavatus, 490 

persimilis, 489 

proximus, 488 

santaremensis, 489 

simillimus, 490 

unifasciatus, 490 
Euperilampus Walker, 266, 375 
Euplectrini, Tribe I., 351, 516 

Table of genera, 351 


Euplectrus Westwood, 351, 3875, 487, 516 


brasiliensis, 516 

chapadee, 516, 517 

corumbie, 516, 517 

solitarius, 516, 517 
Eupristina Saunders, 233, 334, 375 
Eupsilocera Westwood, 375 
Eurycephalus Ashmead, 375 
Euryeranium Ashmead, 326, 375 
Eurydinota Forster, 331, 332, 375 


SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 539 


Euryischia Howard, 336, 375 
Euryophrys Forster, 375 
Euryrhopalus Howard, 301, 307, 375 
Euryscapus Forster, 375 
Eurytomide, Family LXIII., 257, 458 
Table of tribes, 258 
Eurytomini, Tribe III., 260, 461 
Table of genera, 261, 464 
Eurytoma Illiger, 262, 263, 375 
argentata, 464 
cuclus, 464 
mellea, 465 
menon, 465 
pallidiceps, 465 
philager, 464 
pomorum, 465 
simplex, 465 
Euytomocharis Ashmead, 262, 263, 365 
Eusandalum Ratzeburg, 288, 290, 375 
Euscapus Dahlbom, 375 
Eusemion Dahlbom, 305, 310, 375 
Eustochus Haliday, 363, 375 
Eustypiura Ashmead, 251, 253, 375, 412 
bicolor, 412 
sexmaculata, 412 
smithii, 413 
Eutelini, Tribe III., 317, 498 
Table of genera, 317 
Eutelus Walker, 317 
Eutriche Nees, 375 
Eutrichosoma Ashmead, 291, 292, 375 
Exochlenus Shipp, 247, 375, 405 
amphidioides, 405 
Exurus Philippi, 375 


Families, table of, 228 

Flabrinus Rondani, 375 

Forsterella Dalla Torre, 338, 375 
Froggattea Ashmead, 238, 241, 375 


Galearia Brullé, 376 

Ganahlia Dalla Torre, 376 

Ganosoma Mayr, 376 

Gastracanthus Westwood, 376 

Gastrancistrus Westwood, 273, 275, 376, 475 
cephalon, 475 


Gastrancistrus fulginans, 475 
polles, 475 
vonones, 475 
Geniocerus Ratzeburg, 376 
Gitognathus Thomson, 278, 279, 376 
Glyphe Walker, 376 
Glyphomerus Forster, 376 
Gnatho Curtis, 376 
Gonatocerine, Subfamily I., 362, 5: 
Table of tribes, 362 
Gonatocerini, Tribe II., 362, 521 
Table of genera, 362 
Gonatocerus Nees, 362, 376 
Goniocerus Nees, 376 
Goniogaster Mayr, 238, 240, 576 
Gyrolasia Forster, 349 
Habritus Thomson, 276, 576 
Habrocytus Thomson, 316, 317, 376 
Habrolepis Forster, 305, 310, 311, 376 
Habrolepoidea Howard, 295, 376 
Habrolepopteryx Ashmead, 295, 376 
Halidayella Dalla Torre, 376 
Halidea Forster, 376 
Halizoa Forster, 376 
Halticella Forster, 376 
Haltichella Spinola, 255, 256, 376, 457 
dorsalis, 457 
remotor, 457 
Haltichellini, Tribe LV., 254, 457 
Table of genera, 254 
Halticoptera Spinola, 277, 376, 476 
cleordora, 476 


to 
_ 


herse, 476 
seriaster, 477 
Halticopterini, Tribe I., 277, 476 
Table of genera, 277 
Harmolita Motschulsky, 376 
Harmolyta Dalla Torre, 377 
Hemeenasius Ashmead, 300, 377 
Hemencyrtus Ashmead, 301, 307, 377, 496 
herberti, 496 
Hemiptarsenini, Tribe IT., 358 
Table of genera, 358 
Hemiptarsenus Westwood, 358, 377 
Hemitorymus Ashmead, 243, 244, 377, 
400 


540 SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 


Hemitorymus thoracicus, 401 
Hemitrichus Thomson, 276, 377 
Henicetrus Thomson, 377 
Henicopygus Ashmead, 294, 377 
Heptacondyla Rondani, 377 
Heptasmicra Ashmead, 252, 253, 377, 451 
adscita, 451 
affinis, 452 
captiva, 451 
chrysomeras, 451 
limaticoxalis, 452 
longicaudala, 452 
obliterata, 451 
persimilis, 452 
quadrimaculata, 453 
Heptomerus Rondani, 377 
Herbertia Howard, 272, 377 
braseliensis, 474 
howardi 474 
Heterandrium Mayr, 258, 377 
biannulatum, 397 
Heterarthrellus Howard, 303, 309, 377 
Hetroxys Westwood, 377 
Hexacladia Ashmead, 301, 308, 377, 496 
smithii, 496 
Hexasmicra Ashmead, 242, 377, 464 
transversa, 454 
trinidadensis, 454 
brasiliensis, 454 
Heydenia Forster, 282, 284, 377 
Hippocephalus Ashmead, 377 
Hippota Walker, 256, 257, 377 
Hockeria Walker, 255, 256, 377 
Holaspis Mayr, 242, 243, 377 
Holezeus Thomson, 313, 314, 377 
Holcencyrtus Ashmead, 303, 309, 377 
Holcopelte Forster, 377 
Holeopeltoideus Ashmead, 341, 342, 377 
Holcothorax Mayr, 377 
Homalopoda Howard, 305, 377 
Homalotylus Mayr, 301, 308, 377 
Homoporus Thomson, 324, 378 
Hontalia Cameron, 257, 378, 458 
cameroni, 458 
Hontalia kirbyi, 458 
Hookeria* Holmgren, 378 


Hoplocrepis Ashmead, 341, 542, 378, 505 
bifasciata, 505 
brasiliensis, 505 
Hoplopsis Destefani, 290, 378 
Horismenus Walker, 341, 342, 378, 507 
eneicollis, 507, 508 
bisuleus, 507 
corumbe, 507, 508 
persimilis, 507, 508 
Hormocerus Forster, 378 
Howardia Dalla Torre, 378 
Howardiella Dalla Torre, 297, 378 
Hubbardiella Ashmead, 339, 340, 378 
Hybothorax Ratzeburg, 256, 257, 378 
Hyperbius Forster, 378 
Hyperteles Forster, 348, 350, 378 
Hypopteromalus Ashmead, 320, 378 
Hypsicamera Forster, 329, 378 


Idarnella Westwood, 378 
Idarnes Walker, 238, 239, 378, 395 
attenuatus, 395 
brevicollis, 395 
carme, 395 
coriaria, 395 
forticornis, 395 
gracilicornis, 395 
parallella, 395 
punctata Mayr, 396 
Idarnine, Subfamily I., 237, 395 
Table of genera, 237 
Idoleupelmus Ashmead, 289, 378, 487 
annulicornis, 489 
Tsanisa Walker, 378 
Ischnopsis Ashmead, 289, 378, 487 
thoracica, 487 
cyanea, 487 
Tsoeratus Forster, 578 
Isoeyrtus Walker, 318, 321, 378 
Isodromus Howard, 301, 308, 378 
Isomeralia Shipp., 268, 270, 378, 471 
coronata, 471 
Isoplatini, Tribe ITT., 324 
Table of genera, 324 
Isoplata Forster, 324, 378 
Isosoma Walker, 259, 260, 378, 461 


SPECIAL INDEX TO 


Tsosoma orchidiarum, 461 
Tsosomini, Tribe IT., 259, 460 
Table of genera, 259 
Tsosomocharis Ashmead, 259, 260, 378 
Isosomodes Ashmead, 259, 260, 378, 460 
brasiliensis, 460 
nigriceps, 461 
Isosomorpha Ashmead, 259, 260, 378 


Kapala Cameron, 269, 270, 378, 472 

alta, 472 

auchara, 472 

atrata, 473 

eynipsea, 473 

diceradera, 473 

furcata, 472 

inexagens, 472 

reflexa, 473 

splendens, 473 
Koebelea Ashmead, 238, 239, 378 
Kradebia Saunders, 233, 234, 379 
Kriechbaumerella Dalla Torre, 256, 257, 37° 


Lelaps Dalla Torre, 379 
Lesthia Haliday, 379 
Leetocantha Shipp, 268, 270, 379 
Lamprostylus Forster, 379 
Lamprotatus Westwood, 278, 279, 379, 477 
alcander, 477 
bisaltes, 477 
ceecina, 477 
dioxippes, 477 
cleus, 478 
hages, 478 
nevolus, 478 
natta, 478 
minutus, 478 
orobia, 478 
tubero, 478 
Larradomorpha Stadelman, 249, 250, 379 
Lasiokapala Ashmead, 269, 270, 379, 473 
serrata, 474 
Lasionychus Shipp., 379 
Lathromeris Forster, 360, 361, 379 
Lecaniobius Ashmead, 290, 379 
Leimacis Forster, 362, 379 


MEMOIR IV. 


Lelapinze, Subfamily IV., 279, 479 
Table of genera, 279 
Lelaps Haliday, 279, 280, 379 
abdominalis, 481 
seneiceps, 481 
affinis, 480 
apicalis, 479 
avicula, 479 
bimaculata, 482 
eallisto, 479 
decorata, 479 
ferruginea, 480 
halidayi, 481 
picta, 479 
stylata, 482 
Leptomastix Forster, 294, 379 
Leucaspis Burmeister, 379 
Leucodesmia Howard, 352, 353, 379, 
flaviceps, 518 
Leucopsis Olivier, 379 
Leucospidine, Subfamily I., 246, 402 
Table of genera, 247 
Leucospis Fabricius, 247, 379, 403 
affinis, 403 
enderleini, 405 
anthidoides, 405 
cupreoyiridis, 404 
cayennensis, 403 
coxalis, 403 
distinguenda, 404 
hopei, 404 
ignota, 404 
egaia, 404 
leucotelus, 404 
propinguus, 404 
santaremensis, 404 
speifera, 405 
Limacis Dalla Torre. 379 
Liocarus Thomson, 379 
Lioterphus Thomson, 241, 242, 379 
Liothorax Mayr, 299, 306, 379 
Lirata Cameron, 268, 270, 379, 471 
batesella, 471 
pallescens, 471 
Lirata surgens, 472 
Litomastix Thomson, 299, 379 


5 


541 


18 


542 SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 


Litus Haliday, 379 
Lochites Forster, 241, 242, 379, 397 
auriceps, 397 
saleius, 397 
Lonchantedon Ratzeburg, 379 
Lonchocerus Dahlbom, 379 
Lophocomodia Ashmead, 314, 315, 379 
Lophocomus Haliday, 341, 342, 379, 506 
anaitis, 506 
eyaneus, 506 
Lophyrocera Cameron, 268, 269, 379 
Leptodites Rondani, 380 
Leptodytes Roudani, 380 
Lutnes Cameron, 380 
Lycisca Spinola, 282, 284, 380, 484 
apicalis, 484 
hastata, 484 
ignicauda, 484 
maculipennis, 484 
raptaria, 484 
romandii, 484 
westwoodii, 484 
Lymceon Walker, 380 
Lyreus Walker, 364, 380, 476 
origo 476 


Macreupelmus Ashmead, 289, 291, 380, 487 
brasiliensis, 487 

Macroglenes Westwood, 272, 380 

Macromesus Walker, 284, 285, 380 

Macroneura Walker, 380 

Macrorileya Ashmead, 264, 265, 380 

Macrostigma Rondani, 365, 380 

Malfettia Meunier, 380 

Marietta Motschulsky, 346, 380 

Marres Walker, 247, 380 

Megalocolus Kirby, 249, 380 

Magapelte Forster, 380 

Megastigmine, Subfamily V., 244, 401 

Table of genera, 244 

Megastigmus Dalman, 245, 380, 401 

Megorismus Walker, 278, 880 

Melanosmicra Ashmead, 251, 253, 380 

clavata Fabr., 448 

Melanosmicra immaculata, 448 

Melittobia Westwood, 348, 380 


Meraporus Walker, 319, 321, 380 
Merisinx, Subfamily IT., 322 

Table of tribes, 322 
Merisini, Tribe II., 323 

Table of genera, 323 
Merisus Walker, 324 
Merismus Walker, 330, 331, 380 
Meroligon Rondani, 380 
Meromalus Walker, 380 
Meromyzobia Ashmead, 293, 296, 380 
Meroporus Blanchard, 380 
Meroporus Walker, 380 
Merostenus Walker, 284, 285, 380 
Mesidia Forster, 346, 380 
Mesolelaps Ashmead, 279, 280 
Mesopolobus Westwood, 317, 318, 381 
Mestocharis Forster, 341, 343, 381 
Metacolus Forster, 315, 316, 381 


Metadontia Ashmead, 252, 254, 381, 453 


flavolineata, 453 

similis, 453 

affinis, 454 
Metagea Kirby, 267, 269, 381 
Metallon Walker, 305, 311, 381 
Metallopsis Westwood, 381 
Metamorpha Walker, 381 
Metapachia Westwood, 320, 322, 381 
Metapelma Westwood, 288, 290, 381 
Metapon Walker, 314, 315, 381, 497 

brasiliense, 497 

magniclavatum, 497 
Metaponini, Tribe I., 319 

Table of genera, 319 
Metastenini, Tribe II., 275, 476 
Metastenus Walker, 275, 276, 381 
Metapopachia Dalla Torre, 381 
Metopum Forster, 581 
Micradelus Walker, 283, 284, 381 
Micranisa Walker, 23 
Micrapion Kriechbaumer, 381 
Microlytus Thomson, 357, 381 
Microma Curtis, 381 
Micromelus Walker, 323, 324, 381 
Microplectron Dahlbom, 357, 381 
Microterus Spinola, 381 
Microterys Thomson, 303, 310,381 


SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 


Miotropis Thomson, 352, 355, 381 
Mira Schellenberg, 299, 306, 381 
Mirini, Tribe IIT., 298, 496 
Table of genera, 289 
Mirocerus Ashmead, 309 
Mischogaster Howard, 381 
Mischosmicra Ashmead, 251, 253 
Miscogaster Walker, 278, 279, 381, 479 
aphareus, 479 
nicetas, 479 
tyche, 479 
Miscogasteridee, Family LXVI., 270, 474 
Table of subfamiles, 271 
Micogasterin, 271 
Table of tribes, 271 
Miscogasterini, Tribe II., 278, 476 
Table of genera, 278 
Misina Rondani, 381 
Misocampus Latreille, 381 
Misocharis Rondani, 381 
Misocoris Rondani, 381 
Mnoonema Motschulsky, 326, 381 
Monobzeus Forster, 245, 382 
Monodontomerinz, Subfamily ITT., 242 
Table of genera, 242 
Monodontomerus Westwood, 243, 382,399 
phormio Walker, 399 
Moranila Cameron, 382 
Mormoniella Ashmead, 316, 317, 382 
Muscidia Motschulsky, 326, 382 
Muscidides Motschulsky, 325 
Myina Nees, 382 
Myiocnema Ashmead, 345, 346, 382 
Myiomisa Rondani, 382 
Mymar, Haliday, 364, 382 
Mymaride, Family LX XIII, 361, 521 
Table of subfamilies, 362 
Mymarine, Subfamily I1., 363, 521 
Table of tribes, 363 
Mymarini, Tribe II., 363, 521 
Table of genera, 363 
Mymarilla Westwood, 363, 364, 382 
Myrmecomemesis Dalla Torra, 289, 382 
Myrmecopsis Walker, 382 
Nannocerus Mayr, 382 
Nasonia Ashmead, 317, 318 


Necremnus Thomson, 358 

Neocatoleecus Ashmead, 320, 322 

Neochaleis Kirby, 255, 256, 382 

Neolelaps Ashmead, 279 

Neorileya Ashmead, 264, 265, 382, 416 
flavipes, 466 

Nesomyia Ashmead, 344, 382 

Nobrimus Thomson, 382 

Norbanus Walker, 320, 364, 382 

Notanisomorpha Ashmead, 356, 382 

Notanisus Walker, 284, 382 

Notaspidium Dalla Torre, 255, 256, 382 

Notaspis Walker, 382 

Notopodion Dahlbom, 382 


e 


Octosmicra Ashmead, 252, 253, 382, 450 
attalica, 450 
correcta 450 
referator, 450 
nigromaculata, 450 
trimaculata, 451 
Odopea Dalla Torre, 382 
Odopoia Walker, 245, 382 
Oligosita Haliday, 859, 360, 382 
Oligositinse, Subfamily I., 359 
Table of genera, 359 
Oligostenus Forster, 243, 383 
Olinw Mayr, 383 
Olynx Forster, 354, 355, 383 
Omphale Haliday, 339, 340, 383, 504 
basiliensis, 504 
Omphalini, Tribe IT., 338, 504 
Table of genera, 339 
Ooctonini, Tribe I., 362 
Table of genera, 362 
Ooctonus Haliday, 362, 383 
Oodera Westwood, 288, 290, 383 
Ooderella Ashmead, 288, 290, 383, 486 
smithii, 486 
Oodencyrtus Ashmead, 302, 309, 383 
Oomyzus Rondani, 383 
Oophthora Aurivellius, 383 
Ophelimus Dalla Torre, 383 
Ophelinini, Tribe IT., 352 
Ophelinini, Table of genera, 351, 517 
Ophelinus Haliday, 383 


544 SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 


Ophelosia Riley, 328, 383 brasiliensis, 496 
Ophionus Ratzeburg, 383 Pediobiini, Tribe TV., 343, 510 
Ophioneurus Ratzeburg, 383 Table of genera, 343 
Orasemus Cameron, 267, 269, 383, 468 Pediobius Walker, 344, 384 
festiva, 468 Pegopus Forster, 284, 285, 384 
rapo, 468 Pelecinella Westwood, 285, 384, 486 
Ormocerus Walker, 278, 283 howardii Ashm, 486 
Ormyrinz, Subfamily VI., 245 phantasma Westw, 486 
Table of genera, 245 westwoodii Ashm, 486 
Ormyrus Westwood, 245, 383, 401 Pelecinellinzei Subfamily IIT., 285, 486 
brasiliensis, 401 Pelorotelus Ashmead, 341, 384, 508 
Otetesella Westwood, 240, 383 ceerulens Ashmead, 509 
Oxycoryphe Kriechbaumer, 249, 285 Pentacladia Westwood, 358, 384 
Oxyglypta Forster, 273, 275, 383 Pentaecnemus Howard, 295, 297, 384 
Oxymorpha Forster, 383 Pentarthron Riley, 360, 361, 384, 521 
brasiliense Ashmead, 521 
Pachyceras Ratzeburg, 383 Pentarthrum Dalla Torre, 384 
Pachychirus Agassiz, 383 Pentasmicra Ashmead, 252, 254, 384, 455 
Pachycrepis Forster, 329, 383 aperta, 455 
Pachyerepoideus Ashmead, 329, 383 appressa, 455 
Pachylarthrus Westwood, 383 brasilica, 455 
Pachyneuron Walker, 329, 383 cerina, 455 
Pachyneuronini, Tribe II., 329 commoda, 455 
Table of genera, 329 contaminata, 455 
Pachyseapha Howard, 351, 383 efficta, 455 
Pachytomus Westwood, 244, 383 seisa, 456 ; 
Packardiella Ashmead, 364 Pentastichus Ashmead, 349, 350, 384 
Paleomymar Meunier, 383 Pentelicus Howard, 300, 307, 384 
Palmon Dalman, 384 Peridesmia Forster, 364, 384 
Pandelus Forster, 315, 316, 384 Periglyphus Boheman, 384 
Panstenon Walker, 334, 335, 384 Perilampide, Family LXTV., 265, 467 
Panthalis Cameron, 384 Table of genera, 266 
Panthus Walker, 384 Perilampus Latreille, 266, 384, 467 
Paphagus Walker, 319, 384, 499 brasiliensis Ashm., 467 
sidero Walk., 499 Perissopterus Howard, 346, 385 
Paracaratomus Ashmead, 333, 384 Pezobius Forster, 385 
Paracentrobia Howard, 360, 384 Phacostoma Nees, 385 
Paracrias Ashmead, 343, 344, 384, 510 Phenacra Forster, 323, 324, 385 
laticeps, 510 Pheenodiscus Forster, 301, 307, 385 
Paralesthia Cameron, 334, 384 Phagona Curtis, 385 
Paraolinx Ashmead, 354, 384 Phasganophora Dalla Torre, 385 
Parapsilophrys Howard, 299, 306 Phasgonophora Westwood, 249, 385, 405 
Parasaphes Ashmead, 328 batesii Kirby, 405 
Paraspalangia Ashmead, 334 Pheidoloxenus Ashmead, 328, 385 
Paraterobia Ashmead, 274, 275 Philachyra Haliday, 260, 385 


Parencyrtus Ashmead, 299, 306, 496 Philomides Haliday, 266, 385 


SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 545 


Philotrypesis Forster, 237, 339, 385 
Phlebopenes Perty, 290, 385, 491 

abdominalis, 492 

basilica, 491 

consors, 491 

longicollis, 491 

longifica, 491 

pertyi, 492 

purpurea, 491 

splendens, 491 

splendidus, 492 

viridis, 492 
Photismus ‘Thomson, 284, 285, 385 
Phylloxeroxenus Ashmead, 262, 263, 385 
Physeus Howard, 346, 385 
Physothorax Mayr, 243, 385, 399 

annuliger, 599 

biarticulatus, 399 

dorsigera, 400 

mayri, 400 

variabilis, 400 
Picroscytus Thomson, 385 
Pireninz, Subfamily I., 271 

Table of genera, 271 
Pirene Haliday, 272, 385 
Plastocharis Forster, 385 
Platygerrhus Thomson, 284, 285, 385 
Platymesopus Westwood, 317, 385 
Platyneura Motschulsky, 238, 385 
Platynocheilus Westwood, 338, 385 
Platyscapa Motschulsky, 235, 385 
Platyterma Walker, 317, 318, 385, 498 

nephele, 498 
Platytermus Thomson, 385 
Pleistodontes Saunders, 233, 284, 385 
Plesiostigma Mayr, 248, 244, 400 

bicolor Mayr, 400 
Plesiostigmodes Ashmead, 243, 244, 385, 400 

brasiliensis, 400 
Pleuropachus Westwood, 385 
Pleuropachys Forster, 386 
Pleurotropis Forster, 341, 342, 386 
Plutothrix Forster, 338, 386 
Podagrion Spinola, 244, 386, 401 

brasiliensis, 401 

cyaneus, 402 


Podagrion melleus, 402 
Podagrioninze, Subfamily TV., 244 
Table of genera, 244 
Polanisa Walker, 237, 386 
Polistomorpha Westwood, 247, 386, 402 
fasciata, 402 
sphegoides, 402 
surinamensis, 402 
Polycelis Thomson, 386 
Polychroma Westwood, 386 
Polychromatium Dalla Torre, 386 
Polyeystus Westwood, 331, 332, 386 
Polymoria Forster, 288, 386 
Polynema Haliday, 364, 386, 521 
brasiliensis, 521 
rufescens, 521 
Polyscelis Dalla Torre, 319, 321, 386 
Poropeea Forster, 360, 386 
Prestwichia Lubbock, 359, 360, 386 
Priomerus Walker, 386 
Prionomastix Mayr, 298, 386 
Prionomitus Mayr, 299, 306, 386 
Prionopelna Westwood, 386 
Prionopus Dalman, 364, 386 
Prodecatoma Ashmead, 261, 263, 386, 463 
bruneiventris, 463 
flavescens, 464 
thoracicus, 464 
nigra, 464 
Proglochin Dalla Torre, 386 
Proglochis Philippi, 386 
Prosodes Walker, 386 
Protoceras Kirby, 252, 253, 386, 450 
caudatus, 450 
leucotelus, 450 
Prosopon Walker, 386 
Prospalta Howard, 345, 346, 386 
Pseudeneyrtus Ashmead, 303, 310, 386 
Pseudisa Walker, 386 
Pseudochaleis Kirby, 249, 250, 386, 407 
conica, 407 
declarator, 407 
flavopicta, 407 
Pseudochalecura Ashmead, 268, 269, 386, 468 
nigrocyanea, 468 
Pseudometagea Ashmead, 267, 269, 386 


546 SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 


Psilocera Walker, 314, 315, 387 
Psilogaster Blanchard, 267, 269, 387 
Psilonotus Walker, 317, 387 
Psilophrys Mayr, 298, 306, 387 
Psyllephagus Ashmead, 302, 309, 387 
Pterosema Forster, 331, 332, 387 
Pterotomus Packard, 387 
Pterolycus Ratzeburg, 387 
Pteromalidee, Family LXIX., 311, 497 

Table of subfamilies, 312 
Pteromalinz, Subfamily I., 312, 497 

Table of tribes, 313 
Pteromalini, Tribe IV., 318 , 499 

Table of genera, 518 
Pteromalites Heer, 387 
Pteromalodes Dahlbom, 387 
Pteromalus Swederus, 320, 321, 387, 499 

archia, 499 

calenus, 499 

cleophanes, 499 

cosis, 499 

driopides, 499 

eurypon, 499 

gryneus, 499 

megareus, 500 

mydon, 500 

cende, 500 

oxynthes, 500 

prothous, 500 

rheebus, 500 

sestius, 500 

toxenus, 500 

traulus, 501 

vitula, 501 

vulso, 501 
Pteroncoma Forster, 387 
Pteroptricini, Tribe II., 347 

Table of genera, 347 
Pteropthriz Dalla Torre, 387 
Pteroptrix Westwood, 347, 387 
Pterosema Forster, 387 
Pterotrix Walker, 387 
Ptinobius Ashmead, 283, 284, 387 
Rachistus Forster, 387 
Raphitelus Harris, 387 


Ratzeburgia Forster, 387 
Rhachistus Dalla Torre, 387 
Rhaphidotelus Forster, 387 
Rhaphitelini, Tribe IT., 315 

Table of genera, 315 
Rhaphitelus Walker, 315, 316, 387 
Rhicnopelte Forster, 355, 387 
Rhipipallus Kirby, 267, 268, 387 
Rhopalicus Forster, 316, 387 
Rhopalotus Forster, 342, 343, 387 
Rhopoideus Howard, 311, 387 
Rhopus Forster, 387 
Rhytidothorax Ashmead, 301, 307, 387 


Rileya Ashmead, 264, 265, 388, 467 


orbitalis, 467 
Rileya Howard, 388 
Rileyini, Tribe IV., 263, 466 
Table of genera, 264 
Roptrocerini, Tribe I., 322 
Table of genera, 325 
Roptrocerus Ratzeburg, 323, 388 


Saccharissa Kirby, 267, 269, 388 
Sayiella Ashmead, 251, 253, 388 
Sceptrophorus Forster, 302, 308, 388 
Schizaspidia Westwood, 268, 269, 388, 469 
maculata, 469 
pretendens, 469 
Schizonotus Ratzeburg, 283, 284, 388 
Schwarzella Ashmead, 256, 588 
Sciatheras Ratzeburg, 388 
Scotolinx, Ashmead, 354, 355 
Scutellista Motschulsky, 325, 326, 588 
Scecodes Forster, 339, 340, 388 
Seymnophagus Ashmead, 319, 321, 388 
Seladerma Walker, 278, 279, 388, 479 
epulo, 479 
Selimnus Walker, 388 
Selitrichus Roudani, 339, 340, 588 
Semiotellus Westwood, 274, 275, 388 
Semiotus Walker, 388 
Sericops Kriechbaumer, 266, 388 
Sigmophora Rondani, 388 
Signiphora Ashmead, 311, 388, 497 
Signiphora noacki, 497 
rhizococci, 497 


SPECIAL INDEX TO 


Signiphorine, Subfamily ITI., 311, 497 
Simopterus Forster, 588 
Siphonura Nees, 388 
Smaragdites Westwood, 388 
Smiera Spinola, 250, 253, 388, 411 
clavata, 412 
Smicrini, Tribe IT., 250, 411 
Table of genera, 280 
Smiera Spinola, 388 
Solenoderus Motschulsky, 326, 388 
Solenotus Forster, 388 
Solenura Westwood, 283, 586 
Solindenia Cameron, 288, 588 
Sosxetra Walker, 388 
Spalangia Latreille, 334, 388, 502 
brasiliensis, 502 
Spalangiine, Subfamily TV., 333, 502 
Table of genera, 333 
Spalangius Say, 389 
Spaniopus Walker, 331, 332, 389 
Sparthiophilus Rondani, 389 
Spartiophilus Rondani, 389 
Spathopus Ashmead, 272, 589 
Spheropalpus Forster, 389 
Spheropisthus Thomson, 299, 306, 389 
Sphegigaster Spinola, 350, 352, 389 
Sphegigasterine, Subfamily IV., 327, 501 
Table of genera, 327 
Sphegigasterini, Tribe IIT., 330, 502 
Table of genera, 330 
Sphenolepis Nees, 589 
Spilochaleis Thomson, 251, 255, 3889, 415 
abdominalis, 413 
accila, 413 
acuta, 415 
adjuncta, 413 
’ admixta, 413 
emula, 414 
zequalis, 414 
afflecta, 414 
albomaculata, 432 
alienata, 414 
andrei, 418 
annexa, 414 
Spilochalis annulifera, 414 
apicalis, 442 


MEMOIR IV. 547 


Spilochalis apparata, 414 


appressa, 414 
atrata, 428 
attracta, 414 
axillaris, 440 
bergii, 415 
biannulata, 439 
bidentata, 434 
blanda, 415 
bimaculata, 424 
bipunctata, 447 
brancensis, 443 
burmeisteri, 415 
cameroni, 439 
capitulata, 415 
celsa, 415 
chapadee, 432 
chapadensis, 443 
cognata, 415 
composita, 415 
congrua, 415 
contracta, 415 
contributa, 416 
corumbensis, 415 
corumbe, 445 
corumbicola, 436 
costalis, 416 
dares, 416 
decipiens, 416 
decisa, 416 
deducta, 416 
defuncta, 416 
dimidiata, 446 
demonstrata, 416 
demota, 416 
depicta, 417 
descripta, 417 
detracta, 417 
devia, 435 
dimota, 417 
discalis, 417 
discolor, 417 
disposita, 417 
enocki, 439 
enyo, 417 
erythrogaster, 433 


Spilochalis exhauriens, 417 
expleta, 418 
femorata, 426 
flava, 418 
flavoaxillaris, 433 
flavobasalis, 430 
flavoorbitalis, 430 
foveata, 418 
fulleri, 442 
fusiformis, 440 
ghilianii, 418 
gracilis, 418 
hempeli, 435 
hollandi, 445 
howardi, 437 
illata, 418 
imitator, 432 
incerta, 418 
incompleta, 444 
incongrua, 438 
insularis, 437 
janeiroensis, 430 
lanceolata, 418, 444 
laticeps, 429 
lepreuri, 419 
lineatocoxalis, 442 
lobata, 419 
? leuteipennis, 419 
maculata, 435 
marginata, 434 
marshalli, 441 
mayri, 438 
media, 439 
meridionalis, 446 
morleyi, 441 
mesomela, (left out through an error) 
multinotata, 419 
miilleri, 437 
nebulosa, 419 
nigropetiolata, 429 
nigropleuralis, 436 
obliterans, 419 
paraguayensis, 446 
peirolerii, 419 
pera, 419 
perplexa, 431 


D418 SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 


Spilochalis persimilis, 431, 445 

picta, 420 

pielus, 420 

pygmea, 420 

quinquesignata, 420 

referator, 420 

rufodorsalis, 429 

rufoscutellaris, 429 

santarema, 433 

santaremensis, 428 

simillima, 432 

sordida, 420 

tarsalis, 428 

terminalis, 420 

timida, 438 

torrida, 420 

trilineata, 441 

trinidadensis, 437 

tripunctata, 446 

tuberculator, 434 

unilineata, 442 

unimaculata, 431 

urichi, 440 

vagabunda, 444 

variegata, 421 

vau, 444 

vicillans, 420 
Spintherus Thomson, 314, 315, 389 
Stenocera Walker, 389 
Stenoceroides Dalla Torre, 288, 389 
Stenomalus Thomson, 316, 389 
Stenomesius Westwood, 352, 354, 389, 519 

dimidiatus, 519 
Stenophrus Forster, 389 
Stenoterys Thomson, 294, 389 
Sternodes Destefam, 389 
Sterrhocoma Forster, 389 
Stichocrepis Forster, 389 
Stichothrix Forster, 364, 389 
Stictomischus Thomson, 278, 279, 389 
Stigmatocrepis Ashmead, 273, 274, 389 
Stilbula Spinola, 268, 269, 389, 468 

nigriceps, 468 
Stinoplus Thomson, 314, 315, 389 
Stomatocera Kirby, 255, 256, 389 
Stomoctea Dufour, 389 


SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 


Storthygoceras Ratzeburg, 389 
Stylocerus Ratzeburg, 389 
Stylophorella Ashmead, 275, 389 
Stypiura Kirby, 249, 250, 389, 407 
conigastra, 407 
Sycobia Walker, 241, 389 
Syeobiella Westwood, 240, 389 
Sycocrypta Coquerel, 389 
Sycophaga Westwood, 235, 389 
Sycophagin, Subfamily IT., 234 
Table of Genera, 235 
Sycophila Walker, 238, 241, 389 
Sycoryctes Mayr, 238, 390 
Sycoseaptella Westwood, 237, 240, 390 
Sycoseapter Westwood, 239, 390 
Sycoscapterella Ashmead, 239, 390 
Sycoscapteridea Ashmead, 239, 390 
Sympiesis Forster, 357, 390 


Sympiesomorpha Ashmead, 352, 353, 390, 518 


brasiliensis, 519 
obseura, 519 
Sympiezus Thomson, 390 
Syntomaspis Forster, 241, 242, 390, 397 
aprilis, 397 
cubura, 297 
flavicollis, 398 
holeaspoides, 397 
Syntomocera Forster, 274, 275, 390 
Syntomopus Forster, 330, 331, 390 
Syntomosphyrum Forster, 349, 350, 390 
Syrphophagus Ashmead, 304, 310, 391 
Syntasis Walker, 274, 275, 390 
Systole Walker, 262, 263, 390 
Systolodes Ashmead, 262, 263, 390, 466 
brasiliensis, 466 
Systolomorpha Ashmead, 281, 282, 390 


Tachardizephagus Ashmead, 303, 390 
Tachineephagus Ashmead, 304, 390 
Tanaoneura Howard, 301, 308, 390 
Tanaostigma Howard, 291, 292, 390 
Tanaostigmini, Tribe II., 291, 495 
Tanaostigmodes Ashmead, 291, 292, 390 
Telegraphus Ratzeburg, 390 

Teleogmus Forster, 353, 390 

Terobia Forster, 274, 275, 390 


Terobiella Ashmead, 324, 325, 390 
Tetracampe Forster, 338, 390 
Tetracampini, Tribe I., 337, 503 

Table of genera, 338 
Tetracladia Howard, 295 
Tetracnemopsis Ashmead, 28 
Tetranemopteryx Ashmead, 239 
Tetracnemoidea Ashmead, 295, 297 
Tetradontia Ashmead, 396 
Tetracnemus Westwood, 295, 297, 390 
Tetragonaspis Mayr, 391 
Tetralophidea Ashmead, 293, 391 
Tetralophiella Ashmead, 295, 391 
Tetramelia Kirby, 268, 269, 391 

meridionalis, 469 

plagiata, 469 
Tetramesa Walker, 391 
Tetranemopteryx Ashmead, 391 
Tetrapus Mayr, 233, 234, 391, 394 

americana Mayr, 394 
Tetrarhopala Motschulsky, 391 
Tetrasmicra Ashmead, 252, 254, 391, 456 

concitata, 456 

crocata, 456 

destinata, 456 

maculata, 456 
Tetrastichinze, Subfamily III., 347, 511 

Table of tribes, 347 
Tetrastichini, Tribe II., 347, 512 

Table of genera, 347 
Tetrastichodes Ashmead, 348, 350, 391 
Tetrastichus Haliday, 349, 350, 391, 513 

albitarsis, 514, 515 

archideus, 513 

athenais, 513 

brasiliensis, 515 

cacus, 515 

chapadie, 515 

cleonica, 513 

daimachus, 513 

deilochus, 513 

februus, 513 

incongruus, 516 

nareeus, 513 

naucles, 514 

norax, 514 


549 


550 SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 


Tetrastichus phryno, 514 

polybeea, 514 

seadius, 514 

valerus, 514 

xenocles, 514 
Thaumapus Kirby, 251, 253, 448 

acuminatus, 448 

decorus, 448 

masus, 448 

walkeri, 448 
Thaumasura Westwood, 283, 391 
Thaumatelia Kirby, 249, 250, 391, 406 

pulchripennis, 406 

separata Walker, 406 
Theocolax Westwood, 391 
Thoracantha Latreille, 268, 269, 391, 469 

latreillei, 469 

romandi, 470 
Thusanus Walker, 291 
Thysanus Haliday, 346, 391 
Tineobius Ashmead, 289, 391 
Tinomyzus Rondani, 391 
Tineophaga Rondani, 391 
Tineophoctonus Ashmead, 293, 391 
Tityros Walker, 332 
Tomicobia, 283 
Tomocera Howard, 328 
Tomologon Rondani, 391 
Torymide, Family LXT., 235, 395 
Torymine, Subfamily IT., 241, 397 
Torymoides Walker, 242, 391 
Torymus Dalman, 242, 391, 398 

chapade, 398 

cumelis, 398 

monacris, 398 

smithii, 398 

sylvicola, 399 
Toxeuma Walker, 278, 391 
Tribus Forster, 245, 392 
Trichasius Provancher, 365, 392 
Trichaulus Mayr, 238, 239, 392, 396 

flavescens Mill, 396 

goldiana Mill, 396 

nuda Mayr, 396 

singularis Mayr, 396 

versicolor Mayr, 396 


Trichocerus Ratzeburg, 392 
Trichencyrtus Ashmead, 291, 292, 392, 495 
robustus, 495 
Trichoglenes Thomson, 318, 321, 392 
Trichogramma Westwood, 360, 392 
Trichogrammide, Family LX XIT., 358, 521 
Table of subfamilies, 359 
Trichogramminz, Subfamily IT., 360 
Table of genera, 360 
Trichomalus Thomson, 318, 321 
Trichomasthus Thomson, 392 
Trichoporus Forster, 348, 349, 350, 392, 512 
colliguaya, 512 
melleus, 512 
persimilis, 512 
viridicyaneus, 512 
Trichoxenia Kirby, 255, 257, 392 
Tricoryna Kirby, 267, 269, 392 
Tricoryphus Forster, 392 
Tridymine, Subfamily II., 272, 475 
Table of tribes, 273 
Tridymini, Tribe I., 272, 475 
Table of genera, 273 
Tridymus Ratzeburg, 273, 274, 392 
Trigonoderus Westwood, 284, 285, 485 
brasiliensis, 485 
Trigonogastra Ashmead, 330, 331, 392 
Trigonura Sichel, 249, 250, 392, 406 
dentipes, 406 
dorsalis, 406 
Trimorphocerus Dahlbom, 372 
Tripedias Forster, 392 
Triphasius Forster, 392 
Trismicra Ashmead, 252, 254, 392, 456 
contracta Walk, 456 
Tritypus Ratzeburg, 392 
Trogocarpus Rondani, 392 
Tropidogastra Ashmead, 323, 392 


Uriella Ashmead, 323, 392 

Urocryptus Westwood, 392 

Uroderostenus Ashmead, 343, 344, 392, 511 

Uroentedon Ashmead, 341, 342, 392, 504 
verticillatus, 505 

Urolepis Walker, 318, 321, 392 

Uromelia Kirby, 268, 270, 392, 470 


SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 


Uromelia striata, 470 
Volkerella Westwood, 393 


Walkerella Westwood, 240, 393 
Websterellus Ashmead, 242, 243, 393 
Westwoodella Ashmead, 359 


Xanthoatomus Ashmead, 360 
Xanthomelanus Ashmead, 251, 253, 393, 447 


Xanthomelanus dimidiatus Fabr., 447 
Xanthosoma Ashmead, 262, 263, 393 


Xenocrepis Forster, 276, 393 


Zagrammosoma Ashmead, 354, 355 
D> , , 
Zaomma Ashmead, 304 
> 
Zaommomyia Ashmead, 340, 393 
Zapachia Forster, 283, 285, 393 
Zarhopalus Ashmead, 305, 310, 393 


551 


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‘GENERAL INDEX. 


N. B. A special index, covering all the material described in the paper of Dr. William H. 
Ashmead on the Chalcidoidea, has been provided, and will be found on p. 533. 


Accipitres, 114, 217 

Actiornis, 165; A. anglicus, 165 

Amphieyon, 66, 67, 97, 98, 99; americanus, 
97, 98, 99; vetus, 67 

Anhinga, 112, 125, 151, 158, 159, 161, 163, 
167-174, 196, 197, 215, 216; anhinga, 
111, 117, 151 ; Osteology of, 150-165 

Anhingide, 111, 113, 150, 169,175, 215, 217 

Anseriformes, 114 

Archzeopteryx, 38 

Ardeidz, 116 

Ardeiformes, 115 

Ashmead, William H., Classification of the 
Chaleidoidea, 225-551 

Atlantosaurus beds, 9 

Audubon, 112 

Aves, 129, 219 


Baptanodon beds, 9 

Brandt, Prof., 112, 115, 154, 157 

Brontosaurus, 3, 8, 34, 39, 40, 46, 47, 49, 51, 
55; excelsus, 39, 52 


Canis, 66 ; azare, 77 ; cancrivorus, 77, 80; fa- 
miliaris, 73, 77; lagopus, 77, 973  occi- 
dentalis, 77, 97; parvidens, 79, 97, 106; 
urostictus, 77, 79, 106 ; vulpes, 77 

Carnegie, Andrew, 3, 57 

Cardiodontidx, 55 

Carpenter, Mr. W. J., 4 

Cathartidiformes, 14, 114 

Cervicals, 18, 20, 25 

Cetacea, 2 

Chalcidoidea, 225 

Ciconiide, 116 


5D3 


Cicontiformes, 113 

Coggeshall, A. 8.,.3, 4, 9, 10, 95 
Coggeshall, Louis 8., 3 

Contents of Mem. IV., v, Mem. IV. 
Cope, Prof., 101 

Creodonta adoptiva, 106 

Crocodilia, 56 

Cynodictis, 83, 106 ; gregarius, 105 
Cyon, 106 


Dakota Sandstones, 9 

Dalla Torre, Dr. Carl W., iii, Mem. IV. 

Dapheenus, 66, 67, 71, 72, 73, 77, 79, 80, 81, 
83, 91-938, 95-106; dodgei, 95; felinus, 
65-105 ; hartshornianus, 100-102; vetus, 
66, 68, 80 

Desmognathe, 114 

Dhole (The), or Red Dog of India, 106 

Dinosauria, 2, 3 

Diomedea, 205, 206, 217; albatrus, 204; ex- 
ulans, 207 

Diomedeide, 203, 204, 206 

Diplodocus, 1-61 ; Carnegii, 1-61; longus, 5, 
8, 9, 19, 33, 42, 55, 56, 57 

Donitz, 154, 157 

Dromeeidee, 135 

Dysporomorphe, 111, 114 


Elotheres, Oligocene, 70 

Errata in Mem. IV., ix, Mem. IV. 

Faleoniformes, 115 

Farr, Dr. M. S., 95 

Forbes, 112 

Fregata, 112, 113, 114, 161, 203-217 ; aquila, 
111, 117, 203, 209 


Hd GENERAL 


Fregatidee, 111-115 
Fregatoides, 113, 215-217 
Fiirbringer, Prof., 113 

Gadow, Hans, 115 

Garrod, 112-1138, 154, 157, 174 
Graculide, 113 

Graculus carbo, 218, 219 
Grandidier, 111, 112 


Hateher, J. B.; Diplodocus, Its Osteology, ete., 
1-61 ; Oligocene Canidee, 65-106 

Herodii, 116 

Holland, W. J., 61 

Hoplophoneus, 81, 90, 91 

Huxley, Prof. T. H., 111, 192 

Hyzenodons, Oligocene, 70, 79, 81. 


Ichthyornithiformes, 114 
Ichthyornis, 147 
Tguana, 40 

Illiger, 115 


Iterson, von, F., 106 


Laboratory Methods, p. 1 

Lacertilia, 41 

Lakes, Prof. Arthur, 56 

Laride, 118, 129 

Lartet, 66 

Leidy, 66, 72, 73 

Linneeus, 11 

Longipennes, 216, 217 

Lucas, F. A., 110, 165, 166, 167, 177, 178, 
179, 183, 186, 203, 219 

Lydekker, 165 


€ 
a 


Maegillivray, 111, 112 

Machairodonts, 79, 106 

Marsh, Prof. O. C., 4, 5, 8, 9, 18, 19, 31, 34, 
36, 40, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 65 

Matthew, G. D., 65, 67, 68, 106 

McGregor, R. C., 168 

Milne-Edwards, Prof. A., 111, 112 

Mivart, Professor, 80, 112, 154, 192 

Morosauride, 55 

Morosaurus, 6, 40 


Nannopterum, 165, 215 
Natatores, 113 


INDEX. 


Odontopterygide, 114 

Oligocene Canidie, 65, 106 

Osborn, Prof. H. F., 4, 13, 31, 34-39, 45, 56— 
61 

Otoeyon, 79 

Owen, Prof. Richard, 111 


Pallasicarbo, 165 

Pallas’ Cormorant, 185 

Paradoxurus, 66 

Parker, Professor, 133, 167 

Patriofelis, 81 

Patton, Wm., 11 

Pelargi, 116 

Pelagornithes, 115 

Pelagornithide, 114 

Pelican, Brown, 189 

Pelecani, 114 

Pelecanide, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 126, 
203, 215, 219 

Pelecaniformes, 114, 165 

Pelecanoidea, 215, 216 

Pelecanoidex, 113 

Pelecanus, 114, 125, 203, 215, 216; califor- 
nicus, 111; erythrorhynchus, 111, 219; 
Fuscus, WI, vier 8s 9S Seon. 
219; mitratus, 192; onocrotalus, 192, 219 ; 
Sharpei, 100, 189, 190, 196, 198, 200, 
219 

Perdicine, 133 

Peterson, O. 
95, 96 

Phaéthon, 113-117, 121-130; ethereus, 111, 
117-129, 182,142; americanus, 117; 
flavirostris, 110, 117-129, 132, 216; fulvus, 
117; indicus, 117; lepturus, 117; rubri- 
cauda, 117 

Phaéthonide, 130, 131, 148, 150 

Phaéthontes, 114 

Phaéthontide, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 132, 
215, 217 

Phaéthontidex, 113 

Phaéthontoidea, 215, 216 


AS 880: ails Gay Gee meee 


Phalacrocoraces, 114 
Phalacrocoracide, 111-115, 165-188, 215, 
217, 218 


GENERAL INDEX. 555 


Phalacrocorax, 111, 114, 161, 162, 165, 167, 
170, 171, 173, 175, 177, 198, 203, 215, 
216 ; albiventris, 172, 185, 218, 219; bi- 
cristatus, 109, 168 ; carbo, 157, 167, 175- 
179, 185-188 ; carunculatus, 203 ; dilophus, 
175, 176, 179, 182, 218, 219); gracula, 
167; harrisi, 219; lugubris 157; magel- 
lanicus, 185, 187, 219; melanogaster, 112 ; 
melanoleucus, 185, 218, 219 ; pelagicus, 218, 
219; pelagicus robustus, 218 ; penicillatus, 
185, 186, 187, 219; perspicillatus, 165, 
175, 176, 179, 182, 184, 185, 186, 188; 
vigna, 219 ; punctatus, 219 ; wrile, 117, 163, 
165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 174, 
185, 187, 219 

Pheenicopteridee, 117 

Pleuroceelide, 54 

Plotidee, 111, 114, 217 

Plotus, 114, 124, 150; anhinga, 151, 157; 
levaillanti, 157, 158, 217; melanogaster, 
151 ; novee-hollandiw, 151, 157; rufus, 151. 

Predentata, 61 

Prentice, Sidney, 106 

Proamphicyon, 99, 100, 102, 105 ; nebrascen- 

sis, 95, 96, 98, 99. 

Procellariiformes, 115 

Prodaphzenus scotti, 77 

Protemnocyon, 103, 105 ; inflatus, 99-104 

Puffinis, 216, 217 

Pycraft, W. P., 167 


Ratites, 38 
Reed; W.-H:,95 10;-11 
Reichenow, Anton, 113 
Reptilia, 56 


Sabre-toothed cats, 81 

Sauropoda, 2, 6, 7, 55, 56 

Scopidee, 116 

Scott, Wm. B., 65, 67, 68, 72, 73, 79, 80, 94, 
102 


Seebohm, Mr., 113 

Sharpe, Dr. R. Bowdler, 114, 117, 132, 150, 
165, 203, 217 

Shufeldt, Dr. R. W., The Osteology of the 
Steganopodes, 109-219 

Smith, H. H., 225 

Steganopodes, Relationships of the, 215-217 

Stegosaurus, 3, 5 

Stejneger, Dr. Leonhard, 113, 175, 185 

Sternum, The, 39 

Struthio, 38 

Sula, 111, 113, 124, 132, 134, 215, 216; 
abboti, 132; alba, 135; bassana, 111, 117, 
132, 138, 134, 136, 141, 142, 144, 145, 
147, 148, 150 ; brewsteri, 111, 117, 132, 133, 
141, 142, 150, 216 ; capensis, 132 ; eyanops, 
1 U2, So. lop els. 4a. 
145, 147, 150; gossi, 111, 117, 132, 133, 
138, 141, 142, 145, 147, 150; neboumi, 
132 ; piseator, 111, 117, 132, 133, 135, 141, 
144, 145, 147, 150; serrator, 132; sula, 
111, 132; variegata, 132; websteri, 132 

Sulidse, 110; 111, 113, 114, 182, 13a) 139, 
143, 215, 216, 217 


Taxonomy, 54 

Temnoeyon coryphieus, 101, 102 

Theropoda, 61 

Titanosaurid, 55 

Tubinares, 109, 110, 113, 117, 132, 189, 216, 
219 


VanKirk, A. W., 3 
Vulpayus, 106 


Weber, Mr. Rudolph, 4 

White River Canidie, 105 

Wortman, Dr. J. L., 3, 9, 10, 11, 65, 66, 67, 
97, 106 


Young, Mr. Curtis Clay, 168 


Publications of the Carnegie Museum. Serial No, 21. 


é 


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